Three Ways to Understand State Actors in International Negotiations
... • Regimes act as learning facilitators by initiating processes that give rise to social learning, such as policy diffusion. • Regimes act as agents of internal realignments by creating new constituencies or shifting the balance of power among groups within and across state borders. Together, these t ...
... • Regimes act as learning facilitators by initiating processes that give rise to social learning, such as policy diffusion. • Regimes act as agents of internal realignments by creating new constituencies or shifting the balance of power among groups within and across state borders. Together, these t ...
Defining loss and damage: The science and politics around one of
... allows them to seek the full extent of damages from any one defendant.) Another complicating factor is that even if specific damages could be attributed to climate change, further questions would arise about how to allocate responsibility: based on emissions since 1750, since 1992, or somewhere in b ...
... allows them to seek the full extent of damages from any one defendant.) Another complicating factor is that even if specific damages could be attributed to climate change, further questions would arise about how to allocate responsibility: based on emissions since 1750, since 1992, or somewhere in b ...
Do You Trust Scientists About the Environment?
... politics, and social issues that help to place the science trust results in perspective. Box 1 lists these questions posed in the poll. Figure 3 on the next page charts responses to four science-related questions. We see that 55 percent of respondents believe that climate change is happening now and ...
... politics, and social issues that help to place the science trust results in perspective. Box 1 lists these questions posed in the poll. Figure 3 on the next page charts responses to four science-related questions. We see that 55 percent of respondents believe that climate change is happening now and ...
PDF
... make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. ...
... make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. ...
- The University of Liverpool Repository
... argued that two-and-a-half planets would be maintain the lifestyle of the average Merseysider. It argued that the best way to shrink the city’s ecological footprint would be to focus on the areas of greatest pressure, including transport, waste, water treatment, and energy use, and recomended an aw ...
... argued that two-and-a-half planets would be maintain the lifestyle of the average Merseysider. It argued that the best way to shrink the city’s ecological footprint would be to focus on the areas of greatest pressure, including transport, waste, water treatment, and energy use, and recomended an aw ...
UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, and the WTO – Brewing Conflicts or
... accommodate trade measures used by the Parties to the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol in their implementation of their treaty commitments. II. BACKGROUND The main reason for the increase in GHG emission beyond the natural variability in climate change is human activity. 15 This activity, usually class ...
... accommodate trade measures used by the Parties to the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol in their implementation of their treaty commitments. II. BACKGROUND The main reason for the increase in GHG emission beyond the natural variability in climate change is human activity. 15 This activity, usually class ...
Chapter 10. Climate Change and California`s Water Challenges
... Predicting climate change effects on the water cycle at local and regional scale is made difficult by the scale of climate modeling. The methodology to evaluate the hydrologic implications of climate change has been addressed by Gleick (1989), and Vicuna and Dracup (2007). The first step is to estim ...
... Predicting climate change effects on the water cycle at local and regional scale is made difficult by the scale of climate modeling. The methodology to evaluate the hydrologic implications of climate change has been addressed by Gleick (1989), and Vicuna and Dracup (2007). The first step is to estim ...
Project Document for CEO Approval
... mitigation options that have been identified in A1 activities, with support from regional and international experts. The results of the 1st CCEAP will be used as basis for the study. Surveys and interviews of relevant stakeholders will also be conducted. Output A2.2. Matrix showing the technical, so ...
... mitigation options that have been identified in A1 activities, with support from regional and international experts. The results of the 1st CCEAP will be used as basis for the study. Surveys and interviews of relevant stakeholders will also be conducted. Output A2.2. Matrix showing the technical, so ...
The Perils of Modelling How Migration Responds to Climate Change
... global temperature ever recorded being in 2015. Extreme weather conditions including intense heat waves, flooding, hurricanes and severe storms, are expected to increase in frequency due to climate change, affecting people living in both coastal and inland areas (Melillo et al., 2014). Because firm ...
... global temperature ever recorded being in 2015. Extreme weather conditions including intense heat waves, flooding, hurricanes and severe storms, are expected to increase in frequency due to climate change, affecting people living in both coastal and inland areas (Melillo et al., 2014). Because firm ...
Meeting the needs of Future Generations
... Intergenerational equity informing indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) As the international community works to finalise the Sustainable Development Goals there will be a focus on defining indicators to assess their implementation at international and national level. The inclusion ...
... Intergenerational equity informing indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) As the international community works to finalise the Sustainable Development Goals there will be a focus on defining indicators to assess their implementation at international and national level. The inclusion ...
Impact of nitrogen and climate change interactions on ambient air
... Climate impact on emissions Climate change is expected to impact both anthropogenic and natural emissions of Nr and VOCs. The extent, and even direction, of the impact on anthropogenic NOx emissions is not certain. For example, higher temperatures are expected to increase the use of air conditioners ...
... Climate impact on emissions Climate change is expected to impact both anthropogenic and natural emissions of Nr and VOCs. The extent, and even direction, of the impact on anthropogenic NOx emissions is not certain. For example, higher temperatures are expected to increase the use of air conditioners ...
