Trends in Economic and Insured Losses from Weather-Related Events: a new analysis
... of confidence in the detection and attribution of trends. Globallyconsistent satellite observations have only been available since the 1980s, and 30 years is a short time period over which to detect trends in extreme weather events at a local level because, by definition, these are rare events. Glob ...
... of confidence in the detection and attribution of trends. Globallyconsistent satellite observations have only been available since the 1980s, and 30 years is a short time period over which to detect trends in extreme weather events at a local level because, by definition, these are rare events. Glob ...
WCRP Grand Challenge: Regional Sea Level Change and Coastal
... Over the coming decades, regional sea level changes and variability will significantly deviate from global mean values. The detailed sea level change along coastlines can therefore potentially be far ...
... Over the coming decades, regional sea level changes and variability will significantly deviate from global mean values. The detailed sea level change along coastlines can therefore potentially be far ...
Including land use, land-use change, and forestry in future climate
... that support the highest carbon stocks will not, in many cases, be compatible with the best use of the land from a wider societal perspective. For instance, both cropland and tree plantations are high-priority land uses with lower carbon stock potential than, in most cases, native vegetation. Conseq ...
... that support the highest carbon stocks will not, in many cases, be compatible with the best use of the land from a wider societal perspective. For instance, both cropland and tree plantations are high-priority land uses with lower carbon stock potential than, in most cases, native vegetation. Conseq ...
Great Lakes Restoration and the Threat of Global Warming
... recommendations for curbing global warming while at the same time preserving the resilience and adaptive capacity of the Great Lakes ecosystem. The lakes likely will experience a wide range of negative impacts as air and water temperatures increase. ...
... recommendations for curbing global warming while at the same time preserving the resilience and adaptive capacity of the Great Lakes ecosystem. The lakes likely will experience a wide range of negative impacts as air and water temperatures increase. ...
Climate Change and Hazard Zonation in the Circum
... Abstract. The permafrost regions currently occupy about one quarter of the Earth’s land area. Climate-change scenarios indicate that global warming will be amplified in the polar regions, and could lead to a large reduction in the geographic extent of permafrost. Development of natural resources, t ...
... Abstract. The permafrost regions currently occupy about one quarter of the Earth’s land area. Climate-change scenarios indicate that global warming will be amplified in the polar regions, and could lead to a large reduction in the geographic extent of permafrost. Development of natural resources, t ...
Effects of Seasonal Weather on Breeding Phenology
... Animal populations occurring at high elevations are often assumed to be in peril of extinctions or local extirpations due to elevational-dispersal limitations and thermoregulatory constraints as habitats change and warm. However, long-term monitoring of high-elevation populations is uncommon relativ ...
... Animal populations occurring at high elevations are often assumed to be in peril of extinctions or local extirpations due to elevational-dispersal limitations and thermoregulatory constraints as habitats change and warm. However, long-term monitoring of high-elevation populations is uncommon relativ ...
the peterson perspective
... anywhere in the world during World War II, thus, there could not possibly have been any type of commercial jet engine airplane contrails in existence over the United States. Narrator: altitudes.” ...
... anywhere in the world during World War II, thus, there could not possibly have been any type of commercial jet engine airplane contrails in existence over the United States. Narrator: altitudes.” ...
Non-Economic Loss and Damage Caused by Climatic
... The evidence provided here demonstrates the challenges of exploring noneconomic losses and damages associated with climate change and the danger of using market values to capture the importance of these items. Research collected suggests several villages in South-West Bangladesh have experienced sig ...
... The evidence provided here demonstrates the challenges of exploring noneconomic losses and damages associated with climate change and the danger of using market values to capture the importance of these items. Research collected suggests several villages in South-West Bangladesh have experienced sig ...
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... in the drier, northern states. Even though such irrigation programs were not implemented as part of adaptation to climate change, they have helped farmers to adapt well to climate change. Niger also offers a good example of tree planting and protection, which was successful due to the Rural Code, wh ...
