Overcoming Behavioral and Institutional Inertia
... Over the past decade, awareness of climate change has grown without translating into widespread individual action.7 Indeed, f lying, driving, holidaying abroad, and using household appliances have increased globally.8 What explains the disconnect between perception and action? Concern about climate ...
... Over the past decade, awareness of climate change has grown without translating into widespread individual action.7 Indeed, f lying, driving, holidaying abroad, and using household appliances have increased globally.8 What explains the disconnect between perception and action? Concern about climate ...
Shared Vision for South Asia - Pakistan Institute of Trade And
... R ∞ f (Social capital, Human capital, Physical capital, Financial capital, Natural capital) The higher is the value of R, therefore ...
... R ∞ f (Social capital, Human capital, Physical capital, Financial capital, Natural capital) The higher is the value of R, therefore ...
COP - UN Global Compact
... third wave of this survey has been implemented as of November and December. AvivaSA worked with ACNielsen, a global research agency, for this survey. This year, different from the previous years, this survey has been conducted as two phases – qualitative and quantitative – and also an “expectation” ...
... third wave of this survey has been implemented as of November and December. AvivaSA worked with ACNielsen, a global research agency, for this survey. This year, different from the previous years, this survey has been conducted as two phases – qualitative and quantitative – and also an “expectation” ...
Lessons from the Kyoto Protocol: Implications for the Future Cédric Philibert
... It is the conjunction of the stock nature of the climate problem and of the uncertainties surrounding abatement costs that make any arrangement based on fixed quantitative goals, such as the Kyoto Protocol, less than fully economically efficient. If abatement costs were known with certainty, then a ...
... It is the conjunction of the stock nature of the climate problem and of the uncertainties surrounding abatement costs that make any arrangement based on fixed quantitative goals, such as the Kyoto Protocol, less than fully economically efficient. If abatement costs were known with certainty, then a ...
Severe weather and UK food chain resilience
... strengthen more quickly in the future than projected and that they may have more severe impacts than estimated.” In addition, for some climate phenomena (such as the way that large scale circulation patterns like the southern oscillation may change), inter-model comparison shows considerable variabi ...
... strengthen more quickly in the future than projected and that they may have more severe impacts than estimated.” In addition, for some climate phenomena (such as the way that large scale circulation patterns like the southern oscillation may change), inter-model comparison shows considerable variabi ...
1. Climate Change and Insect Pest Distribution Range, Andrea
... Fig. 1.1. Schematic representation of the dynamics of distribution range and effects of changes in climate. (a) Effects of changing climate on the distribution of organisms in the northern hemisphere (modified from Gorodkov, 1985). The horizontal axis represents the latitude and the vertical axis the ...
... Fig. 1.1. Schematic representation of the dynamics of distribution range and effects of changes in climate. (a) Effects of changing climate on the distribution of organisms in the northern hemisphere (modified from Gorodkov, 1985). The horizontal axis represents the latitude and the vertical axis the ...
Recent radical shifts of atmospheric circulations and rapid changes
... cover over the North Pacific Arctic, which has been manifested by the weather forecast product and ice mass balance buoy [Perovich et al., 2008]. Taken together, the extreme loss of sea-ice area occurred. ...
... cover over the North Pacific Arctic, which has been manifested by the weather forecast product and ice mass balance buoy [Perovich et al., 2008]. Taken together, the extreme loss of sea-ice area occurred. ...
chapter
... and seasonally. The principal controls of temperature are latitude, altitude, land-water heating differences, and cloud cover. The pattern of world temperatures and their annual ranges are in Chapter 5 (see Figures 5.14, 5.15, 5.17, and 5.18). Temperature variations result from a coupling of dynamic ...
... and seasonally. The principal controls of temperature are latitude, altitude, land-water heating differences, and cloud cover. The pattern of world temperatures and their annual ranges are in Chapter 5 (see Figures 5.14, 5.15, 5.17, and 5.18). Temperature variations result from a coupling of dynamic ...
PDF - sudan academy of sciences
... pressure on these resources, and has thereby led to serious degradation in biodiversity and the rest of ecosystems components. The end result has been negative impact on the well–being of the rural communities. The indirect factors for the degradation of the natural resource base can be attributed t ...
... pressure on these resources, and has thereby led to serious degradation in biodiversity and the rest of ecosystems components. The end result has been negative impact on the well–being of the rural communities. The indirect factors for the degradation of the natural resource base can be attributed t ...
the global monsoon systems
... also increasingly refers to regions where there is a clear alternation between winter dry and summer rainy seasons. According to this definition, the monsoon region is distributed globally over all tropical continents, and in the tropical oceans in the western North Pacific, eastern North Pacific, a ...
... also increasingly refers to regions where there is a clear alternation between winter dry and summer rainy seasons. According to this definition, the monsoon region is distributed globally over all tropical continents, and in the tropical oceans in the western North Pacific, eastern North Pacific, a ...
Denman-Opening_Talk
... Global warming is here to stay • Annual rates of emissions of CO2 are increasing, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future (at least 30 years, due to coal generation plants) [see next 2 slides] • Polluting aerosols will be tackled and reduced due their short atmospheric lifetimes and to ...
... Global warming is here to stay • Annual rates of emissions of CO2 are increasing, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future (at least 30 years, due to coal generation plants) [see next 2 slides] • Polluting aerosols will be tackled and reduced due their short atmospheric lifetimes and to ...
The Australian Aerosol and Climate Research Program: A
... accurately represented in ACCESS. This will include verification studies. Long-term program combining climate models with observations to ensure that feedbacks are being adequately captured. Immediate- to long-term program to continue accurate incorporation of climate change science in projections f ...
