Towards a typology for constrained climate model forecasts
... observable quantities that, on the basis of the evidence available, the model appears capable of simulating for at least some settings of the parameters Θ; M2, metrics in which the individual contributions to r2 from different observation-types are renormalized by the error in the best available (or ...
... observable quantities that, on the basis of the evidence available, the model appears capable of simulating for at least some settings of the parameters Θ; M2, metrics in which the individual contributions to r2 from different observation-types are renormalized by the error in the best available (or ...
PDF
... tourism, forestry, fisheries, extreme events, energy supply; Ciscar, (2009) on sealevel rise, agriculture, tourism, river floods). ...
... tourism, forestry, fisheries, extreme events, energy supply; Ciscar, (2009) on sealevel rise, agriculture, tourism, river floods). ...
Cambodia - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
... in rural areas. Weak adaptive capacity, poor infrastructure, and limited institutions exacerbate the country’s vulnerability to climate variability and change. Indeed, floods and droughts are recognized by the government as one of the main drivers of poverty. During the 20-year period from 1987 to 2 ...
... in rural areas. Weak adaptive capacity, poor infrastructure, and limited institutions exacerbate the country’s vulnerability to climate variability and change. Indeed, floods and droughts are recognized by the government as one of the main drivers of poverty. During the 20-year period from 1987 to 2 ...
Managing Water Resources for Climate Change
... calculate impact The impacts of climate change are calculated through the use of scientific models called Global Circulation Models (GCM). There are a number of such models, and each is based on slightly different assumptions or rules. Because of the number of different factors affecting the global ...
... calculate impact The impacts of climate change are calculated through the use of scientific models called Global Circulation Models (GCM). There are a number of such models, and each is based on slightly different assumptions or rules. Because of the number of different factors affecting the global ...
Confronting Climate Change in California
... Ask students to observe current, and to research past, news coverage (say over the past year) on global warming. Ask them to make lists of the topics covered (new scientific discoveries, national and international political developments, discussion of climate change impacts, etc.), the people interv ...
... Ask students to observe current, and to research past, news coverage (say over the past year) on global warming. Ask them to make lists of the topics covered (new scientific discoveries, national and international political developments, discussion of climate change impacts, etc.), the people interv ...
Oxford College - Campus | Oxford Learning College
... ultimately transported to the ocean and deposited, where they combine with carbon dioxide to form solid precipitates. To fuel this process, carbon dioxide is drawn from the atmosphere, causing a fall in atmospheric levels. As atmospheric carbon dioxide plays a major role in retaining the Earth’s hea ...
... ultimately transported to the ocean and deposited, where they combine with carbon dioxide to form solid precipitates. To fuel this process, carbon dioxide is drawn from the atmosphere, causing a fall in atmospheric levels. As atmospheric carbon dioxide plays a major role in retaining the Earth’s hea ...
Climate Topline Mess.. - The Regeneration Project
... A super majority of Americans want a clean energy future. Reducing global warming requires a cap on carbon pollution. A cap will generate private and public investments in clean energy technology, and create millions of new jobs. Let’s lead the global clean energy revolution. If we build it, they wi ...
... A super majority of Americans want a clean energy future. Reducing global warming requires a cap on carbon pollution. A cap will generate private and public investments in clean energy technology, and create millions of new jobs. Let’s lead the global clean energy revolution. If we build it, they wi ...
Sustainable Enterprise
... promising growth markets in the use of biomass feedstock’s. These can be used to create new bio-based materials such as polymers, fuels and chemicals, applied bio surfaces, and biomedical materials. The company’s goal is to have 25 percent of its revenue come from such non-depletable resources, and ...
... promising growth markets in the use of biomass feedstock’s. These can be used to create new bio-based materials such as polymers, fuels and chemicals, applied bio surfaces, and biomedical materials. The company’s goal is to have 25 percent of its revenue come from such non-depletable resources, and ...