Climate change - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
... the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These relevant quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system (Source: 7). Climate change Climate change refers to ...
... the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These relevant quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system (Source: 7). Climate change Climate change refers to ...
The risky promise of `negative emissions`
... • Greatly increase near-term mitigation ambitions. If governments recognize the urgency of climate action, they cannot be content with the pledges made under the Paris Agreement. Countries need to step up their efforts, including both national-level policy action and international cooperation to pr ...
... • Greatly increase near-term mitigation ambitions. If governments recognize the urgency of climate action, they cannot be content with the pledges made under the Paris Agreement. Countries need to step up their efforts, including both national-level policy action and international cooperation to pr ...
Climate change: The investment perspective
... or connected with, activities that some stakeholders consider to be inconsistent with addressing climate change ...
... or connected with, activities that some stakeholders consider to be inconsistent with addressing climate change ...
Case Study: Colombia`s National Climate Change Process
... mitigation actions and articulates the actions taken by various productive sectors. Under the new structure, the CCMG will remain in the Ministry of the Environment, but the general policies will be dictated from the DNP, as will be explained later on this paper. This section presents the main clima ...
... mitigation actions and articulates the actions taken by various productive sectors. Under the new structure, the CCMG will remain in the Ministry of the Environment, but the general policies will be dictated from the DNP, as will be explained later on this paper. This section presents the main clima ...
problems in evaluating regional and local trends in temperature
... Experiment Range (CPER) in northeastern Colorado. The journal editor requested altering the title of the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warmi ...
... Experiment Range (CPER) in northeastern Colorado. The journal editor requested altering the title of the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warmi ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Experiment Range (CPER) in northeastern Colorado. The journal editor requested altering the title of the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warmi ...
... Experiment Range (CPER) in northeastern Colorado. The journal editor requested altering the title of the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warmi ...
View/Open - University College Cork
... options for a more coordinated approach to national responses to climate observations in Europe. The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) is designed to ensure that the observations and information needed to address climate-related issues are obtained systematically and made available to all poten ...
... options for a more coordinated approach to national responses to climate observations in Europe. The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) is designed to ensure that the observations and information needed to address climate-related issues are obtained systematically and made available to all poten ...
Impact of Climate Change and Climate Variability on
... GCM predict increases in maximum and minimum temperatures and dry spells for El Salvador. However, there are uncertainties in models and scenarios. Crop simulation models predicts that in future climates sorghum and maize yields can decrease up to 20%; and dry bean yield up to 50%. There are oppo ...
... GCM predict increases in maximum and minimum temperatures and dry spells for El Salvador. However, there are uncertainties in models and scenarios. Crop simulation models predicts that in future climates sorghum and maize yields can decrease up to 20%; and dry bean yield up to 50%. There are oppo ...
After Climategate and Cancun….
... “…models still show significant errors. Although these are generally greater at smaller scales, important large-scale problems also remain. ……The ultimate source of most such errors is that many important small-scale processes cannot be represented explicitly in models, and so must be included in ap ...
... “…models still show significant errors. Although these are generally greater at smaller scales, important large-scale problems also remain. ……The ultimate source of most such errors is that many important small-scale processes cannot be represented explicitly in models, and so must be included in ap ...
11th Scientific Statement: Air Pollution
... Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Liepert, B.G., (2002). Observed reductions of surface solar radiation at sites in the United States and worldwide from 1961 to 1990. Geophysical Res ...
... Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Liepert, B.G., (2002). Observed reductions of surface solar radiation at sites in the United States and worldwide from 1961 to 1990. Geophysical Res ...
Data Assimilation Cycle - Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical
... “…models still show significant errors. Although these are generally greater at smaller scales, important large-scale problems also remain. ……The ultimate source of most such errors is that many important small-scale processes cannot be represented explicitly in models, and so must be included in ap ...
... “…models still show significant errors. Although these are generally greater at smaller scales, important large-scale problems also remain. ……The ultimate source of most such errors is that many important small-scale processes cannot be represented explicitly in models, and so must be included in ap ...
... This study undertaken by atmospheric scientists at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research in Wellington, New Zealand focused on the unique isotopic signatures of methane from different sources. Methane from natural gas leaks in oil and gas production, for example, has a different s ...
Communicating Climate Change through ICT
... Academic Search Premier databases. The search words used for identifying relevant articles were: climate change, global warming, communication, public, public understanding and public engagement (for further details, see [5]). 2.1. Content of Climate Change Communication Fear-inducing messages have ...
... Academic Search Premier databases. The search words used for identifying relevant articles were: climate change, global warming, communication, public, public understanding and public engagement (for further details, see [5]). 2.1. Content of Climate Change Communication Fear-inducing messages have ...
Slide 1
... Standardize best practices in emission reporting—not just within U.S. Infrastructure could facilitate future federal, state or local actions Vehicle for politically diverse states to act together Lower costs for states and for reporters of emissions ...
... Standardize best practices in emission reporting—not just within U.S. Infrastructure could facilitate future federal, state or local actions Vehicle for politically diverse states to act together Lower costs for states and for reporters of emissions ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).