Preventology: Bring back prevention
... “Damnages” = known adverse impacts that are allowed to take place • Preventing also works hand in hand with adaptation and mitigation In a few ways: • We can focus on preventing the ripple effects of an impact of adaptation or mitigation. • Prevention is the 3rd leg of the tripod along with adaptat ...
... “Damnages” = known adverse impacts that are allowed to take place • Preventing also works hand in hand with adaptation and mitigation In a few ways: • We can focus on preventing the ripple effects of an impact of adaptation or mitigation. • Prevention is the 3rd leg of the tripod along with adaptat ...
Sample Chapter - Brookings Institution
... truly a mixed bag. Some of these gases, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat in the atmosphere and have fostered temperature levels in recent centuries conducive to staggering rates of agricultural and economic productivity as well as population growth. Many of these gases are familiar to the most basi ...
... truly a mixed bag. Some of these gases, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat in the atmosphere and have fostered temperature levels in recent centuries conducive to staggering rates of agricultural and economic productivity as well as population growth. Many of these gases are familiar to the most basi ...
AEROSOL INDIRECT EFFECT
... Why are we interested in aerosols? Pollution plumes off of Asia: they are of continental proportions. ...
... Why are we interested in aerosols? Pollution plumes off of Asia: they are of continental proportions. ...
Climate change, the environment and armed con
... Henrik Urdal, ‘Demographic Aspects of Climate Change, Environmental Degradation and Armed Conflict’, United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development, 2008 at p. 3 [hereafter, Urdal 2008]. See also generally, Håvard Hegre and Nicholas S ...
... Henrik Urdal, ‘Demographic Aspects of Climate Change, Environmental Degradation and Armed Conflict’, United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development, 2008 at p. 3 [hereafter, Urdal 2008]. See also generally, Håvard Hegre and Nicholas S ...
greenhouse - viXra.org
... 2009). In fact, it isn’t, unless you whitewash the roof of the greenhouse to simulate increases in cloud cover due to the evaporation of water from oceans! A greenhouse is a false model for CO2 effects, because unlike a greenhouse the earth’s surface area is 70% water, which evaporates faster when C ...
... 2009). In fact, it isn’t, unless you whitewash the roof of the greenhouse to simulate increases in cloud cover due to the evaporation of water from oceans! A greenhouse is a false model for CO2 effects, because unlike a greenhouse the earth’s surface area is 70% water, which evaporates faster when C ...
here - circle-2
... each location. As a result, their work also represents a great number of advances towards an integrated, proactive, and interdisciplinary management approach to the problems facing Mediterranean coastal areas. With this goal in mind, the participatory experiments undertaken at the local level have b ...
... each location. As a result, their work also represents a great number of advances towards an integrated, proactive, and interdisciplinary management approach to the problems facing Mediterranean coastal areas. With this goal in mind, the participatory experiments undertaken at the local level have b ...
Presentation ()
... Expect phenotypic changes that depart from the historical condition, for example More resident fish Smaller fish Different out-migration timing Different return timing ...
... Expect phenotypic changes that depart from the historical condition, for example More resident fish Smaller fish Different out-migration timing Different return timing ...
Biodiversity Climate Change Impacts
... • There is strong evidence that climate change is affecting UK biodiversity. Impacts are expected to increase as the magnitude of climate change increases. • Many species are occurring further north, including some which have colonised large parts of the UK from continental Europe. There are also ...
... • There is strong evidence that climate change is affecting UK biodiversity. Impacts are expected to increase as the magnitude of climate change increases. • Many species are occurring further north, including some which have colonised large parts of the UK from continental Europe. There are also ...
11. Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial
... • Planet re-emits this energy (heat) as infrared (IR) light. • planet’s temperature lower than Sun ...
... • Planet re-emits this energy (heat) as infrared (IR) light. • planet’s temperature lower than Sun ...
world development report 2010: Development and Climate Change
... Sources: DOE 2009; World Bank 2008c; WRI 2008 augmented with land-use change emissions from Houghton 2009. Note: The data cover over 200 countries for more recent years. Data are not available for all countries in the 19th century, but all major emitters of the era are included. Carbon dioxide (CO2) ...
... Sources: DOE 2009; World Bank 2008c; WRI 2008 augmented with land-use change emissions from Houghton 2009. Note: The data cover over 200 countries for more recent years. Data are not available for all countries in the 19th century, but all major emitters of the era are included. Carbon dioxide (CO2) ...
The Economics of Climate Change Impacts: A Case Study on
... Although it did not recommend a level at which GHGs should be stabilized, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) found that substantial reductions, well below those required under the Kyoto Protocol, would be required to avoid many adverse impacts of climate change. For example, the ...
... Although it did not recommend a level at which GHGs should be stabilized, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) found that substantial reductions, well below those required under the Kyoto Protocol, would be required to avoid many adverse impacts of climate change. For example, the ...
995
... that correspond to various aspects of physiological stress (seasonal means, cumulative temperature and the return time of extremes) we show that these potential environmental stressors do not always occur in synchrony with one another. Our analysis also shows that patterns of animal temperature are ...
... that correspond to various aspects of physiological stress (seasonal means, cumulative temperature and the return time of extremes) we show that these potential environmental stressors do not always occur in synchrony with one another. Our analysis also shows that patterns of animal temperature are ...
CHAPTER 6: Tropical Marine
... planned for in any contemporary conservation efforts. A variety of emergent stressors associated with climate variability and change, reviewed below, are of increasing concern to scientists and mangers. INCREASING SEA TEMPERATURES ...
... planned for in any contemporary conservation efforts. A variety of emergent stressors associated with climate variability and change, reviewed below, are of increasing concern to scientists and mangers. INCREASING SEA TEMPERATURES ...
