reducing black carbon emissions
... Administration (NASA) has estimated that the “soot effect on snow albedo may be responsible for a quarter of observed global warming.” iv ...
... Administration (NASA) has estimated that the “soot effect on snow albedo may be responsible for a quarter of observed global warming.” iv ...
Coherence among the Northern Hemisphere land, cryosphere, and
... or the interannual changes in the trends are negligible. Our analysis suggests that sea ice decline-related CO2 release may outweigh increased CO2 uptake through longer growing seasons and higher temperatures. The direct effects of variation in solar radiation and leading teleconnections, at least i ...
... or the interannual changes in the trends are negligible. Our analysis suggests that sea ice decline-related CO2 release may outweigh increased CO2 uptake through longer growing seasons and higher temperatures. The direct effects of variation in solar radiation and leading teleconnections, at least i ...
Climate Change in Turkmenistan - Grand Valley State University
... these institutional transformations, affecting vegetation–climate feedbacks at multiple spatial and temporal scales. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), developing nations and arid regions of the world are particularly vulnerable to cli ...
... these institutional transformations, affecting vegetation–climate feedbacks at multiple spatial and temporal scales. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), developing nations and arid regions of the world are particularly vulnerable to cli ...
The IPCC Special Report on Carbon dioxide Capture and
... Prospective areas in sedimentary basins where suitable saline formations, oil or gas fields, or coal beds may be found. Locations for storage in coal beds are only partly included. Prospectivity is a qualitative assessment of the likelihood that a suitable storage location is present in a given area ...
... Prospective areas in sedimentary basins where suitable saline formations, oil or gas fields, or coal beds may be found. Locations for storage in coal beds are only partly included. Prospectivity is a qualitative assessment of the likelihood that a suitable storage location is present in a given area ...
Reportforthe IADB(Draft)
... El Salvador has severe environmental degradation and increasing vulnerability before climate change, therefore the following specific problems have been identified: 1) Degradation of high value ecosystems: the ecosystems that are critical to El Salvador are the mangroves, gallery forests, biologica ...
... El Salvador has severe environmental degradation and increasing vulnerability before climate change, therefore the following specific problems have been identified: 1) Degradation of high value ecosystems: the ecosystems that are critical to El Salvador are the mangroves, gallery forests, biologica ...
CCRIF’s Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA) Initiative Study
... well as through membership fees paid by participating governments. CCRIF recently launched a technical assistance programme which includes three components, one of which focuses on building technical capacity in the region for climate adaptation and under which this ECA Study falls. CaribRM, CCRIF’s ...
... well as through membership fees paid by participating governments. CCRIF recently launched a technical assistance programme which includes three components, one of which focuses on building technical capacity in the region for climate adaptation and under which this ECA Study falls. CaribRM, CCRIF’s ...
Journal of Climate (Proof Only)
... Robock et al. (2008) were the first to utilize a climate model with a dynamical ocean and sea ice to investigate the transient response to geoengineering with stratospheric sulfur injections. They simulated both tropical and arctic instantaneous injections and found that the effect of arctic injecti ...
... Robock et al. (2008) were the first to utilize a climate model with a dynamical ocean and sea ice to investigate the transient response to geoengineering with stratospheric sulfur injections. They simulated both tropical and arctic instantaneous injections and found that the effect of arctic injecti ...
Effects of Global Warming Lesson Plan
... Paul Ratner, an immunologist with the American College of Allergies. "It's definitely bad news for people who have allergies." Asthma and other respiratory ailments are already on the rise in much of the world. The World Health Organization estimates that 300 million people globally have asthma, wit ...
... Paul Ratner, an immunologist with the American College of Allergies. "It's definitely bad news for people who have allergies." Asthma and other respiratory ailments are already on the rise in much of the world. The World Health Organization estimates that 300 million people globally have asthma, wit ...
Center for Biological Diversity v. County of San Bernardino
... “You could have a credit. It just might not be worth anything. You could have quantified it. You could have registered it. You could be meeting all these tests. But the question is, what are you going to do with it at the end of the day? . . . That’s what we really don’t know at this point.” Mary Ni ...
... “You could have a credit. It just might not be worth anything. You could have quantified it. You could have registered it. You could be meeting all these tests. But the question is, what are you going to do with it at the end of the day? . . . That’s what we really don’t know at this point.” Mary Ni ...
Stand alone and web based decision support systems for climate
... measure(s) might be problematic in Europe Knowledge exchange and network building is important, and shared conceptual frameworks developed upon the main policy references may help Integrated assessment frameworks can provide significant contributions to facilitate the process of mainstreaming CCA in ...
... measure(s) might be problematic in Europe Knowledge exchange and network building is important, and shared conceptual frameworks developed upon the main policy references may help Integrated assessment frameworks can provide significant contributions to facilitate the process of mainstreaming CCA in ...
Planetary atmospheres
... • Greenhouse effect could keep surface T > 0 C, as long as volcanoes kept ...
... • Greenhouse effect could keep surface T > 0 C, as long as volcanoes kept ...
Climate change in New Brunswick (Canada): statistical downscaling
... precipitation by 3 to 15 % globally in the 21st century. However, specific regional projections about the impact of climate change are hampered by the limited spatial resolution of global circulation models, making it difficult to determine the degree of climate change, how fast it will happen, and ...
... precipitation by 3 to 15 % globally in the 21st century. However, specific regional projections about the impact of climate change are hampered by the limited spatial resolution of global circulation models, making it difficult to determine the degree of climate change, how fast it will happen, and ...