... accurately represented in ACCESS. This will include verification studies. Long-term program combining climate models with observations to ensure that feedbacks are being adequately captured. Immediate- to long-term program to continue accurate incorporation of climate change science in projections f ...
Impact of climate change on marine and coastal
... Ever since time immemorial climate change has been part of the natural order of our planet. There is evidence that the highly perceptible increase in green house gases has been growing since the beginning of the 20th century and contributes towards the amplification of these changes and makes them p ...
... Ever since time immemorial climate change has been part of the natural order of our planet. There is evidence that the highly perceptible increase in green house gases has been growing since the beginning of the 20th century and contributes towards the amplification of these changes and makes them p ...
Multilateral Climate Change Mitigation
... higher than a century ago. 25 The Greenland ice sheet has been losing ice at an alarming rate of fifty cubic kilometers a year. 26 A rise in this rate will significantly increase sea levels. According to Hansen, "[w] e are getting dangerously close to the tipping point for the Arctic, as summer sea ...
... higher than a century ago. 25 The Greenland ice sheet has been losing ice at an alarming rate of fifty cubic kilometers a year. 26 A rise in this rate will significantly increase sea levels. According to Hansen, "[w] e are getting dangerously close to the tipping point for the Arctic, as summer sea ...
Climate Change, Planning and Development in the Eastern
... To understand the effects of climate change on REROC’s planning and development policies and practices, it is important to firstly understand what climate change is and how it will potentially affect the region. The terms weather and climate tend to be used interchangeably, however they represent tw ...
... To understand the effects of climate change on REROC’s planning and development policies and practices, it is important to firstly understand what climate change is and how it will potentially affect the region. The terms weather and climate tend to be used interchangeably, however they represent tw ...
Effects of land use/land cover and climate changes on surface runoff
... water quantity and quality (Gassman et al., 2007). The hydrological responses to LULC and climate changes are often investigated through scenario simulations using the SWAT model. Although substantial progress has been made in assessing the impacts of LULC and climate changes on water resources (Kry ...
... water quantity and quality (Gassman et al., 2007). The hydrological responses to LULC and climate changes are often investigated through scenario simulations using the SWAT model. Although substantial progress has been made in assessing the impacts of LULC and climate changes on water resources (Kry ...
Exercise 5: Identifying and ranking adaptive capacity
... Exercise V: Identifying and ranking adaptive capacity TA Westmecklenburg No Identified adaptive capacity in the Factors influencing the adaptive TA Westmecklenburg capacity in the TA Westmecklenburg ...
... Exercise V: Identifying and ranking adaptive capacity TA Westmecklenburg No Identified adaptive capacity in the Factors influencing the adaptive TA Westmecklenburg capacity in the TA Westmecklenburg ...
Invitation to submit views on the development of Ireland`s first
... level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. It goes on to state that such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable econ ...
... level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. It goes on to state that such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable econ ...
OPEN-ENDED CONSULTATION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
... Mr. Knox stated that human rights law requires the Maldives and states like it do all they can to protect the inhabitants of their territory. However, in the face of climate change, national action would not be enough to avoid harm to human rights. In that regard, human rights law recognized that it ...
... Mr. Knox stated that human rights law requires the Maldives and states like it do all they can to protect the inhabitants of their territory. However, in the face of climate change, national action would not be enough to avoid harm to human rights. In that regard, human rights law recognized that it ...
Science Communication
... of the modern environmental movement during the 1960s, these institutions absorbed the conservation ethic and promoted it in their programs (Davis, 1996). Barrett (2011) notes museums’ historical importance as public institutions involved in the political process. She reworks Habermas’s (1989) notio ...
... of the modern environmental movement during the 1960s, these institutions absorbed the conservation ethic and promoted it in their programs (Davis, 1996). Barrett (2011) notes museums’ historical importance as public institutions involved in the political process. She reworks Habermas’s (1989) notio ...
How positive is the feedback between climate change and the
... for the period 1860–2100. Despite the neglect of important climatological forcing factors (such as other GHGs and sulfate aerosols) the IPSL model does a good job of reproducing the observed rise in atmospheric CO2 and temperature for 1860–2000. The Hadley model overestimates both global warming and ...
... for the period 1860–2100. Despite the neglect of important climatological forcing factors (such as other GHGs and sulfate aerosols) the IPSL model does a good job of reproducing the observed rise in atmospheric CO2 and temperature for 1860–2000. The Hadley model overestimates both global warming and ...
In Brief: Meaningful and Cost Effective Climate Policy:
... market-based policy instruments targeting greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions, because no other approach can do the job and do it at acceptable cost. By “putting a price on carbon,” market-based polices harness the power of our free enterprise system to reduce pollution at the lowest costs. Recent conce ...
... market-based policy instruments targeting greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions, because no other approach can do the job and do it at acceptable cost. By “putting a price on carbon,” market-based polices harness the power of our free enterprise system to reduce pollution at the lowest costs. Recent conce ...
Evidence for parallel adaptation to climate across the natural range
... ª 2013 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
... ª 2013 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
Evaluating the Use of Ocean Models of Different Complexity in
... additional uncertainties in the forcing itself, especially in the indirect forcing by aerosols (IPCC, 2001). Unfortunately, the available observations for the 20th century can only place limited constraints on these key quantities (Andronova & Schlesinger, 2002; Gregory et al., 2002; Forest et al., ...
... additional uncertainties in the forcing itself, especially in the indirect forcing by aerosols (IPCC, 2001). Unfortunately, the available observations for the 20th century can only place limited constraints on these key quantities (Andronova & Schlesinger, 2002; Gregory et al., 2002; Forest et al., ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).