View/Open
... years old. It has been able to easily grow this year through the worst winter that London has had for some time, with four snows (Fig. 6). It’s just one example of the tolerance of plants to climatic change. We should not assume that the present distributional range reflects the future distributiona ...
... years old. It has been able to easily grow this year through the worst winter that London has had for some time, with four snows (Fig. 6). It’s just one example of the tolerance of plants to climatic change. We should not assume that the present distributional range reflects the future distributiona ...
SAN Climate Module - Rainforest Alliance
... The implementation of the Sustainable Agriculture Standard has generated positive environmental and social impacts and more rewarding, stable markets for producers. Rainforest Alliance Certified™ farms – those which meet the criteria of the Sustainable Agriculture Standard – are taking actions that ...
... The implementation of the Sustainable Agriculture Standard has generated positive environmental and social impacts and more rewarding, stable markets for producers. Rainforest Alliance Certified™ farms – those which meet the criteria of the Sustainable Agriculture Standard – are taking actions that ...
Publication - World Vision International
... the period from June to September. Sharing from the local showed that there have been significant changes in frequency, magnitude and intensity of natural disaster hazards during current years, resulting bad effects to the living environment as well as livelihood of the local people in Hai Phong. Ob ...
... the period from June to September. Sharing from the local showed that there have been significant changes in frequency, magnitude and intensity of natural disaster hazards during current years, resulting bad effects to the living environment as well as livelihood of the local people in Hai Phong. Ob ...
Sample Multiple Choice Test Items by Strand and
... B. a narrow band of wavelengths that is entirely visible light. C. mostly long wavelengths that become heat energy. D. a range of many wavelengths from long to very short. ...
... B. a narrow band of wavelengths that is entirely visible light. C. mostly long wavelengths that become heat energy. D. a range of many wavelengths from long to very short. ...
RELEVANT, IMMEDIATE, LOCAL: GUIDE TO
... centres and food bowl regions. Hotter and drier conditions have also led to increasing bushfire risk. ...
... centres and food bowl regions. Hotter and drier conditions have also led to increasing bushfire risk. ...
Climate Change Negotiations: The United Nations Framework
... Despite the voluntary pledges made under the Convention, greenhouse gas emissions in many developed countries continued to rise. As a result, a number of nations approved an addition to the treaty and, in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was finalized under the Convention. The Kyoto Protocol has more powerf ...
... Despite the voluntary pledges made under the Convention, greenhouse gas emissions in many developed countries continued to rise. As a result, a number of nations approved an addition to the treaty and, in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was finalized under the Convention. The Kyoto Protocol has more powerf ...
3. Global change scenarios
... change (Lambin et al. 2000) and offer a unique opportunity to link economic elements with ecological and biophysical elements (Buysse et al. 2007). Scaling is a major issue in land use/cover change modelling (Verburg et. al. 2006); since land use is the result of multiple processes that act on diffe ...
... change (Lambin et al. 2000) and offer a unique opportunity to link economic elements with ecological and biophysical elements (Buysse et al. 2007). Scaling is a major issue in land use/cover change modelling (Verburg et. al. 2006); since land use is the result of multiple processes that act on diffe ...
hamlet_poster_PACLIM_apr_2003
... substantially different responses to regional warming and the changes in precipitation projected by the scenarios. The most sensitive to warming are the ski areas influenced by the maritime climate west of the Cascades and at moderate elevations (e.g. Snoqualmie Pass and Stevens Pass). Areas with co ...
... substantially different responses to regional warming and the changes in precipitation projected by the scenarios. The most sensitive to warming are the ski areas influenced by the maritime climate west of the Cascades and at moderate elevations (e.g. Snoqualmie Pass and Stevens Pass). Areas with co ...
Science Sample Items
... Benchmark PS-M-C3: understanding that the Sun is a major source of energy and that energy arrives at Earth’s surface as light with a range of wavelengths Denise was driving east over a hill in the afternoon, shortly after a rain shower. Suddenly the sun broke through the clouds, and she saw a rainbo ...