All Climate Change is Local: Understanding and Predicting the
... climate change, depending on how close organisms are living to their environmental limits and their thermal optima. Which species or populations are “winners” or “losers” may be determined by comparing the performance curves of a range of species under different climate scenarios. Invasive species a ...
... climate change, depending on how close organisms are living to their environmental limits and their thermal optima. Which species or populations are “winners” or “losers” may be determined by comparing the performance curves of a range of species under different climate scenarios. Invasive species a ...
NEWSLETTER - UU Ministry for Earth
... Congregational Study Action Issue (CSAI) that will be crafted into an SOC in four years. The topics include: A National Conversation On Race; Climate Change and Environmental Justice (see article on page 10); The Corruption of Our Democracy; and Ending Gun Violence in America. In building sustainabl ...
... Congregational Study Action Issue (CSAI) that will be crafted into an SOC in four years. The topics include: A National Conversation On Race; Climate Change and Environmental Justice (see article on page 10); The Corruption of Our Democracy; and Ending Gun Violence in America. In building sustainabl ...
Climate change and journalistic norms: A case-study of US mass-media coverage V
... these normative orders consistently intersect, here we speciWcally place our critical gaze on how interacting journalistic norms shape news coverage of anthropogenic climate change.2 Climate change is one of the most serious environmental risks of the twenty-Wrst century.3 Nevertheless, the prospect ...
... these normative orders consistently intersect, here we speciWcally place our critical gaze on how interacting journalistic norms shape news coverage of anthropogenic climate change.2 Climate change is one of the most serious environmental risks of the twenty-Wrst century.3 Nevertheless, the prospect ...
extreme events and climate change
... Group I: incontestable evidence of climate change and its attribution to human intervention linking greenhouse gases to climate change. Group II: Impacts are undeniable and can be traced as additional stress sustainable development. Local impacts are aggravated by development, physical and structura ...
... Group I: incontestable evidence of climate change and its attribution to human intervention linking greenhouse gases to climate change. Group II: Impacts are undeniable and can be traced as additional stress sustainable development. Local impacts are aggravated by development, physical and structura ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... The IWG2010 report noted that, concerning the low end of the ECS distribution, its determination reflected a greater degree of certainty that a low ECS value could be excluded than did the IPCC. From the IWG2010 (p. 14): “Finally, we note the IPCC judgment that the equilibrium climate sensitivity “ ...
... The IWG2010 report noted that, concerning the low end of the ECS distribution, its determination reflected a greater degree of certainty that a low ECS value could be excluded than did the IPCC. From the IWG2010 (p. 14): “Finally, we note the IPCC judgment that the equilibrium climate sensitivity “ ...
Human Impacts on Climate: A Broader View than Reported in the IPCC
... anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its ra ...
... anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its ra ...
Climate change and journalistic norms: A case - UNC
... these normative orders consistently intersect, here we speciWcally place our critical gaze on how interacting journalistic norms shape news coverage of anthropogenic climate change.2 Climate change is one of the most serious environmental risks of the twenty-Wrst century.3 Nevertheless, the prospect ...
... these normative orders consistently intersect, here we speciWcally place our critical gaze on how interacting journalistic norms shape news coverage of anthropogenic climate change.2 Climate change is one of the most serious environmental risks of the twenty-Wrst century.3 Nevertheless, the prospect ...
Support for businesses
... economic depression abroad, food scarcity and environmental refugees could also significantly impact upon our lives in the UK. Climate change will be felt directly at home, too. Here in Gloucestershire, average annual temperatures have risen by 1°C over the last 60 years; Cheltenham held the record ...
... economic depression abroad, food scarcity and environmental refugees could also significantly impact upon our lives in the UK. Climate change will be felt directly at home, too. Here in Gloucestershire, average annual temperatures have risen by 1°C over the last 60 years; Cheltenham held the record ...
4 Climate change impacts in a context of full
... Estimates of the social cost of carbon are not just academic exercises. Governments and/or public administrations are using these values to guide their climate change policy decisions. For instance US governmental agencies are supported on cost-benefit analyses of regulatory actions that impact cumu ...
... Estimates of the social cost of carbon are not just academic exercises. Governments and/or public administrations are using these values to guide their climate change policy decisions. For instance US governmental agencies are supported on cost-benefit analyses of regulatory actions that impact cumu ...
Sea level by the end of the 21st century: A review
... just less than half the size of the United for what scientists refer to as an “albedo 2006). Two-thirds of Greenland’s sea lev6WDWHV 7KLV ¿JXUH LV DERXW SHUFHQW ÀLS´$OEHGRLVDPHDVXUHRIWKHUHÀHFWLY- el contribution is due to glacier dynamics less than the previous all-time low re- it ...
... just less than half the size of the United for what scientists refer to as an “albedo 2006). Two-thirds of Greenland’s sea lev6WDWHV 7KLV ¿JXUH LV DERXW SHUFHQW ÀLS´$OEHGRLVDPHDVXUHRIWKHUHÀHFWLY- el contribution is due to glacier dynamics less than the previous all-time low re- it ...
Natural Variability, Anthropogenic Climate Change, and Impacts on
... March) that supplies most of the year’s precipitation is heavily affected by climate fluctuations. In other areas, such as the eastern part of the United States, each season has the potential to contribute significantly to the annual total at that location. But in California, the warm-season months ...
... March) that supplies most of the year’s precipitation is heavily affected by climate fluctuations. In other areas, such as the eastern part of the United States, each season has the potential to contribute significantly to the annual total at that location. But in California, the warm-season months ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).