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Review of Policy, Plans, Legislation and Regulations for Climate
... 2.1.2 Regional Requirements.................................................................................. 31 ...
... 2.1.2 Regional Requirements.................................................................................. 31 ...
Promoting Climate Resilient Infrastructure in
... Since the adoption of market-oriented reforms almost two decades ago, and the opening of the economy to international trade, Vietnam has taken great strides to overcoming economic and human poverty. It is now well on its way to achieving middle-income status. The national poverty rate declined from ...
... Since the adoption of market-oriented reforms almost two decades ago, and the opening of the economy to international trade, Vietnam has taken great strides to overcoming economic and human poverty. It is now well on its way to achieving middle-income status. The national poverty rate declined from ...
Inter-comparison of two land-surface models applied at different
... the replacement of the LSM with overall increased annual mean near surface air temperature (+1 K) and less annual precipitation (−56 mm) with different spatial and temporal behaviour. Finally, feedbacks can set up positive and negative effects on simulated evapotranspiration, resulting in a decrease ...
... the replacement of the LSM with overall increased annual mean near surface air temperature (+1 K) and less annual precipitation (−56 mm) with different spatial and temporal behaviour. Finally, feedbacks can set up positive and negative effects on simulated evapotranspiration, resulting in a decrease ...
Chapter 13
... Air descending at the 30º north and 30º south latitude either moves toward the equator or flows toward the poles. Air moving toward the equator warms while it is near the Earth’s surface. At about 60º north and 60º south latitudes, this air collides with cold air traveling from the poles. The ...
... Air descending at the 30º north and 30º south latitude either moves toward the equator or flows toward the poles. Air moving toward the equator warms while it is near the Earth’s surface. At about 60º north and 60º south latitudes, this air collides with cold air traveling from the poles. The ...
The coral reef crisis: The critical importance of
... of which are linked to upheavals of the carbon cycle (Veron, 2008b). Although, on geological timescales reef ecosystems are clearly very persistent, the geological record offers crucial warnings that on human timescales reefs can indeed be lost, that a large proportion of coral and other calcifying ...
... of which are linked to upheavals of the carbon cycle (Veron, 2008b). Although, on geological timescales reef ecosystems are clearly very persistent, the geological record offers crucial warnings that on human timescales reefs can indeed be lost, that a large proportion of coral and other calcifying ...
New Zealand glacier response to climate change of the past 2
... only a few New Zealand glaciers, with the longest and most complete record of 7 balance years from the Ivory Glacier ŽAnderton and Chinn, 1978.. 2.2. Termination of the little ice age in New Zealand The glaciers of New Zealand have retreated dramatically during the past century ŽTable 1.. Between ab ...
... only a few New Zealand glaciers, with the longest and most complete record of 7 balance years from the Ivory Glacier ŽAnderton and Chinn, 1978.. 2.2. Termination of the little ice age in New Zealand The glaciers of New Zealand have retreated dramatically during the past century ŽTable 1.. Between ab ...
ESCC Hub Research Plan Version 2 (2016)
... • Improve understanding and simulation of Southern Hemisphere climate drivers1 in our climate models (especially ACCESS) to increase our confidence in projections of likely future climate change at multi-annual to multi-decadal time scales. Improve our understanding of how climate variability (e.g. ...
... • Improve understanding and simulation of Southern Hemisphere climate drivers1 in our climate models (especially ACCESS) to increase our confidence in projections of likely future climate change at multi-annual to multi-decadal time scales. Improve our understanding of how climate variability (e.g. ...
Icebreakers Neg.Paper
... Northwest Passage is charted. Competing Claims In The Region As the waterway opens up, so, too, does the issue of who controls it. The U.S. and other nations see it as an international waterway that just happens to pass through Canada's Arctic region. Under that premise, Canada would not have the ri ...
... Northwest Passage is charted. Competing Claims In The Region As the waterway opens up, so, too, does the issue of who controls it. The U.S. and other nations see it as an international waterway that just happens to pass through Canada's Arctic region. Under that premise, Canada would not have the ri ...