... Benchmark PS-M-C3: understanding that the Sun is a major source of energy and that energy arrives at Earth’s surface as light with a range of wavelengths Denise was driving east over a hill in the afternoon, shortly after a rain shower. Suddenly the sun broke through the clouds, and she saw a rainbo ...
Risks, opportunities, and adaptation to climate change
... average precipitation over land has increased 1% during the 20th century, and average sea level has risen 10 to 25 cm (IPCC 1996a). The character of rainfall also may be changing. For example, the area of the United States that has been affected by extreme rainfall events (i.e. at least 5 cm d–1) ha ...
... average precipitation over land has increased 1% during the 20th century, and average sea level has risen 10 to 25 cm (IPCC 1996a). The character of rainfall also may be changing. For example, the area of the United States that has been affected by extreme rainfall events (i.e. at least 5 cm d–1) ha ...
pdf
... abandon its spillages unattended to. It would claim sabotage as the cause of the spill. 2.2 The Legal Regime on Gas Flaring in Nigeria. The Nigerian government first moved to end gas flaring in 1969, when it ordered corporations to set up infrastructure to utilize associated gas. It later passed the ...
... abandon its spillages unattended to. It would claim sabotage as the cause of the spill. 2.2 The Legal Regime on Gas Flaring in Nigeria. The Nigerian government first moved to end gas flaring in 1969, when it ordered corporations to set up infrastructure to utilize associated gas. It later passed the ...
The climate of the Mediterranean region: research progress and
... Climate Index (UTCI). This is meant to provide a framework for considering the effects of climatic conditions on human beings and to help stake holders to make any necessary adaptations and become more resilient to the foreseen climate change. Grapes, olives and wheat are economically very important ...
... Climate Index (UTCI). This is meant to provide a framework for considering the effects of climatic conditions on human beings and to help stake holders to make any necessary adaptations and become more resilient to the foreseen climate change. Grapes, olives and wheat are economically very important ...
1B: Follow the Energy! Earth`s Dynamic Climate System
... Climate responds directly to these changes, and indirectly through numerous feedback mechanisms. Solar radiation intercepted and absorbed by Earth drives our planet’s climate system. Earth responds to this acquired energy through the emission of long-wave infrared radiation (IR) as its climate syst ...
... Climate responds directly to these changes, and indirectly through numerous feedback mechanisms. Solar radiation intercepted and absorbed by Earth drives our planet’s climate system. Earth responds to this acquired energy through the emission of long-wave infrared radiation (IR) as its climate syst ...
Print - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
... There is no clear trend in precipitation changes at the national level, but a greater inclination toward decline in rainfall has been observed, especially on the coast. Increasing trend of rising temperature in water basins has been observed. The rural coastal zone does not show any clear positive t ...
... There is no clear trend in precipitation changes at the national level, but a greater inclination toward decline in rainfall has been observed, especially on the coast. Increasing trend of rising temperature in water basins has been observed. The rural coastal zone does not show any clear positive t ...
FROM THE HARPOON TO THE HEATEAT
... temperatures when a portion of this radiation is reflected back to the Earth’s surface, the phenomenon known as “radiative forcing.”14 Climate researchers have concluded that increased concentrations of greenhouse gases are responsible for the increase in average global temperatures of about 0.6º C ...
... temperatures when a portion of this radiation is reflected back to the Earth’s surface, the phenomenon known as “radiative forcing.”14 Climate researchers have concluded that increased concentrations of greenhouse gases are responsible for the increase in average global temperatures of about 0.6º C ...
Uncertainties in future projections of extreme precipitation in the
... filter, which has more impact at higher percentiles due to the wider spread of data on the log-scale (this is appropriate given the lower sampling at higher percentiles). The right hand y-axis of Fig. 3 represents the percentage change in the intensity of the heaviest precipitation events in the mod ...
... filter, which has more impact at higher percentiles due to the wider spread of data on the log-scale (this is appropriate given the lower sampling at higher percentiles). The right hand y-axis of Fig. 3 represents the percentage change in the intensity of the heaviest precipitation events in the mod ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).