SADC Policy paper on Climate Change
... All SADC Member States joined an international treaty, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) whose main objective is to stabilize GHG concentrations in the atmosphere. In 1995 and realizing that the emission reductions provisions in the Convention were inadequate, a proc ...
... All SADC Member States joined an international treaty, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) whose main objective is to stabilize GHG concentrations in the atmosphere. In 1995 and realizing that the emission reductions provisions in the Convention were inadequate, a proc ...
HFCs: A Critical Link in Protecting Climate and the Ozone Layer
... substance, relative to that depleted by CFC-11. (CFC-11 has an ODP of 1.0). There are many variants of ODPs. In this report, we use only the steady-state ODP, which is used by the Montreal Protocol. Steady-state ODP is defined by the timeintegrated change of global ozone due to a unit mass emission ...
... substance, relative to that depleted by CFC-11. (CFC-11 has an ODP of 1.0). There are many variants of ODPs. In this report, we use only the steady-state ODP, which is used by the Montreal Protocol. Steady-state ODP is defined by the timeintegrated change of global ozone due to a unit mass emission ...
a proposal for a convention on climate change refugees
... with climate change refugees,7 this Article presents several advances. It provides a more in-depth examination of a climate change refugee legal instrument that draws on multiple areas of the law, including human rights, humanitarian, and international environmental law. It looks to legal precedent ...
... with climate change refugees,7 this Article presents several advances. It provides a more in-depth examination of a climate change refugee legal instrument that draws on multiple areas of the law, including human rights, humanitarian, and international environmental law. It looks to legal precedent ...
POTENTIAL MARKET BARRIERS FOR VOLUNTARY CLIMATE CHANGE
... impacts of climate change. The need for a transition to more sustainable consumption and production patterns is undeniable, and sustainable economic growth must be placed at the heart of future development for all citizens – private and public. The South African private sector is under enormous pres ...
... impacts of climate change. The need for a transition to more sustainable consumption and production patterns is undeniable, and sustainable economic growth must be placed at the heart of future development for all citizens – private and public. The South African private sector is under enormous pres ...
World Bank Document
... (and climate change) along with a vast amount of data and indicators at state and municipal levels. In addition, Mexico routinely and consistently collects quantitative historical data on climate and temperature, and socioeconomic indicators at municipal and state levels. A geographically disaggrega ...
... (and climate change) along with a vast amount of data and indicators at state and municipal levels. In addition, Mexico routinely and consistently collects quantitative historical data on climate and temperature, and socioeconomic indicators at municipal and state levels. A geographically disaggrega ...
Rising Temperatures, Worsening Ozone Pollution
... (the chemical precursors to ozone), ozone’s formation is dependent on temperature, among other conditions. As a result, climate change has the potential to increase ozone pollution—and its health and economic burdens—across large parts of the country both now and in the future. This report from the ...
... (the chemical precursors to ozone), ozone’s formation is dependent on temperature, among other conditions. As a result, climate change has the potential to increase ozone pollution—and its health and economic burdens—across large parts of the country both now and in the future. This report from the ...
Climate change on annual runoff dynamics
... climate evapotranspiration to identify the specific impact of land-use changes on annual runoff changes (∆R) in a developing coastal watershed, Jiulong River Watershed, southeast China. This agricultural watershed has experienced an increase in annual runoff along with increase in precipitation over ...
... climate evapotranspiration to identify the specific impact of land-use changes on annual runoff changes (∆R) in a developing coastal watershed, Jiulong River Watershed, southeast China. This agricultural watershed has experienced an increase in annual runoff along with increase in precipitation over ...
Controls on Northern Hemisphere snow albedo feedback quantified
... (Table 1) that we hypothesize may also apply to interannual variability. Essentially, if snowpack albedo drops quicker in a given location or year so as to increase the metamorphosis component, the relative albedo change between snow free and snow covered ground will be lower so the snow cover compo ...
... (Table 1) that we hypothesize may also apply to interannual variability. Essentially, if snowpack albedo drops quicker in a given location or year so as to increase the metamorphosis component, the relative albedo change between snow free and snow covered ground will be lower so the snow cover compo ...
Proceedings of the European Conference on Biodiversity and
... Climate change is arguably one of the most significant conservation challenges of the 21st century. Not only will there be direct climate change with effects on biodiversity but also societal mitigation and adaptation measures may seriously impact on biodiversity. In the light of a changing climate ...
... Climate change is arguably one of the most significant conservation challenges of the 21st century. Not only will there be direct climate change with effects on biodiversity but also societal mitigation and adaptation measures may seriously impact on biodiversity. In the light of a changing climate ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE LIMITED
... A. A2 Scenario (scenario without significant reduction in emissions) ..................................................38 1. Changes in rainfall ...................................................................................................................38 2. Changes in temperature............ ...
... A. A2 Scenario (scenario without significant reduction in emissions) ..................................................38 1. Changes in rainfall ...................................................................................................................38 2. Changes in temperature............ ...
