Influence of parallel computational uncertainty on simulations of the
... scheme used by CGCMs is changed. However, the ensemble mean method is able to reduce the impact of the parallel computational uncertainty and the member number of the ensemble mean of 15 is enough to ignore simulated error. The random perturbation experiments also show similar results (Z. Y. Song, p ...
... scheme used by CGCMs is changed. However, the ensemble mean method is able to reduce the impact of the parallel computational uncertainty and the member number of the ensemble mean of 15 is enough to ignore simulated error. The random perturbation experiments also show similar results (Z. Y. Song, p ...
Foreign Action, Domestic Windfall
... therefore benefits the United States both by helping to preserve domestic climate conditions and by protecting the United States from “spillover” effects from other geographic regions interconnected with the United States through markets, ecosystems, security threats, and migration. Additionally, th ...
... therefore benefits the United States both by helping to preserve domestic climate conditions and by protecting the United States from “spillover” effects from other geographic regions interconnected with the United States through markets, ecosystems, security threats, and migration. Additionally, th ...
Impact analysis of climate change for an Alpine catchment using
... Global climate change affects spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation and so has a major impact on surface and subsurface water balances. While global climate models are designed to describe climate change on global or continental scales, their resolution is too coarse for them to be suitable ...
... Global climate change affects spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation and so has a major impact on surface and subsurface water balances. While global climate models are designed to describe climate change on global or continental scales, their resolution is too coarse for them to be suitable ...
Quantifying the impacts of land surface schemes and dynamic
... which the differences between model structures are considered to be one of the major sources [Knutti et al., 2010; Murphy et al., 2004]. The other two major sources of uncertainties are the different anthropogenic emissions scenarios which depends on socioeconomic factors [Moss et al., 2010], and th ...
... which the differences between model structures are considered to be one of the major sources [Knutti et al., 2010; Murphy et al., 2004]. The other two major sources of uncertainties are the different anthropogenic emissions scenarios which depends on socioeconomic factors [Moss et al., 2010], and th ...
What does the IPCC say about Bangladesh?
... IPCC Key Findings on Bangladesh: An Introduction The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific body established to provide a scientific view on the current state of knowledge in climate change and its impacts. The IPCC was first established in 1988 by the United Nations Enviro ...
... IPCC Key Findings on Bangladesh: An Introduction The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific body established to provide a scientific view on the current state of knowledge in climate change and its impacts. The IPCC was first established in 1988 by the United Nations Enviro ...
Ocean Science and Climate Change
... Pacific dubbed the “warm blob” that, along with the one of the strongest El Niños ever observed, will impact agriculture, fisheries, tourism, and energy production in most of the western provinces over at least the next several years. Understanding and forecasting the impact of these ocean-based phe ...
... Pacific dubbed the “warm blob” that, along with the one of the strongest El Niños ever observed, will impact agriculture, fisheries, tourism, and energy production in most of the western provinces over at least the next several years. Understanding and forecasting the impact of these ocean-based phe ...
Climate Change: Addressing the Major Skeptic Arguments
... entities have concluded that the increasing body of observations is consistent with the physical principles by which greenhouse gases (GHGs) affect climate: the planet is warming and it will likely continue to warm due to GHG emissions. Although continued research is needed to quantify the timing, l ...
... entities have concluded that the increasing body of observations is consistent with the physical principles by which greenhouse gases (GHGs) affect climate: the planet is warming and it will likely continue to warm due to GHG emissions. Although continued research is needed to quantify the timing, l ...
Coastal Vulnerability Handout
... Sea level rise could be a serious problem, but the uncertainties are large Impacts are strongly influenced by human choice Reducing GHG emissions reduces but does not avoid sea level rise impacts Preparing to adapt would seem prudent, in the context of multiple stresses and managing ...
... Sea level rise could be a serious problem, but the uncertainties are large Impacts are strongly influenced by human choice Reducing GHG emissions reduces but does not avoid sea level rise impacts Preparing to adapt would seem prudent, in the context of multiple stresses and managing ...
The Community Climate System Model
... World Climate Research Programme modate an active program of simulations and evaluations, evolving so as to address scientific issues and problems of national being transferred to NCAR, the model was endowed and international policy interest. The Community Cli- with an NCAR-developed radiation param ...
... World Climate Research Programme modate an active program of simulations and evaluations, evolving so as to address scientific issues and problems of national being transferred to NCAR, the model was endowed and international policy interest. The Community Cli- with an NCAR-developed radiation param ...
Climate change: the ultimate `tragedy of the commons`? Jouni
... States‟ economies exhibit different degrees of complexity which affects their vulnerability to climate change impacts. Most developed countries have complex economies which offer many sources of income and are which more resilient during periods of stress. Economies of many developing countries depe ...
... States‟ economies exhibit different degrees of complexity which affects their vulnerability to climate change impacts. Most developed countries have complex economies which offer many sources of income and are which more resilient during periods of stress. Economies of many developing countries depe ...
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Emissions Trading in North America
... surface in the lower atmosphere. The balance of those greenhouse gases affects the relative average temperatures of the world. For a given concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the resulting amount of radioactive forcing or heat-trapping of energy can be predicted with reasonable prec ...
