Grenada - Climate Investment Funds
... hurricanes in the space of ten months followed a prolonged dry period. Hurricane Ivan, which impacted the country in September 2004, severely damaged the productive sectors resulting in economic contraction, dislocated the labor force and caused extensive disruption to key infrastructure like electr ...
... hurricanes in the space of ten months followed a prolonged dry period. Hurricane Ivan, which impacted the country in September 2004, severely damaged the productive sectors resulting in economic contraction, dislocated the labor force and caused extensive disruption to key infrastructure like electr ...
Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept?
... Sea and in Japan, where flooding claimed many lives up to the middle of the twentieth century. However, the implementation of such strategies is often perceived as removing rather than reducing the risk, encouraging further development in what remain potentially hazardous areas (Parker, 2000). Reloca ...
... Sea and in Japan, where flooding claimed many lives up to the middle of the twentieth century. However, the implementation of such strategies is often perceived as removing rather than reducing the risk, encouraging further development in what remain potentially hazardous areas (Parker, 2000). Reloca ...
Full Report - A New Climate for Peace
... risks to the stability of states and societies will increase. The sharpest risks emerge when the impacts of climate change overburden weak states. Climate change is the ultimate ‘threat multiplier’: it will aggravate already fragile situations and may contribute to social upheaval and even violent c ...
... risks to the stability of states and societies will increase. The sharpest risks emerge when the impacts of climate change overburden weak states. Climate change is the ultimate ‘threat multiplier’: it will aggravate already fragile situations and may contribute to social upheaval and even violent c ...
Why the United States did not become a party to the Kyoto Protocol
... ‘the Senate’s vote, 95–0, shows that there is a clear consensus that the Kyoto Protocol is an unfair and ineffective means of addressing global climate change concerns’.3 Yet on closer inspection, this apparently plausible explanation for US non-participation is less than fully satisfactory. Accordi ...
... ‘the Senate’s vote, 95–0, shows that there is a clear consensus that the Kyoto Protocol is an unfair and ineffective means of addressing global climate change concerns’.3 Yet on closer inspection, this apparently plausible explanation for US non-participation is less than fully satisfactory. Accordi ...
Exploring the Impact of Climate Change on Children in
... HIV and AIDS, management of scarce natural resources and rapid urbanisation will each interact with climate change. The results of those interactions will affect how far the effects of climate change are transmitted to children and households at the local level. With this in mind, an effective respo ...
... HIV and AIDS, management of scarce natural resources and rapid urbanisation will each interact with climate change. The results of those interactions will affect how far the effects of climate change are transmitted to children and households at the local level. With this in mind, an effective respo ...
A georeferenced agent-based model to analyze the
... SRES A2 and B2 scenarios for different altitudinal levels: 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 m. These scenarios project future climate change based on different assumptions for greenhouse gas emissions, land-use, economic and technological development and other diving forces (IPCC, 2007). In our study B2 an ...
... SRES A2 and B2 scenarios for different altitudinal levels: 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 m. These scenarios project future climate change based on different assumptions for greenhouse gas emissions, land-use, economic and technological development and other diving forces (IPCC, 2007). In our study B2 an ...
i2280e03
... the priorities for technological progress. It quantifies selected environmental variables, such as greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2). In this study, it also defines scenarios of demand for first- and second-generation biofuels. • The emissions pathway a ...
... the priorities for technological progress. It quantifies selected environmental variables, such as greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2). In this study, it also defines scenarios of demand for first- and second-generation biofuels. • The emissions pathway a ...
Fig. 1 - Utrecht University Repository
... innovations during the Bronze and Iron Age (e.g. metal ploughs, scythes, hay production, fertilising methods) gradually increased agricultural productivity. The successful adoption of yield-increasing advances cannot be explained by climatic determinism alone. Combined with archaeological evidence, ...
