how does the theologizing of physics contribute to - Philsci
... Like most scientific models or theories that are at the center of an active and growing research field worked in by thousands of scientists all over the world, global climate models have been criticized, adjusted, evaluated and refined throughout their 40 year history. While acknowledging both weakn ...
... Like most scientific models or theories that are at the center of an active and growing research field worked in by thousands of scientists all over the world, global climate models have been criticized, adjusted, evaluated and refined throughout their 40 year history. While acknowledging both weakn ...
Introduction - San Jose State University
... Years – El Niño Decades -- Pacific Decadal Oscillation Centuries – Warming during 20th Century (Increase in greenhouse gases?) Tens of thousands of Years – Irregularities in Earth’s motions Millions of Years – Geologic Processes ...
... Years – El Niño Decades -- Pacific Decadal Oscillation Centuries – Warming during 20th Century (Increase in greenhouse gases?) Tens of thousands of Years – Irregularities in Earth’s motions Millions of Years – Geologic Processes ...
Module e – Impact assessment
... • ISO 14040 definition: calculation of the magnitude of category indicator results to reference information • Reference information (over a given period of time): – area (e.g., France, Europe, the world) – person (e.g., a Danish citizen) – product (e.g., the most frequently used product) ...
... • ISO 14040 definition: calculation of the magnitude of category indicator results to reference information • Reference information (over a given period of time): – area (e.g., France, Europe, the world) – person (e.g., a Danish citizen) – product (e.g., the most frequently used product) ...
Historical responsibility for climate change: science and the science-policy interface
... review dissects the core assumptions underlying very different definitions of HR, ranging from strictly proportional to strictly conceptual versions. Our aim is to illuminate the full breadth of the complexities involved in scientifically defining HR and to discuss how these complexities have conse ...
... review dissects the core assumptions underlying very different definitions of HR, ranging from strictly proportional to strictly conceptual versions. Our aim is to illuminate the full breadth of the complexities involved in scientifically defining HR and to discuss how these complexities have conse ...
Climate change effects on rangelands and rangeland management
... Inventory, and Monitoring Strategy designed to assess rangeland health at various scales from local to regional (Toevs et al. 2011, Taylor et al. 2012). The USDI National Park Service has developed an ecological monitoring program for its parks, although individual indicators can vary from park to p ...
... Inventory, and Monitoring Strategy designed to assess rangeland health at various scales from local to regional (Toevs et al. 2011, Taylor et al. 2012). The USDI National Park Service has developed an ecological monitoring program for its parks, although individual indicators can vary from park to p ...
Multi-hazard Risks and Vulnerable Populations in the Caribbean
... temporal analysis of demographic, socioeconomic, land-use, and climate dynamics in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico Region. We use the county as the administrative unit of analysis to investigate spatial patterns of multi-hazard risk and vulnerability and to identify areas where climate vulnerabili ...
... temporal analysis of demographic, socioeconomic, land-use, and climate dynamics in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico Region. We use the county as the administrative unit of analysis to investigate spatial patterns of multi-hazard risk and vulnerability and to identify areas where climate vulnerabili ...
http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/019/k7582e.pdf
... Climate change is already affecting the seasonality of some biological processes, radically altering marine and freshwater food webs, with somewhat unpredictable consequences for aquaculture. Increased risks of species invasions and spreading of vector-borne diseases raise further concerns. Differen ...
... Climate change is already affecting the seasonality of some biological processes, radically altering marine and freshwater food webs, with somewhat unpredictable consequences for aquaculture. Increased risks of species invasions and spreading of vector-borne diseases raise further concerns. Differen ...
Germany`s International Approach to Climate Change
... average global warming to two degrees Celsius. But we need this action now - because time is running out. In Copenhagen the international community agreed in principle on additional fast start financial support for developing countries. This pledge ...
... average global warming to two degrees Celsius. But we need this action now - because time is running out. In Copenhagen the international community agreed in principle on additional fast start financial support for developing countries. This pledge ...
Interacting Regional-Scale Regime Shifts for Biodiversity and
... for examples of underlying tipping point mechanisms). Socioeconomic regime shifts are related to the vulnerabilities, adaptive capacities, and transformative capabilities of societies in the face of local and global pressures (table 2; Scheffer 2009, Leadley et al. 2010). Biophysical regime shifts ...
... for examples of underlying tipping point mechanisms). Socioeconomic regime shifts are related to the vulnerabilities, adaptive capacities, and transformative capabilities of societies in the face of local and global pressures (table 2; Scheffer 2009, Leadley et al. 2010). Biophysical regime shifts ...
Defeating Kyoto: The Conservative Movement`s Impact
... evidence, including the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in the United States and the Royal Society in the United Kingdom, endorse this consensus. In the mid-1990s, the IPCC (1995) claimed, “the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human inuence on global climate” (p. 22). In a recent revie ...
... evidence, including the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in the United States and the Royal Society in the United Kingdom, endorse this consensus. In the mid-1990s, the IPCC (1995) claimed, “the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human inuence on global climate” (p. 22). In a recent revie ...
Report 4A - Land and water use options for climate change adaptation and mitigation in agriculture
... with mitigation activities [2.2]. The benefits of adaptation of land and water management are most pronounced with low to moderate warming. This effective response has been characterized as ‘buying time’, i.e. a way to provide successful, albeit temporary, coping strategies to reduce production loss ...
... with mitigation activities [2.2]. The benefits of adaptation of land and water management are most pronounced with low to moderate warming. This effective response has been characterized as ‘buying time’, i.e. a way to provide successful, albeit temporary, coping strategies to reduce production loss ...
Defeating Kyoto: The Conservative Movement`s Impact on U.S.
