appeal to authority
... calculated by the climate models of the IPCC. When Arrhenius developed his theories about the effect of CO2 on the global temperature he did not have the benefit of Quantum Physics to define the process, and falsely assumed an incorrect relationship. The IPCC models are based on the assumptions of A ...
... calculated by the climate models of the IPCC. When Arrhenius developed his theories about the effect of CO2 on the global temperature he did not have the benefit of Quantum Physics to define the process, and falsely assumed an incorrect relationship. The IPCC models are based on the assumptions of A ...
Deep-ocean contribution to sea level and energy budget - e
... series has a linear trend of 2.0 ± 0.1 mm yr−1 . The uncertainties quoted here (and throughout unless otherwise noted) represent random errors plus the formal error from the linear fit estimated as described in Methods. Systematic errors (that is, temporally correlated) are dealt with separately, as ...
... series has a linear trend of 2.0 ± 0.1 mm yr−1 . The uncertainties quoted here (and throughout unless otherwise noted) represent random errors plus the formal error from the linear fit estimated as described in Methods. Systematic errors (that is, temporally correlated) are dealt with separately, as ...
Chapter 5
... mainland in 2071-2100 will, compared to now, have some 35-40 more days with a maximum daily temperature of 35ºC or more, while even greater will be the increase (by around 50 at the national level) in the number of tropical nights (when minimum temperatures do not fall below 20ºC). On the other hand ...
... mainland in 2071-2100 will, compared to now, have some 35-40 more days with a maximum daily temperature of 35ºC or more, while even greater will be the increase (by around 50 at the national level) in the number of tropical nights (when minimum temperatures do not fall below 20ºC). On the other hand ...
Annex 7 - Science Search
... development, reproduction and dispersal. Changes in environmental conditions will have direct effects on the pests and pathogens themselves and such changes can be studied in the laboratory and modelled mathematically to produce forecasts. Many pests will be able to produce more generations per year ...
... development, reproduction and dispersal. Changes in environmental conditions will have direct effects on the pests and pathogens themselves and such changes can be studied in the laboratory and modelled mathematically to produce forecasts. Many pests will be able to produce more generations per year ...
loss and damage
... Now, after two years of relief, rebuilding and reconstruction, communities are starting to see hope for the future again. Many have regained access to basic services and markets. Children are back in school, industries have resumed operations, and plantations are rehabilitated. The typhoon also shoo ...
... Now, after two years of relief, rebuilding and reconstruction, communities are starting to see hope for the future again. Many have regained access to basic services and markets. Children are back in school, industries have resumed operations, and plantations are rehabilitated. The typhoon also shoo ...
Fishing, climate change and north-east Atlantic cod
... distinct sub-populations have also been identified along the Norwegian coast4. Overall, there is a pattern of increasing genetic differences as distance between capture locations increases. This suggests that many stocks should be treated as distinct but interbreeding units. Such spatially separated ...
... distinct sub-populations have also been identified along the Norwegian coast4. Overall, there is a pattern of increasing genetic differences as distance between capture locations increases. This suggests that many stocks should be treated as distinct but interbreeding units. Such spatially separated ...
A fractal climate response function can simulate global average
... assumptions on the extent to which solar radiation has varied over the past millennium. Finally, it produces estimates of the climate response to a doubling of the CO2 concentration. 2. Data and methods Temperature and forcing data were mostly obtained from public repositories, as detailed in Append ...
... assumptions on the extent to which solar radiation has varied over the past millennium. Finally, it produces estimates of the climate response to a doubling of the CO2 concentration. 2. Data and methods Temperature and forcing data were mostly obtained from public repositories, as detailed in Append ...
Almada - NACLIM
... MultiAdaPT projects are an exemple of this approach, they combine the multifunctionality of ecosystems services to build natural resilience, in shot and long term; Multi-partnerships between cities, science and stakeholders improve adaptation planning and create synergies to implement a effectiv ...
... MultiAdaPT projects are an exemple of this approach, they combine the multifunctionality of ecosystems services to build natural resilience, in shot and long term; Multi-partnerships between cities, science and stakeholders improve adaptation planning and create synergies to implement a effectiv ...
This background paper focuses specifically on the relationships
... theoretically applies to all spatial scales. Moreover, the IPCC (2014b) asserts that the negative effects of climate change are likely to outweigh any benefits. In effect, the scientific evidence to ...
... theoretically applies to all spatial scales. Moreover, the IPCC (2014b) asserts that the negative effects of climate change are likely to outweigh any benefits. In effect, the scientific evidence to ...
Guidelines for Writing Introductory Philosophy Papers One major
... Times, Washington Post, LA Times and Wall Street Journal) over a 14-year period. It found that more than half of the articles discussing climate change gave equal weight to the scientifically discredited views of the deniers. This discrepancy is largely due to the media's drive for "balance" in repo ...
... Times, Washington Post, LA Times and Wall Street Journal) over a 14-year period. It found that more than half of the articles discussing climate change gave equal weight to the scientifically discredited views of the deniers. This discrepancy is largely due to the media's drive for "balance" in repo ...
North Atlantic storminess and Atlantic Meridional Overturning
... of ENSO-induced stratospheric anomalies (Randel, 2004). Different mechanism chains could potentially modulate ENSO influence in different seasons (Moron and Plaut, 2003). Trouet et al. (2009) and Mann et al. (2009) used a combination of high-resolution proxy records and model simulations to evince a ...