... innovations during the Bronze and Iron Age (e.g. metal ploughs, scythes, hay production, fertilising methods) gradually increased agricultural productivity. The successful adoption of yield-increasing advances cannot be explained by climatic determinism alone. Combined with archaeological evidence, ...
Flammable Planet - The Cost of Carbon Pollution
... which heighten fire risk and intensity by making additional plant biomass susceptible to fire. These higher temperatures also contribute to the geographic shift of plant species over time, leaving dead biomass that has the potential to further increase the risk of wildfire.13 Further, the combined e ...
... which heighten fire risk and intensity by making additional plant biomass susceptible to fire. These higher temperatures also contribute to the geographic shift of plant species over time, leaving dead biomass that has the potential to further increase the risk of wildfire.13 Further, the combined e ...
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Tool for Coastal Habitats
... including Eric Brunden, Nina Garfield, Pati Glick, and Pati Delgado. The development team is also appreciative for members of the scientific community who took time to review and provide suggestions on this guidance document including Norm Christensen, Scott Neubauer, R.E. Turner, and Mike Unger. Th ...
... including Eric Brunden, Nina Garfield, Pati Glick, and Pati Delgado. The development team is also appreciative for members of the scientific community who took time to review and provide suggestions on this guidance document including Norm Christensen, Scott Neubauer, R.E. Turner, and Mike Unger. Th ...
multiple demands on water and needs for adaptation to climate
... Temperature exhibits a slight rising trend since 1975. This increasing trend for temperature is expected to continue during the 21st century. Precipitation is expected to decrease, although some regional models claim the opposite. Considering the relationship between precipitation and runoff, correl ...
... Temperature exhibits a slight rising trend since 1975. This increasing trend for temperature is expected to continue during the 21st century. Precipitation is expected to decrease, although some regional models claim the opposite. Considering the relationship between precipitation and runoff, correl ...
The Austrian Strategy for Adaptation to Climate
... can be found in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1 (UNFCCC 2007, ratified by Austria), as well as in Art. 10 (b) of the Kyoto Protocol, which came into force in 2005. These agreements require the signatory parties to develop, implement, and update national and (where appropr ...
... can be found in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1 (UNFCCC 2007, ratified by Austria), as well as in Art. 10 (b) of the Kyoto Protocol, which came into force in 2005. These agreements require the signatory parties to develop, implement, and update national and (where appropr ...
The Austrian Strategy for Adaptation to Climate
... can be found in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1 (UNFCCC 2007, ratified by Austria), as well as in Art. 10 (b) of the Kyoto Protocol, which came into force in 2005. These agreements require the signatory parties to develop, implement, and update national and (where appropr ...
... can be found in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1 (UNFCCC 2007, ratified by Austria), as well as in Art. 10 (b) of the Kyoto Protocol, which came into force in 2005. These agreements require the signatory parties to develop, implement, and update national and (where appropr ...
Projected impacts of climate change and ocean
... and temperate zones, G. ruber in the subtropical gyres, N. pachyderma in the subpolar and polar regions and G. sacculifer dominating in the tropical and subtropical regions in between (Fig. S3). The model reproduced 43 % of the observed species dominance from surface plankton tow data (Table 2). Thi ...
... and temperate zones, G. ruber in the subtropical gyres, N. pachyderma in the subpolar and polar regions and G. sacculifer dominating in the tropical and subtropical regions in between (Fig. S3). The model reproduced 43 % of the observed species dominance from surface plankton tow data (Table 2). Thi ...
Cities and Climate Change: An Urgent Agenda
... retrofit buildings, the steeper is the curve and the harder to reverse the trend. This is true for the world as a whole (see WDR 2010), and particularly for cities. Pollution will only get worse, congestion more intractable, and urban heat islands more pernicious. “Act now” seems to be the only plau ...
... retrofit buildings, the steeper is the curve and the harder to reverse the trend. This is true for the world as a whole (see WDR 2010), and particularly for cities. Pollution will only get worse, congestion more intractable, and urban heat islands more pernicious. “Act now” seems to be the only plau ...
