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The Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture, Land Resources,
... Many studies of climate change have focused on the next 100 years. Model projections out to 2100 have become the de facto standard, as in the assessment reports produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This report has benefited greatly from such literature, but our main focu ...
... Many studies of climate change have focused on the next 100 years. Model projections out to 2100 have become the de facto standard, as in the assessment reports produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This report has benefited greatly from such literature, but our main focu ...
Climate Change: Adaptation for Queensland Issues Paper
... need to be continued and strengthened. At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change conference in Cancun in December 2010 the world agreed to take action to limit global warming to 2°C above pre-industrial levels. Even with only 2°C global warming there are serious risks to Queenslan ...
... need to be continued and strengthened. At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change conference in Cancun in December 2010 the world agreed to take action to limit global warming to 2°C above pre-industrial levels. Even with only 2°C global warming there are serious risks to Queenslan ...
Climate Change and Tourism - Sustainable Development of Tourism
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC). The WTO, having initiated an international dialogue on the topic of tourism and climate change by undertaking this conference, now needs to maintain the momentum. One way of doing so is for th ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC). The WTO, having initiated an international dialogue on the topic of tourism and climate change by undertaking this conference, now needs to maintain the momentum. One way of doing so is for th ...
Regional Assessment
... was conducted to determine the status of ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (EcoDRR) in Oceania, the role of biodiversity in Eco-DRR and conversely how Eco-DRR contributes to biodiversity in the region. Regional initiatives and frameworks in Eco-DRR were also reviewed. The economic case for Eco ...
... was conducted to determine the status of ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (EcoDRR) in Oceania, the role of biodiversity in Eco-DRR and conversely how Eco-DRR contributes to biodiversity in the region. Regional initiatives and frameworks in Eco-DRR were also reviewed. The economic case for Eco ...
energetics of climate models: net energy
... de Groot and Mazur, 1962] seem very well suited for defining a new point of view for the analysis of the CS [Kleidon and Lorenz, 2005; Lucarini, 2009a] and for understanding its variability and its large‐scale processes, including the atmosphere‐ocean coupling and the hydrological cycle. Moreover, s ...
... de Groot and Mazur, 1962] seem very well suited for defining a new point of view for the analysis of the CS [Kleidon and Lorenz, 2005; Lucarini, 2009a] and for understanding its variability and its large‐scale processes, including the atmosphere‐ocean coupling and the hydrological cycle. Moreover, s ...
Possible impacts on climate change on biocontrol systems in New
... is a key component in integrated pest management programmes (IPM) in some of our largest export crops such as kiwifruit and pipfruit. The biocontrol agents themselves may be self-introduced or intentionally through classical biocontrol. For example, it was estimated that 92 species of natural enemie ...
... is a key component in integrated pest management programmes (IPM) in some of our largest export crops such as kiwifruit and pipfruit. The biocontrol agents themselves may be self-introduced or intentionally through classical biocontrol. For example, it was estimated that 92 species of natural enemie ...
Full-Text PDF
... In ecology, resiliency can be defined as the ability of an ecosystem to absorb disturbance without transitioning into a qualitatively different ecosystem type [1,2]. Western U.S. forests have historically exhibited high resiliency to fire, in that they have generally recovered in the decades followi ...
... In ecology, resiliency can be defined as the ability of an ecosystem to absorb disturbance without transitioning into a qualitatively different ecosystem type [1,2]. Western U.S. forests have historically exhibited high resiliency to fire, in that they have generally recovered in the decades followi ...
Debating Climate Economics: The Stern Review vs
... in a country where World Wars I and II loomed considerably larger than in the US.5 An average global warming of 5o (all temperatures cited here are in degrees Celsius) would cause “a radical change in the physical geography of the world [that] must lead to major changes in the human geography – wher ...
... in a country where World Wars I and II loomed considerably larger than in the US.5 An average global warming of 5o (all temperatures cited here are in degrees Celsius) would cause “a radical change in the physical geography of the world [that] must lead to major changes in the human geography – wher ...
Atlantic National Seashores in Peril
... may offer relief. But when temperatures are in the 100ºs, RMCO also developed new projections of how much the experience could be a lot less enjoyable. hotter year-round (or annual) average temperatures in The good news is that summers in Assateague Island NS the Atlantic national seashores could be ...
... may offer relief. But when temperatures are in the 100ºs, RMCO also developed new projections of how much the experience could be a lot less enjoyable. hotter year-round (or annual) average temperatures in The good news is that summers in Assateague Island NS the Atlantic national seashores could be ...
international conventions, agencies, agreements and programmes
... Over this time period International priorities have also changed. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, for example, the realization that biodiversity was reducing and many species of animals and plants were under threat of extinction because of land use and climate changes. In response to the latter I ...
... Over this time period International priorities have also changed. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, for example, the realization that biodiversity was reducing and many species of animals and plants were under threat of extinction because of land use and climate changes. In response to the latter I ...
CRISIS IN THE SAHEL - The Bixby Center for Population, Health
... rise of 3°C to 5°C (7°F to 10°F) above today’s already high temperatures by 2050. Scientific projections several decades into the future can never be exact, and the forecasts of population and global warming made for 2050 might come a decade sooner or later, but they will occur. The projections for ...
... rise of 3°C to 5°C (7°F to 10°F) above today’s already high temperatures by 2050. Scientific projections several decades into the future can never be exact, and the forecasts of population and global warming made for 2050 might come a decade sooner or later, but they will occur. The projections for ...
