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... Farmers’ Perception on the Impact of Climate Change The farmers’ perception on the climate change was assessed using yes or no type questions and the results are presented in Table 3. Most of the farmers were not able to express their perception on climate change directly but they expressed through ...
NG-ACCESS
NG-ACCESS

... aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and technical advice. To the extent permitted by law, CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorol ...
Template: Tribal Climate Change Adaptation Plan
Template: Tribal Climate Change Adaptation Plan

... A number of guidebooks and resources have been developed by different organizations and agencies that provide frameworks and tools for climate change assessment and adaptation planning. A place to get started is the U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit. This website provides an introduction to adaptation ...
Samoa
Samoa

... Climate Risk Profile (CRP). Young. W.: 2007 best estimates of long term, systematic changes in the average climate for Samoa indicate that by 2050 sea level is likely to have increased by 36 cm; rainfall shall increase by 1.2%; extreme wind gusts by 7%, and maximum temperatures by 0.7˚ C. However, t ...
Climate Security and Justice for Small Island Developing States
Climate Security and Justice for Small Island Developing States

... without extensive legal reform.24 Indeed, even if an island state lost its “effective statehood” on the ground because of climate change, other states would be morally constrained in sanctioning its death, not least because it was their collective action that caused climate change.25 ...
Document
Document

... Gloucestershire has a long flood history and it has been recent events such as the summer flooding of 2007, spring flooding of 2012 and winter flooding of 2013/14 that have been most recently notable, in terms of impact (Posthumus et al. 2008, 2009). A farmer postal survey was undertaken during Nove ...
American Meteorological Society Member Survey on Global
American Meteorological Society Member Survey on Global

... The  aim  of  the  survey  was  to  answer  the  following  five  research  questions:     RQ1:  Do  AMS  members  feel  there  is  unproductive  conflict  about  climate   change  within  AMS?    If  so,  what  do  they  see  as ...
State/Territory Government Department
State/Territory Government Department

... manage their land for conservation in line with international guidelines, so that its plants, animals and cultural sites are protected for the benefit of all Australians. Indigenous emissions trading element On 5 October 2007, The Australian Government announced a commitment to provide $10 million o ...
PDF - Soil Not Oil
PDF - Soil Not Oil

The business case for action - BASIC
The business case for action - BASIC

... •Establish a long term, market-based policy framework extending to 2030 that will give investors in climate change mitigation confidence in the long term value of their investments. Establishing indicative signals extending to 2050 would also be beneficial •Ensure that the policy framework is global ...
PDF
PDF

... reduce, keeping agricultural practices an genetic materials constant, Arabica coffee yields and quality in the main coffee producing countries. Ovalle-Rivera et al. (2015) estimated that the acreage with aptitude for growing Arabica coffee would be reduced for all producing countries by 2050, moving ...
Federal Climate Change Funding from FY2008 to FY2014
Federal Climate Change Funding from FY2008 to FY2014

... Federal funding for these activities described in this report differs across these priorities and has shifted over time. Policy instruments and programs depend on funding to differing degrees to be effective; some rely on large amounts of direct federal investment (e.g., in federal R&D) while others ...
PFCs
PFCs

... This report considers the effects of total emissions of ODSs and their substitutes on the climate system and the ozone layer. In particular, this provides a context for understanding how replacement options could affect global warming. The report does not attempt to cover comprehensively the effect ...
The business case for action
The business case for action

... •Establish a long term, market-based policy framework extending to 2030 that will give investors in climate change mitigation confidence in the long term value of their investments. Establishing indicative signals extending to 2050 would also be beneficial •Ensure that the policy framework is global ...
the whole inaugural address as pdf
the whole inaugural address as pdf

... defined policy question to be answered. If so, the interaction between scientists and policymakers can be best described as that between policymakers and expert consultants exchanging clear questions and relatively clearly defined answers. Think, for instance, of the question: ‘What would be the be ...
Changes in Snow Cover and Snow Water Equivalent Due to Global
Changes in Snow Cover and Snow Water Equivalent Due to Global

... over a 10 year period were conducted using a 20 kmmesh atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), and changes in snow due to global warming were investigated, excluding areas with perpetual snow. In accumulating and melting seasons, the snow cover decreases in almost the entire snow area; for the ...
Investigation - Earthjustice
Investigation - Earthjustice

paper  - IASC Network on Arctic Glaciology
paper - IASC Network on Arctic Glaciology

... climate, all glaciers and ice caps found there are subject to considerable melting and runoff in summer. Therefore Arctic glaciers and ice caps are sensitive to climatic change: a small increase in temperature will have an immediate effect on the melting and runoff. In view of the expected enhanced ...
Session 2: who is responsible?
Session 2: who is responsible?

... Through exploring non-renewable energy sources, I can describe how they are used in Scotland today and express an informed view on the implications for their future use. SCN 2-04b Social Studies I can discuss the environmental impact of human activity and suggest ways in which we can live in a more ...
The Early Twentieth-Century Warming in the Arctic—A Possible
The Early Twentieth-Century Warming in the Arctic—A Possible

... (Räisänen 2002) was a maximum warming in the Arctic, a modest warming in the Tropics, and a minimum warming at the higher latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. In fact, in the study reported by Bengtsson (2001, his Fig 7) the actual forcing was negative over parts of the Northern Hemisphere (green ...
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of

... to climate change forcings. Copyright  2007 Royal Meteorological Society KEY WORDS ...
Research and systematic observation
Research and systematic observation

... Arctic) project will assess current scientific information on changes in the Arctic cryosphere, including impacts of climate change on ice, snow and permafrost characteristics of the Arctic, which have potentially far reaching implications for both the Arctic and the Earth as a whole. The Internatio ...
Climate Change Impacts and Responses in Bangladesh
Climate Change Impacts and Responses in Bangladesh

... increased drainage congestion due to higher water levels, which will be exacerbated by other factors associated with climate change such as siltation of estuary branches in line with increased surface runoff, and higher riverbed levels. Higher temperatures will result in increased glacier melt, incr ...
Why Have the Leading Journals in Management
Why Have the Leading Journals in Management

... It is necessary to establish an objective measure of research interest in the topic. To do this, I use bibliometric methods. I count how many times the top-30 business and management journals reference the terms “global warming” or “climate change” in their article titles, abstracts, or key words1. ...
Climate Change Commission Context of NAMA Development in the Philippines  Alona Arreza
Climate Change Commission Context of NAMA Development in the Philippines Alona Arreza

... o Potential set of indicators in context of a NAMA (details to be elaborated in the proposed NAMA support project)  Quantitative technical: milestones achieved  Economical: funds granted, investment triggered, jobs created  Process:  scientific preparation in progress (milestones!)  stakeholder ...
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Attribution of recent climate change



Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).
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