2005 International Project Spotlight: Belize Barrier Reef
... observed increase could be largely due to this natural variability; alternatively this variability and other human factors could have offset a still larger human-induced greenhouse warming. The unequivocal detection of the enhanced greenhouse effect from observations is not likely for a decade or mo ...
... observed increase could be largely due to this natural variability; alternatively this variability and other human factors could have offset a still larger human-induced greenhouse warming. The unequivocal detection of the enhanced greenhouse effect from observations is not likely for a decade or mo ...
Analyzing precipitationsheds to understand the vulnerability of
... van der Ent et al., 2010). This suggests that terrestrial vegetation, and its associated evaporation, is a critical factor for downwind precipitation. Indeed, humans have already altered regional and global evaporation through land use and land cover change (Gordon et al., 2005; Rost et al., 2008) l ...
... van der Ent et al., 2010). This suggests that terrestrial vegetation, and its associated evaporation, is a critical factor for downwind precipitation. Indeed, humans have already altered regional and global evaporation through land use and land cover change (Gordon et al., 2005; Rost et al., 2008) l ...
Full Report (PDF)
... dairy is one of the staples of the American diet. The practices within the dairy industry of the United States have changed quite a bit over the past century. In the early 20th century the majority of dairy farms were pasture-based, required low input to maintain and had relatively low milk producti ...
... dairy is one of the staples of the American diet. The practices within the dairy industry of the United States have changed quite a bit over the past century. In the early 20th century the majority of dairy farms were pasture-based, required low input to maintain and had relatively low milk producti ...
Panama and the Specter of Climate Change
... nations and the indigenous nations of the Arctic region, may cease to exist as their habitats disappear along with their cultures, civilizations and entire way of life.'12 These nations also lack the resources to deal with storms, rising sea levels, unpredictable weather patterns and other impending ...
... nations and the indigenous nations of the Arctic region, may cease to exist as their habitats disappear along with their cultures, civilizations and entire way of life.'12 These nations also lack the resources to deal with storms, rising sea levels, unpredictable weather patterns and other impending ...
Human Effects of Climate-Related Changes in
... multi-decadal climate cycles, known as “regime shifts,” also occur. The effects of “global climate change,” or worldwide warming associated with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, are superimposed on these short- and medium-term natural cycles of climate variability. 2. Significant correlati ...
... multi-decadal climate cycles, known as “regime shifts,” also occur. The effects of “global climate change,” or worldwide warming associated with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, are superimposed on these short- and medium-term natural cycles of climate variability. 2. Significant correlati ...
Using Remote Sensing to Quantify Vegetation Change and
... Southern African Savannas and Resilience Climate change is expected to exert significant influence on savanna vegetation, as spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation are strongly correlated with vegetation composition [11–15]. Changes in global ocean-atmosphere interactions and resultant preci ...
... Southern African Savannas and Resilience Climate change is expected to exert significant influence on savanna vegetation, as spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation are strongly correlated with vegetation composition [11–15]. Changes in global ocean-atmosphere interactions and resultant preci ...
Human Intervention in the Earth`s Climate: The Governance of
... order to address some of the impacts associated with climate change. Examples for how this might be achieved include introducing reflective aerosol particles into the stratosphere, or increasing the brightness of marine clouds by seeding them with sea-salt particles. While analyses suggest that thes ...
... order to address some of the impacts associated with climate change. Examples for how this might be achieved include introducing reflective aerosol particles into the stratosphere, or increasing the brightness of marine clouds by seeding them with sea-salt particles. While analyses suggest that thes ...
Is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change an
... impacts will require some degree of cooperation and coordination at the international level, and the institutions created to that purpose will need to be critically assessed to ensure their effectiveness, yet his process has only just begun to emerge in the literature on global climate governance (T ...
... impacts will require some degree of cooperation and coordination at the international level, and the institutions created to that purpose will need to be critically assessed to ensure their effectiveness, yet his process has only just begun to emerge in the literature on global climate governance (T ...
Adaptation Finance - Center For Global Development
... considerable good will and effort have not yielded easily to any serious reforms5, need to be set aside. For adaptation transfers it is possible to imagine a fresh start, less burdened than is the official aid system by such problems as high transactions costs, considerable fragmentation (with well ...
... considerable good will and effort have not yielded easily to any serious reforms5, need to be set aside. For adaptation transfers it is possible to imagine a fresh start, less burdened than is the official aid system by such problems as high transactions costs, considerable fragmentation (with well ...
Climate Protection as a World Citizen Movement
... Climate Protection as a World Citizen Movement Special Report Climate Protection as a World Citizen Movement ...
... Climate Protection as a World Citizen Movement Special Report Climate Protection as a World Citizen Movement ...
Climate Change Impacts on Land Use Planning and Coastal
... Increasing scientific evidence over the last two decades suggests that human emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, may be affecting the natural rhythm of climate variability.1 These changes to the global climate system include warmer temper ...
... Increasing scientific evidence over the last two decades suggests that human emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, may be affecting the natural rhythm of climate variability.1 These changes to the global climate system include warmer temper ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).