... in the drier, northern states. Even though such irrigation programs were not implemented as part of adaptation to climate change, they have helped farmers to adapt well to climate change. Niger also offers a good example of tree planting and protection, which was successful due to the Rural Code, wh ...
Compact of Mayors
... inventories must be dated between 2013 and 2016. Over time, the Compact of Mayors would like cities to update their inventories on a more frequent / annual basis to improve monitoring and reporting of city-wide GHG emissions. In between years when inventories are updated, ‘off-year reporting’, citie ...
... inventories must be dated between 2013 and 2016. Over time, the Compact of Mayors would like cities to update their inventories on a more frequent / annual basis to improve monitoring and reporting of city-wide GHG emissions. In between years when inventories are updated, ‘off-year reporting’, citie ...
Management of Federally Owned Grasslands in the Climate Change
... Temperate grasslands are characterized by low annual moisture (most of which occurs in the summer), frequent fire, and conversion of dead grass left from the previous year being incorporated into the soil when warm, moist conditions return in the spring.16 The grasslands located on land owned by the ...
... Temperate grasslands are characterized by low annual moisture (most of which occurs in the summer), frequent fire, and conversion of dead grass left from the previous year being incorporated into the soil when warm, moist conditions return in the spring.16 The grasslands located on land owned by the ...
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... respectively. As part of the study, Finnish investors receive free access to an Excel based tool that allows them to run their own Finnish investments against the companies listed on Nasdaq Helsinki. The tool can be found on Sitra’s website, www.sitra.fi. ...
... respectively. As part of the study, Finnish investors receive free access to an Excel based tool that allows them to run their own Finnish investments against the companies listed on Nasdaq Helsinki. The tool can be found on Sitra’s website, www.sitra.fi. ...
The Precautionary Principle: Relevance in International Law
... The precautionary principle2 is a policy framework that addresses risks in cases involving uncertainty and ignorance, as in the case of climate change. It was originally formulated as a response to the constraints of policy and science in sufficiently addressing complex and uncertain risks and its c ...
... The precautionary principle2 is a policy framework that addresses risks in cases involving uncertainty and ignorance, as in the case of climate change. It was originally formulated as a response to the constraints of policy and science in sufficiently addressing complex and uncertain risks and its c ...
Swinomish Indian Tribal Community
... Swinomish Office of Planning & Community Development, in partnership with the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group (CIG), and with further scientific assistance from Skagit River System Cooperative (SRSC). The report describes the scientific data and potential climate change scenarios, ass ...
... Swinomish Office of Planning & Community Development, in partnership with the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group (CIG), and with further scientific assistance from Skagit River System Cooperative (SRSC). The report describes the scientific data and potential climate change scenarios, ass ...
A Global Response to HFCs through Fair and
... One argument against the introduction of HFC control schedules into the Montreal Protocol has been that HFCs are already included under the climate regime. This ignores the distinction of production and consumption controls under Montreal and emissions controls under Kyoto. Furthermore, it is by no ...
... One argument against the introduction of HFC control schedules into the Montreal Protocol has been that HFCs are already included under the climate regime. This ignores the distinction of production and consumption controls under Montreal and emissions controls under Kyoto. Furthermore, it is by no ...
The National Climate Change Programme (NCCP), a unit within the
... criteria required for project evaluation and approval. In the same line, CORDELIM will provide CCU with technical support on the formulation of CDM related policies and strategy. CORDELIM shares its Board of Directors with the National Committee on Climate Change. At the moment CODELIM is staffed by ...
... criteria required for project evaluation and approval. In the same line, CORDELIM will provide CCU with technical support on the formulation of CDM related policies and strategy. CORDELIM shares its Board of Directors with the National Committee on Climate Change. At the moment CODELIM is staffed by ...
Preparing for coastal change - Ministry for the Environment
... For longer planning and decision timeframes beyond the end of this century, we recommend an additional allowance for sea-level rise of 10 mm per year beyond 2100. Table 1 summarises these baseline sea-level rise recommendations to guide the risk assessment processes for shorter planning and decision ...