GEOGRAPHY
... XX cc.) and current satellite images. The forest distribution within the Central Russian Upland has been relatively stable during the last 220 years. On average, the decrease in the forested area was small. However, we identified significant changes in certain regions. In the southern part of CRU, t ...
... XX cc.) and current satellite images. The forest distribution within the Central Russian Upland has been relatively stable during the last 220 years. On average, the decrease in the forested area was small. However, we identified significant changes in certain regions. In the southern part of CRU, t ...
National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) Factors
... physically produced by the activities of another organisation. The most important category of indirect emissions is from the consumption of electricity. Other examples of indirect emissions from an organisation’s activities include upstream emissions generated in the extraction and production of fos ...
... physically produced by the activities of another organisation. The most important category of indirect emissions is from the consumption of electricity. Other examples of indirect emissions from an organisation’s activities include upstream emissions generated in the extraction and production of fos ...
Extreme Environmental Events Induced by Climate Change:
... 1.1 Problem Statement Over the past two decades, climate change has emerged as the leading global environmental issue. The negative impacts associated with climate change are already well documented throughout the world and in Canada (Lemmen et al., 2008; Van Aalst, 2006). Research by the Inter-gove ...
... 1.1 Problem Statement Over the past two decades, climate change has emerged as the leading global environmental issue. The negative impacts associated with climate change are already well documented throughout the world and in Canada (Lemmen et al., 2008; Van Aalst, 2006). Research by the Inter-gove ...
O'Reilly et al (2010)
... policies have been planned or implemented under a great deal of scientific uncertainty. A number of scholars have studied assessment processes from policy and social perspectives,4–15 and there is a copious literature on risk assessment, perception, and communication.16–26 This literature is primari ...
... policies have been planned or implemented under a great deal of scientific uncertainty. A number of scholars have studied assessment processes from policy and social perspectives,4–15 and there is a copious literature on risk assessment, perception, and communication.16–26 This literature is primari ...
Watershed Modeling to Assess the Sensitivity of Streamflow
... mid-21st century climate change and urban development scenarios. The study also provides an improved understanding of methodological challenges associated with integrating existing tools (e.g., climate models, downscaling approaches, and watershed models) and data sets to address these scientific qu ...
... mid-21st century climate change and urban development scenarios. The study also provides an improved understanding of methodological challenges associated with integrating existing tools (e.g., climate models, downscaling approaches, and watershed models) and data sets to address these scientific qu ...
van Hooidonk et al. 2013. Opposite latitudinal gradients in projected
... errors and some of these are time dependent. Averaging over multiple models can reduce these errors and generally increases the accuracy, skill, and consistency of model forecasts (Tebaldi & Knutti, 2007). Some previous studies also approximate or simplify the calculation of Ωarag. For example, in F ...
... errors and some of these are time dependent. Averaging over multiple models can reduce these errors and generally increases the accuracy, skill, and consistency of model forecasts (Tebaldi & Knutti, 2007). Some previous studies also approximate or simplify the calculation of Ωarag. For example, in F ...
The positive impact of human CO2 emissions on the survival of life
... Dr. Patrick Moore is a Senior Fellow with the Energy, Ecology and Prosperity program at the Frontier Centre for Public Policy. He has been a leader in the international environmental field for over 40 years. Dr. Moore is a Co-Founder of Greenpeace and served for nine years as President of Greenpeace ...
... Dr. Patrick Moore is a Senior Fellow with the Energy, Ecology and Prosperity program at the Frontier Centre for Public Policy. He has been a leader in the international environmental field for over 40 years. Dr. Moore is a Co-Founder of Greenpeace and served for nine years as President of Greenpeace ...
Canadian Climate Change Risk Assessment Guide
... shown in Annex 1 that the trends observed for the past 40 years, since greenhouse gas forcing became a primary factor affecting climate, in temperature, precipitation and other closely related factors are reasonably good indicators of the trends to be expected for the next four decades out to 2050/2 ...
... shown in Annex 1 that the trends observed for the past 40 years, since greenhouse gas forcing became a primary factor affecting climate, in temperature, precipitation and other closely related factors are reasonably good indicators of the trends to be expected for the next four decades out to 2050/2 ...