... evidence, including the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in the United States and the Royal Society in the United Kingdom, endorse this consensus. In the mid-1990s, the IPCC (1995) claimed, “the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human inuence on global climate” (p. 22). In a recent revie ...
... evidence, including the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in the United States and the Royal Society in the United Kingdom, endorse this consensus. In the mid-1990s, the IPCC (1995) claimed, “the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human inuence on global climate” (p. 22). In a recent revie ...
Transcript from COP-22 Ocean Panel moderated by Fred Krueger
... Now given the importance of oceans to the climate system, and for taxonomic, for biodiversity, for producing oxygen, for holding heat, it was not even 10 years ago that the standard model for measuring climate change failed to include the oceans. To me that’s amazing. While I may say that the ocean ...
... Now given the importance of oceans to the climate system, and for taxonomic, for biodiversity, for producing oxygen, for holding heat, it was not even 10 years ago that the standard model for measuring climate change failed to include the oceans. To me that’s amazing. While I may say that the ocean ...
14 Climate change: science and the precautionary principle
... (CFCs) and the ozone-hole, X-rays and acid rain. This decision was taken despite the then widespread acceptance that 'the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate' (IPCC, 1995a). Over a decade later and after two more reviews by the Intergovernmental Panel on Clim ...
... (CFCs) and the ozone-hole, X-rays and acid rain. This decision was taken despite the then widespread acceptance that 'the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate' (IPCC, 1995a). Over a decade later and after two more reviews by the Intergovernmental Panel on Clim ...
Climate Variability, Climate Change and Western Water
... Rivers index, northern California .............................. 8 Darwin Southern Oscillation Index ....................... follows 10 Change (from 1955-74 to 1975-94) of annual land-surface air temperature and sea surface temperature ............. follows 12 The pattern of surface temperature chan ...
... Rivers index, northern California .............................. 8 Darwin Southern Oscillation Index ....................... follows 10 Change (from 1955-74 to 1975-94) of annual land-surface air temperature and sea surface temperature ............. follows 12 The pattern of surface temperature chan ...
Chapter 9 Climate Research and Climate Politics in Germany
... was again achieved through hybrid institutions, two Enquête Commissions (EK) on the “Protection of the Earth's Atmosphere”. Enquête commissions are elements peculiar to the German political system. They are initiated by the German parliament, the Bundestag, to supply scientific evidence and advice o ...
... was again achieved through hybrid institutions, two Enquête Commissions (EK) on the “Protection of the Earth's Atmosphere”. Enquête commissions are elements peculiar to the German political system. They are initiated by the German parliament, the Bundestag, to supply scientific evidence and advice o ...
Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
... Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas with a 100-year global warming potential 21 times that of CO2 and an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 12 years.34 About 60% of global methane emissions are due to human activities.35 The main sources of anthropogenic methane emissions are oil and gas systems ...
... Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas with a 100-year global warming potential 21 times that of CO2 and an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 12 years.34 About 60% of global methane emissions are due to human activities.35 The main sources of anthropogenic methane emissions are oil and gas systems ...
Streamflow timing of mountain rivers in spain: Recent changes and
... This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. ...
... This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. ...
The potential contribution of British Columbia`s forest sector to
... cross-laminated lumber produced from wood harvested in BC will reduce BC forest C stocks, but increase C stored in harvested wood products (inside and outside of BC) and reduce emissions where such wood is used to substitute concrete or steel products with the associated high emissions in the region ...
... cross-laminated lumber produced from wood harvested in BC will reduce BC forest C stocks, but increase C stored in harvested wood products (inside and outside of BC) and reduce emissions where such wood is used to substitute concrete or steel products with the associated high emissions in the region ...
STEP 1: Proposer Contact Information
... energy services. While the energy sector is a primary contributor to climate change, its supply and demand infrastructure is vulnerable to climate impacts. Ignoring the potential impacts to the energy sector could lead to energy system instability. Forestry: Forests provide a wide variety of environ ...
... energy services. While the energy sector is a primary contributor to climate change, its supply and demand infrastructure is vulnerable to climate impacts. Ignoring the potential impacts to the energy sector could lead to energy system instability. Forestry: Forests provide a wide variety of environ ...
How increasing CO2 leads to an increased negative greenhouse
... the GHE and the instantaneous radiative forcing (∂FTOA/∂εc) are usually positive. However, if the surface is colder than the atmosphere, the sign of the second term in equation (1) is negative. Consequently, the system loses more energy to space due to the presence of greenhouse gases. The GHE and ...
... the GHE and the instantaneous radiative forcing (∂FTOA/∂εc) are usually positive. However, if the surface is colder than the atmosphere, the sign of the second term in equation (1) is negative. Consequently, the system loses more energy to space due to the presence of greenhouse gases. The GHE and ...
backgrounder - The Heritage Foundation
... Paris agreement and support reversing domestic regulations nonetheless argue that it is better to remain in the agreement so that the U.S. can continue to have a seat at the table. According to this argument, remaining in the agreement poses no threat because the carbon dioxide reduction targets are ...
... Paris agreement and support reversing domestic regulations nonetheless argue that it is better to remain in the agreement so that the U.S. can continue to have a seat at the table. According to this argument, remaining in the agreement poses no threat because the carbon dioxide reduction targets are ...
Functional and Phylogenetic Approaches to Forecasting Species
... directions and to different extents. These individualistic range shifts are inconsistent with the most common technique for predicting species’ distribution responses to change—correlative species distribution models (SDMs). These models estimate a species’ niche by correlating localities to environ ...
... directions and to different extents. These individualistic range shifts are inconsistent with the most common technique for predicting species’ distribution responses to change—correlative species distribution models (SDMs). These models estimate a species’ niche by correlating localities to environ ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).