... For longer planning and decision timeframes beyond the end of this century, we recommend an additional allowance for sea-level rise of 10 mm per year beyond 2100. Table 1 summarises these baseline sea-level rise recommendations to guide the risk assessment processes for shorter planning and decision ...
PREPARING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE: An Implementation Guide
... and drought. The global climate has changed over long periods of time as a result of natural causes. However, more recent and rapid climate change is being attributed to human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and land use changes.2 Historical measurements indicate that British Columbia’s cli ...
... and drought. The global climate has changed over long periods of time as a result of natural causes. However, more recent and rapid climate change is being attributed to human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and land use changes.2 Historical measurements indicate that British Columbia’s cli ...
Methods in World History
... mission is different from ours. It is to find ways to resist ideological tendencies and temptations – varieties of Eurocentrism being seemingly the most important and pressing one. Quite frequently, Western historians have accused other – mainly Western – historians of treating Europe as a model for ...
... mission is different from ours. It is to find ways to resist ideological tendencies and temptations – varieties of Eurocentrism being seemingly the most important and pressing one. Quite frequently, Western historians have accused other – mainly Western – historians of treating Europe as a model for ...
Methods in World History
... mission is different from ours. It is to find ways to resist ideological tendencies and temptations – varieties of Eurocentrism being seemingly the most important and pressing one. Quite frequently, Western historians have accused other – mainly Western – historians of treating Europe as a model for ...
... mission is different from ours. It is to find ways to resist ideological tendencies and temptations – varieties of Eurocentrism being seemingly the most important and pressing one. Quite frequently, Western historians have accused other – mainly Western – historians of treating Europe as a model for ...
Lightning Applications in Weather and Climate Research
... 1991). In the thunderstorm, there is a layer where we can find liquid water (supercooled), ice crystals, snow, hail, and graupel (soft hail) all existing together. This is between the 0 °C isotherm and the -40 °C isotherm. At temperatures higher than 0 °C, all ice will start melting and turn to wate ...
... 1991). In the thunderstorm, there is a layer where we can find liquid water (supercooled), ice crystals, snow, hail, and graupel (soft hail) all existing together. This is between the 0 °C isotherm and the -40 °C isotherm. At temperatures higher than 0 °C, all ice will start melting and turn to wate ...
Co-benefits of climate policy
... Summary Policy perspectives on Climate Change and Air Pollution This report investigates the consequences of the interrelationship between global climate change (GCC) and local air pollution (LAP). The major connection between these environmental problems is the combustion of fossil fuels. As a cons ...
... Summary Policy perspectives on Climate Change and Air Pollution This report investigates the consequences of the interrelationship between global climate change (GCC) and local air pollution (LAP). The major connection between these environmental problems is the combustion of fossil fuels. As a cons ...
Review of Policy, Plans, Legislation and Regulations for Climate
... 2.1.2 Regional Requirements.................................................................................. 31 ...
... 2.1.2 Regional Requirements.................................................................................. 31 ...
Establishing a Climate Change Department in
... resilient and a resource efficient island with low emissions and an inclusive economy that presents a replicable model for other island states. Jamaica is designated as a small island state in a hurricane belt with a steep hilly interior and a narrow coastline that supports major infrastructure and ...
... resilient and a resource efficient island with low emissions and an inclusive economy that presents a replicable model for other island states. Jamaica is designated as a small island state in a hurricane belt with a steep hilly interior and a narrow coastline that supports major infrastructure and ...
Submission of the Maldives to the Office of the UN High
... scientifically agreed-upon safe levels can prevent the most catastrophic climate change impacts. The Maldives on its own is incapable of preventing the violations of fundamental human rights that are already taking place as a result of climate change – violations which will occur on a scale of incre ...
... scientifically agreed-upon safe levels can prevent the most catastrophic climate change impacts. The Maldives on its own is incapable of preventing the violations of fundamental human rights that are already taking place as a result of climate change – violations which will occur on a scale of incre ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).