Disrupted seasonal biology impacts health, food security and
... processes within organisms as well as for biotic interactions. The proper functioning of these rhythms is disrupted by modern human lifestyles—including sleep deprivation, light at night, jet lag and shift work [1,2], which induce temporal mismatches between the environment and circadian biology, an ...
... processes within organisms as well as for biotic interactions. The proper functioning of these rhythms is disrupted by modern human lifestyles—including sleep deprivation, light at night, jet lag and shift work [1,2], which induce temporal mismatches between the environment and circadian biology, an ...
GEOPOLITICAL IDENTITY OF CHINA IN INTERNATIONAL
... development conference Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The Summit accepted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which entered into force in 1994 and is at the present time ratified by 197 countries often referred as the Parties to the Convention (UNFCCC 20 ...
... development conference Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The Summit accepted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which entered into force in 1994 and is at the present time ratified by 197 countries often referred as the Parties to the Convention (UNFCCC 20 ...
Different characteristics of cold day and cold surge frequency over
... not be able to be simply induced by a general warming. Walsh et al. [2001] claimed that despite recent global warming, there is no long‐term trend toward fewer cold surge occurrences in Europe and the United States in historical observations. However, so far, no study has documented the influence of ...
... not be able to be simply induced by a general warming. Walsh et al. [2001] claimed that despite recent global warming, there is no long‐term trend toward fewer cold surge occurrences in Europe and the United States in historical observations. However, so far, no study has documented the influence of ...
Suburban Climate Change Efforts: Possibilities for Small and Nimble Cities Participating in State, Regional, National, and International Networks
... tion could help guide models targeted to different types of suburbs. Second, the U.S. Congress and many state legislatures are not likely to pass legislation mandating local emissions reductions or even more comprehensive land use planning in the near term. Although making a case for this legislatio ...
... tion could help guide models targeted to different types of suburbs. Second, the U.S. Congress and many state legislatures are not likely to pass legislation mandating local emissions reductions or even more comprehensive land use planning in the near term. Although making a case for this legislatio ...
Building on the Montreal Protocol`s Success and Facing
... Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper energized the global climate debate on 10 August when they pledged to “Work together under the Montreal Protocol to phase down the use of HFCs and bring about significant reductions of this potent greenhouse gas.” This is exciting because the Montreal Protocol ...
... Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper energized the global climate debate on 10 August when they pledged to “Work together under the Montreal Protocol to phase down the use of HFCs and bring about significant reductions of this potent greenhouse gas.” This is exciting because the Montreal Protocol ...
IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 4 SECOND
... evolutionary response species are going to undertake, and by simply falling into the trap of writing more about species dispersal (as there are more papers on it) misses something. The authors may wish to consider including a section about what is missing around understanding these other adaptive st ...
... evolutionary response species are going to undertake, and by simply falling into the trap of writing more about species dispersal (as there are more papers on it) misses something. The authors may wish to consider including a section about what is missing around understanding these other adaptive st ...
WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE Climate Change Act Now
... The future of that transformed agriculture is the intensification of tree culture on all types of farmland, community land, and urban areas. There are a billion hectares of agroecosystems in the tropical world alone where agroforestry can contribute to the reversal of current carbon emissions (IPC ...
... The future of that transformed agriculture is the intensification of tree culture on all types of farmland, community land, and urban areas. There are a billion hectares of agroecosystems in the tropical world alone where agroforestry can contribute to the reversal of current carbon emissions (IPC ...
Climate Change Reporting Framework – Edition 1.1 October 2012
... to clarify CDSB’s approach to organizational boundary setting and to support the long-standing practices that have been established through widespread adoption of the GHG Protocol. More information about the amendments to paragraphs 4.22 – 4.27 of the CCRF can be found on CDSB’s website at www.cdsb. ...
... to clarify CDSB’s approach to organizational boundary setting and to support the long-standing practices that have been established through widespread adoption of the GHG Protocol. More information about the amendments to paragraphs 4.22 – 4.27 of the CCRF can be found on CDSB’s website at www.cdsb. ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).