... surface in the lower atmosphere. The balance of those greenhouse gases affects the relative average temperatures of the world. For a given concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the resulting amount of radioactive forcing or heat-trapping of energy can be predicted with reasonable prec ...
A fair climate deal in Paris means adequate finance to deliver INDCs
... climate change. Almost all the LDCs have outlined how they plan to contribute to post-2020 global climate action — through Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) — ahead of the 2015 global climate summit in Paris. These contributions reflect the LDCs’ commitment to an ambitious transfo ...
... climate change. Almost all the LDCs have outlined how they plan to contribute to post-2020 global climate action — through Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) — ahead of the 2015 global climate summit in Paris. These contributions reflect the LDCs’ commitment to an ambitious transfo ...
`Towards a Resilient Sydney` - climate change adaptation planning
... huge risks that climate change poses to our cities. More than half the world’s population currently live in cities and the proportion is set to rise in future years (UN Habitat 2012). Cities are centres of political and economic power, have highly concentrated populations and complex infrastructure ...
... huge risks that climate change poses to our cities. More than half the world’s population currently live in cities and the proportion is set to rise in future years (UN Habitat 2012). Cities are centres of political and economic power, have highly concentrated populations and complex infrastructure ...
Climate Change Negative - St. Louis Urban Debate League
... three year moratorium on new coal mine approvals. There are a number of risk factors that could cause emissions from fossil fuels to be higher than expected. These include political resistance to necessary reforms from industries and regions with high concentrations of coal mining and steel producti ...
... three year moratorium on new coal mine approvals. There are a number of risk factors that could cause emissions from fossil fuels to be higher than expected. These include political resistance to necessary reforms from industries and regions with high concentrations of coal mining and steel producti ...
National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) – Looking through
... Rights to alternative livelihoods: Climate change causes dreadful negative impacts on employment especially in agrarian societies. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) states that major weather events, caused by climate change, carry with them the potential to cause damage and disrupt tra ...
... Rights to alternative livelihoods: Climate change causes dreadful negative impacts on employment especially in agrarian societies. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) states that major weather events, caused by climate change, carry with them the potential to cause damage and disrupt tra ...
Project Document for CEO Approval
... to its natural heritage insofar as the rural and urban landscapes are concerned”. The regional governments should also “promote methods towards rational management of natural resources and in particular the conservation of its soil and water”. Lastly, the regional governments assume pertinent compet ...
... to its natural heritage insofar as the rural and urban landscapes are concerned”. The regional governments should also “promote methods towards rational management of natural resources and in particular the conservation of its soil and water”. Lastly, the regional governments assume pertinent compet ...
Climate-Smart Marine Protected Areas
... orientation call or meeting) before embarking on its task. A full-day assessment meeting is then ...
... orientation call or meeting) before embarking on its task. A full-day assessment meeting is then ...
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
... Communicated to the UNFCCC on November 18, 2015 1. The National Context St. Vincent and the Grenadines is a multi-island nation consisting of 32 islands each with its own characteristics. It is located in the Eastern Caribbean and has a population of approximately 110,000. St. Vincent is the largest ...
... Communicated to the UNFCCC on November 18, 2015 1. The National Context St. Vincent and the Grenadines is a multi-island nation consisting of 32 islands each with its own characteristics. It is located in the Eastern Caribbean and has a population of approximately 110,000. St. Vincent is the largest ...
The Economic Effects of Climate Change
... Climate change is the mother of all externalities: larger, more complex, and more uncertain than any other environmental problem. The sources of greenhouse gas emissions are more diffuse than any other environmental problem. Every company, every farm, every household emits some greenhouse gases. The ...
... Climate change is the mother of all externalities: larger, more complex, and more uncertain than any other environmental problem. The sources of greenhouse gas emissions are more diffuse than any other environmental problem. Every company, every farm, every household emits some greenhouse gases. The ...
E1AH_Quiz_1_Examples_
... warm period in which we maintained just the right amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, acidity in the oceans, coral in the sea ,etc to support human life and a steadily growing world population. Now we starting to enter a different era. We are enetering an era of uncertainty and confusion. No ...
... warm period in which we maintained just the right amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, acidity in the oceans, coral in the sea ,etc to support human life and a steadily growing world population. Now we starting to enter a different era. We are enetering an era of uncertainty and confusion. No ...
Public views on climate change: European and USA Perspectives
... Opinion polls have also investigated people’s knowledge of the causes of climate change. Generally, individuals are found to have a limited understanding of the human contributions to a changing climate. Research mainly in developed nations during the mid to late 1990s has shown that most citizens d ...
... Opinion polls have also investigated people’s knowledge of the causes of climate change. Generally, individuals are found to have a limited understanding of the human contributions to a changing climate. Research mainly in developed nations during the mid to late 1990s has shown that most citizens d ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES UNCERTAINTY AND DECISION IN CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMICS
... data, some use the cooling from the aerosols released by large volcanic eruptions, and some use only the instrumental record over the 20th century. Finally, and most importantly, even if we pooled all the data, and used a single consistent weighting scheme to evaluate model predictions, there would ...
... data, some use the cooling from the aerosols released by large volcanic eruptions, and some use only the instrumental record over the 20th century. Finally, and most importantly, even if we pooled all the data, and used a single consistent weighting scheme to evaluate model predictions, there would ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).