... of ENSO-induced stratospheric anomalies (Randel, 2004). Different mechanism chains could potentially modulate ENSO influence in different seasons (Moron and Plaut, 2003). Trouet et al. (2009) and Mann et al. (2009) used a combination of high-resolution proxy records and model simulations to evince a ...
Greening of the Earth and its drivers
... on factorial runs where only one driver is varied at the time. A residual consistency ...
... on factorial runs where only one driver is varied at the time. A residual consistency ...
Effect of Global Warming on Invasion of Alien Plants in Asia
... territory through efficient reproduction and dispersal. The long-haul mechanisms of dispersal including dispersal by wind and vertebrates deserve special attention in predicting large-scale migration of invasive species. For some, these natural agents are likely to be superseded by human activities. ...
... territory through efficient reproduction and dispersal. The long-haul mechanisms of dispersal including dispersal by wind and vertebrates deserve special attention in predicting large-scale migration of invasive species. For some, these natural agents are likely to be superseded by human activities. ...
Increase of carbon cycle feedback with climate sensitivity
... of the conventionally accepted range (1.5 to 4.5 K per CO 2 doubling; IPCC, 2001). The land surface is more likely to damp the effects of CO 2 emissions if climate sensitivity is low, with carbon uptake by the biosphere dominated by CO 2 fertilization. Higher climate sensitivity is more likely to am ...
... of the conventionally accepted range (1.5 to 4.5 K per CO 2 doubling; IPCC, 2001). The land surface is more likely to damp the effects of CO 2 emissions if climate sensitivity is low, with carbon uptake by the biosphere dominated by CO 2 fertilization. Higher climate sensitivity is more likely to am ...
JEDC_email_exchange_2
... page 48 in Figure 2 that a rise of 3°C in global average temperature by 2090 would result in a loss of between 0 and 21 per cent of gross world product, with a mean value of 1.9 per cent and a mode of 3.6 per cent. However, Table 1 of Tol (2013) indicates that the paper found a loss of between 0 and ...
... page 48 in Figure 2 that a rise of 3°C in global average temperature by 2090 would result in a loss of between 0 and 21 per cent of gross world product, with a mean value of 1.9 per cent and a mode of 3.6 per cent. However, Table 1 of Tol (2013) indicates that the paper found a loss of between 0 and ...
Alaska’s Thawing Permafrost
... in permafrost, such as carbon dioxide and methane, are released when it melts. Those greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere. Methane is 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas. If the high northern latitudes continue warming at current rates, the region’s soils will release more c ...
... in permafrost, such as carbon dioxide and methane, are released when it melts. Those greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere. Methane is 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas. If the high northern latitudes continue warming at current rates, the region’s soils will release more c ...
... On behalf of The Center for a New American Security (CNAS) and its consortium partners, welcome to Clout & Climate Change, a climate change “war game,” or scenario planning exercise. This event brings together scientists, national security strategists, political leaders, and members of the business ...
Metabolic theory explains latitudinal variation in common carp
... Common carp growth rate was 22% faster but mortality was 31% higher for the most southern population compared to the most northern population. Incorporating latitudinal population patterns into metabolic theory of ecology models explained substantial variation in mortality and longevity among popula ...
... Common carp growth rate was 22% faster but mortality was 31% higher for the most southern population compared to the most northern population. Incorporating latitudinal population patterns into metabolic theory of ecology models explained substantial variation in mortality and longevity among popula ...
Chapter Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report Summary for
... Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth’s surface than any preceding decade since 1850. The period from 1983 to 2012 was likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years in the Northern Hemisphere, where such assessment is possible (medium confidence). The gl ...
... Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth’s surface than any preceding decade since 1850. The period from 1983 to 2012 was likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years in the Northern Hemisphere, where such assessment is possible (medium confidence). The gl ...
N°20 - AFD
... With emissions in 2010 estimated at close to 200Mt CO2eq (aside from emissions relating to forestry and changes in land use), Vietnam is now considered to be a low-emission country. On average, one Vietnamese person ...
... With emissions in 2010 estimated at close to 200Mt CO2eq (aside from emissions relating to forestry and changes in land use), Vietnam is now considered to be a low-emission country. On average, one Vietnamese person ...
Financing an efficient adaptation programme to climate change: A
... poor rains and heatwave conditions. Similar findings have been reached by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) recent publications and reports (IPPC, 2014). On these grounds, climate variability poses major challenges to developing countries as their economies are agro-based (Stern and ...
... poor rains and heatwave conditions. Similar findings have been reached by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) recent publications and reports (IPPC, 2014). On these grounds, climate variability poses major challenges to developing countries as their economies are agro-based (Stern and ...
Mechanisms for solar influence on the Earth`s climate
... Figure 2 presents reconstructions of the Northern Hemisphere surface temperature record produced using a variety of proxy datasets. There are some large differences between them, especially in long-term variability, but there is general agreement that current temperatures are higher than they have b ...
... Figure 2 presents reconstructions of the Northern Hemisphere surface temperature record produced using a variety of proxy datasets. There are some large differences between them, especially in long-term variability, but there is general agreement that current temperatures are higher than they have b ...
Salick BygKonchar_Tibetan Agriculture and Climate
... Lhasa. Results indicate that perceived causes of and reactions to climate change are often spiritual as with many other indigenous peoples around the world. In addition, tourists, pollution (both physical and spiritual), cars and electricity are often blamed for changes in climate. Both traditional ...
... Lhasa. Results indicate that perceived causes of and reactions to climate change are often spiritual as with many other indigenous peoples around the world. In addition, tourists, pollution (both physical and spiritual), cars and electricity are often blamed for changes in climate. Both traditional ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).