Global environmental problems and politics
... the Social Sciences. Materials for these programmes are developed by academics at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). For more information, see: www.londoninternational.ac.uk ...
... the Social Sciences. Materials for these programmes are developed by academics at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). For more information, see: www.londoninternational.ac.uk ...
Impact of Climate Change on Households in the Indonesian
... activities, whether direct or indirect, which cause a change in the composition of the atmosphere globally and also a change in the natural climate variability which monitored in comparable period. Yet, society has a diverse concept of conceiving what climate change is. Generally society comprehends ...
... activities, whether direct or indirect, which cause a change in the composition of the atmosphere globally and also a change in the natural climate variability which monitored in comparable period. Yet, society has a diverse concept of conceiving what climate change is. Generally society comprehends ...
Climate Change and Natural Resources Conflicts in Africa
... Programme (ESP) of the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), Nairobi Office. The climate change phenomenon is a global concern, which typically threatens the sustainability of the livelihoods of the majority of the population living in the developing countries. Africa, particularly the sub-Saharan r ...
... Programme (ESP) of the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), Nairobi Office. The climate change phenomenon is a global concern, which typically threatens the sustainability of the livelihoods of the majority of the population living in the developing countries. Africa, particularly the sub-Saharan r ...
FINAL DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 5 Coordinating Lead Authors
... Summary summarizes the key messages with a line of sight to the supporting sections in the chapter. This chapter comprises six sections with this first section dealing with progress in knowledge from AR4 to AR5 (Fifth Assessment Report), scope of chapter and new developments. Section 2 defines the c ...
... Summary summarizes the key messages with a line of sight to the supporting sections in the chapter. This chapter comprises six sections with this first section dealing with progress in knowledge from AR4 to AR5 (Fifth Assessment Report), scope of chapter and new developments. Section 2 defines the c ...
Accountable Climate Governance: Dilemmas of Performance Management across Complex Governance Networks
... post-Kyoto international climate policy design and address a specific question: How can accountability be institutionalized across governance networks that are dealing with the transboundary pollution problem of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) at multiple spatial, temporal and social scale ...
... post-Kyoto international climate policy design and address a specific question: How can accountability be institutionalized across governance networks that are dealing with the transboundary pollution problem of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) at multiple spatial, temporal and social scale ...
City of Long Beach Climate Resiliency Assessment Report
... Resiliency starts by developing a compelling broadly-shared vision of a resilient community through inclusive and sustained community conversations to identify valued qualities they want to sustain, and an explicit statement of the underlying assumptions. These forums should be conducted throughout ...
... Resiliency starts by developing a compelling broadly-shared vision of a resilient community through inclusive and sustained community conversations to identify valued qualities they want to sustain, and an explicit statement of the underlying assumptions. These forums should be conducted throughout ...
Climate Change and Regulatory Takings in
... of the Earth’s surface and shallow ocean have increased over the past century, especially since the 1970s.2 Globally, 2009 tied with several other years as the second warmest year on the instrumental record (since 1880).3 The root cause is human activities: in February 2007, the United Nations Inter ...
... of the Earth’s surface and shallow ocean have increased over the past century, especially since the 1970s.2 Globally, 2009 tied with several other years as the second warmest year on the instrumental record (since 1880).3 The root cause is human activities: in February 2007, the United Nations Inter ...
- adaptation
... • Timing is critical to success of many adaptations • Done too soon, raises cost and can be ineffective (new crop before warm enough will not grow well) • Done too late, damages can be large (as if there is no adaptation) • Matching adaptation to potential damages, the bulk of adaptation actions nee ...
... • Timing is critical to success of many adaptations • Done too soon, raises cost and can be ineffective (new crop before warm enough will not grow well) • Done too late, damages can be large (as if there is no adaptation) • Matching adaptation to potential damages, the bulk of adaptation actions nee ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).