Climate of the Past Strength of forest
... following study by Wohlfahrt et al. (2004) showed as well a weak synergy but a stronger contribution by the vegetationatmosphere interaction than Ganopolski et al. (1998). A most recent study indicated that mainly the pure ocean-atmosphere interaction dominated the mid-Holocene temperatures (Otto et ...
... following study by Wohlfahrt et al. (2004) showed as well a weak synergy but a stronger contribution by the vegetationatmosphere interaction than Ganopolski et al. (1998). A most recent study indicated that mainly the pure ocean-atmosphere interaction dominated the mid-Holocene temperatures (Otto et ...
Climate Change and the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary
... change, related to higher or lower streamflow, sea level rise, larger waves, or changes in the magnitude, intensity or location of storms are likely to influence freshwater and nearshore and shallow water habitats most directly. In all cases, though, there was no clear trend related to these changes ...
... change, related to higher or lower streamflow, sea level rise, larger waves, or changes in the magnitude, intensity or location of storms are likely to influence freshwater and nearshore and shallow water habitats most directly. In all cases, though, there was no clear trend related to these changes ...
Sea-level Rise, Storm Surges, and Extreme Precipitation in Coastal
... global mean sea-level rise, melting glaciers (not including the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets) are responsible for about 30%, and each of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and transfer of land water storage to the oceans are each responsible for about 10%. These results indicate that loss ...
... global mean sea-level rise, melting glaciers (not including the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets) are responsible for about 30%, and each of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and transfer of land water storage to the oceans are each responsible for about 10%. These results indicate that loss ...
Russian Far East - Queen`s University Belfast
... chironomids and selected geochemical parameters were analysed and the sediment record was dated with radiocarbon. The study shows Holocene changes in the terrestrial vegetation as well as responses of the lake ecosystem to catchment maturity and multiple stressors, such as climate change and volcani ...
... chironomids and selected geochemical parameters were analysed and the sediment record was dated with radiocarbon. The study shows Holocene changes in the terrestrial vegetation as well as responses of the lake ecosystem to catchment maturity and multiple stressors, such as climate change and volcani ...
Tropical Intraseasonal Variability in 14 IPCC AR4
... Dyn.; Zhang and Mu 2005). However, as pointed by Waliser et al. (2003b), when a model does exhibit a relatively good MJO, one can at best only give vague or plausible explanations for its relative success. This inhibits the extension of current model success to future versions. Factors hypothesized ...
... Dyn.; Zhang and Mu 2005). However, as pointed by Waliser et al. (2003b), when a model does exhibit a relatively good MJO, one can at best only give vague or plausible explanations for its relative success. This inhibits the extension of current model success to future versions. Factors hypothesized ...
Uncertainty contributions to low
... around the year) to r = 1 (maximum strength, all extreme events of low flows occur on the same day). The SI is estimated for observed and simulated low flows. The differences between model simulations (i.e. Q95 and SI estimates) in the reference and future periods are then used to quantify potential ...
... around the year) to r = 1 (maximum strength, all extreme events of low flows occur on the same day). The SI is estimated for observed and simulated low flows. The differences between model simulations (i.e. Q95 and SI estimates) in the reference and future periods are then used to quantify potential ...
Keywords: climate change, land use, gravel-bed rivers
... water and sediment to stream channels. Land use changes, particularly conversion from agriculture to urban land uses, also influence storm discharges and sediment supply (Yorke and Herb, 1978). Because storms and sediment supply represent two of the most significant controlling variables on stream m ...
... water and sediment to stream channels. Land use changes, particularly conversion from agriculture to urban land uses, also influence storm discharges and sediment supply (Yorke and Herb, 1978). Because storms and sediment supply represent two of the most significant controlling variables on stream m ...
Climatic controls on diffuse groundwater
... lead to higher episodic recharge even under projections of decreased total rainfall (Crosbie et al., 2012a; Ng et al., 2010). Most studies that have reported an influence of temperature upon recharge have been for cold climates, and are associated with variations in snowfall, snowmelt and frozen gro ...
... lead to higher episodic recharge even under projections of decreased total rainfall (Crosbie et al., 2012a; Ng et al., 2010). Most studies that have reported an influence of temperature upon recharge have been for cold climates, and are associated with variations in snowfall, snowmelt and frozen gro ...
Assessing an IPCC Assessment: An Analysis of Statements on Projected Regional Impacts in the 2007 Report
... The IPCC Working Group II Report focuses on climate impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. It was found that, in the IPCC’s highest level summary, the conclusions that were derived from the regional chapters of the Working Group II contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report single out examples of ...
... The IPCC Working Group II Report focuses on climate impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. It was found that, in the IPCC’s highest level summary, the conclusions that were derived from the regional chapters of the Working Group II contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report single out examples of ...
KPMG - UNFCCC PSI database report
... • Climate change adaptation is an adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate impacts.1 Adaptation measures can target both climate variability (at an inter-annual scale) as well as longer-term mean climatic changes. • Adaptation is an essential response strategy ...
... • Climate change adaptation is an adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate impacts.1 Adaptation measures can target both climate variability (at an inter-annual scale) as well as longer-term mean climatic changes. • Adaptation is an essential response strategy ...
Multiple Effects of Changes in Arctic Snow Cover
... Abstract Snow cover plays a major role in the climate, hydrological and ecological systems of the Arctic and other regions through its influence on the surface energy balance (e.g. reflectivity), water balance (e.g. water storage and release), thermal regimes (e.g. insulation), vegetation and trace ...
... Abstract Snow cover plays a major role in the climate, hydrological and ecological systems of the Arctic and other regions through its influence on the surface energy balance (e.g. reflectivity), water balance (e.g. water storage and release), thermal regimes (e.g. insulation), vegetation and trace ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).