What is climate change?
... The green house effect and climate change • Estimates indicate that since 1991, the global atmosphere concentration of carbon dioxide has been increasing at a rate of about 1.8 parts per million or 0018% per year. • These trace gases in the atmosphere notably carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methan ...
... The green house effect and climate change • Estimates indicate that since 1991, the global atmosphere concentration of carbon dioxide has been increasing at a rate of about 1.8 parts per million or 0018% per year. • These trace gases in the atmosphere notably carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methan ...
The IPCC`s Fifth Assessment Report
... that the Earth’s climate is warming.2 Since the 1950s, the rate of global warming has been unprecedented compared to previous decades and millennia. The Fifth Assessment Report presents a long list of changes that scientists have observed around the world. Since the mid-19th century, the average inc ...
... that the Earth’s climate is warming.2 Since the 1950s, the rate of global warming has been unprecedented compared to previous decades and millennia. The Fifth Assessment Report presents a long list of changes that scientists have observed around the world. Since the mid-19th century, the average inc ...
Climate-change studies in the western Himalaya
... western disturbances in the Himalaya activate monsoons in certain areas of northwestern India. They also studied trends in the annual pre-monsoon (March–May) frequency of western disturbances and the onset date of monsoon over north India for the period 1971–2000 and found that frequency of May west ...
... western disturbances in the Himalaya activate monsoons in certain areas of northwestern India. They also studied trends in the annual pre-monsoon (March–May) frequency of western disturbances and the onset date of monsoon over north India for the period 1971–2000 and found that frequency of May west ...
PDF
... While REAP’s strength lies in the specification of crop production detail for major commodity crops, the model’s structure also allows for a limited set of adaptation behaviors within the livestock sector. The model permits livestock producers to change what they feed livestock, for instance, by sw ...
... While REAP’s strength lies in the specification of crop production detail for major commodity crops, the model’s structure also allows for a limited set of adaptation behaviors within the livestock sector. The model permits livestock producers to change what they feed livestock, for instance, by sw ...
Download country chapter
... research. Covering the 2010 to 2015 period, the Agricultural Sector Development Strategy and Investment Plan recognises that agricultural activities can have a major impact on environmental issues such as land use and degradation, soil and water pollution, deforestation and loss of biodiversity. As ...
... research. Covering the 2010 to 2015 period, the Agricultural Sector Development Strategy and Investment Plan recognises that agricultural activities can have a major impact on environmental issues such as land use and degradation, soil and water pollution, deforestation and loss of biodiversity. As ...
Climatic drivers of potential hazards in Mediterranean coasts
... which can act as a barrier constraining water circulation and, thus, affecting water quality (Sánchez-Arcilla et al. 2007). The associated changes in land use have become a major driver and indicator of environmental change. This can be illustrated by conflicts between past and present land uses or ...
... which can act as a barrier constraining water circulation and, thus, affecting water quality (Sánchez-Arcilla et al. 2007). The associated changes in land use have become a major driver and indicator of environmental change. This can be illustrated by conflicts between past and present land uses or ...
Potential impacts of aerosol–land–atmosphere interactions on the Indian monsoonal rainfall characteristics
... Aerosols can affect the radiative flux at the TOA and, even more profoundly, at the surface, thereby affecting biospheric processes. Therefore, changes in the diffuse radiation fraction as a result of aerosol loading would appear to have the potential to have an impact on the efficiency of land–atmo ...
... Aerosols can affect the radiative flux at the TOA and, even more profoundly, at the surface, thereby affecting biospheric processes. Therefore, changes in the diffuse radiation fraction as a result of aerosol loading would appear to have the potential to have an impact on the efficiency of land–atmo ...
Future Weather
... Intense events of local precipitation have a large influence on society. They are associated with local flooding, erosion and water damage, and may have impacts on transport and safety. It is commonly expected that precipitation extremes will increase as the climate warms (see box). In an earlier st ...
... Intense events of local precipitation have a large influence on society. They are associated with local flooding, erosion and water damage, and may have impacts on transport and safety. It is commonly expected that precipitation extremes will increase as the climate warms (see box). In an earlier st ...
Appendix D: Economic modelling and adaptation to climate change
... A study by BRANZ (2007) considered the costs and benefits of retrofitting housing in New Zealand to deal with the impacts of climate change. The study considered adaptation options, including increasing the number of nails in roofs, increasing insulation, using stronger steel, installing water tank ...
... A study by BRANZ (2007) considered the costs and benefits of retrofitting housing in New Zealand to deal with the impacts of climate change. The study considered adaptation options, including increasing the number of nails in roofs, increasing insulation, using stronger steel, installing water tank ...
appeal to authority
... calculated by the climate models of the IPCC. When Arrhenius developed his theories about the effect of CO2 on the global temperature he did not have the benefit of Quantum Physics to define the process, and falsely assumed an incorrect relationship. The IPCC models are based on the assumptions of A ...
... calculated by the climate models of the IPCC. When Arrhenius developed his theories about the effect of CO2 on the global temperature he did not have the benefit of Quantum Physics to define the process, and falsely assumed an incorrect relationship. The IPCC models are based on the assumptions of A ...
Alignment to Michigan Educational Standards- Earth Science
... Explain how carbon exists in different forms such as limestone (rock), carbon dioxide (gas), carbonic acid (water), and animals (life) within Earth systems and how those forms can be beneficial or harmful to humans. Explain why small amounts of some chemical forms may be beneficial for life but are ...
... Explain how carbon exists in different forms such as limestone (rock), carbon dioxide (gas), carbonic acid (water), and animals (life) within Earth systems and how those forms can be beneficial or harmful to humans. Explain why small amounts of some chemical forms may be beneficial for life but are ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).