a Climate of Conflict
... more serious and far-reaching than in previous reports. The evidence and arguments of the international scientific body will be neither queried nor extended in this report. Our starting point is the IPCC’s finding that climate change and its consequences are not topics for the long-term future alone ...
... more serious and far-reaching than in previous reports. The evidence and arguments of the international scientific body will be neither queried nor extended in this report. Our starting point is the IPCC’s finding that climate change and its consequences are not topics for the long-term future alone ...
Climate change effects on migration phenology may mismatch
... (figure 1) yield an estimated anticipation (in days) of 5.3 for the cuckoo, 14.6 for SDM and 6.0 for LDM, over a period of 40 years (approximately corresponding to the mean duration of the phenological time series). For each species and site, we computed the difference in change in FAD between the c ...
... (figure 1) yield an estimated anticipation (in days) of 5.3 for the cuckoo, 14.6 for SDM and 6.0 for LDM, over a period of 40 years (approximately corresponding to the mean duration of the phenological time series). For each species and site, we computed the difference in change in FAD between the c ...
Discussion Papers in Economics The distributional impact of climate
... on consumption and welfare would have been 2.8%. However, even this will understate the welfare loss because the price of food will rise when its supply falls. Furthermore, as food budget shares are higher for the poor, the aggregate loss (even when adjusted for changing prices) may not be a good g ...
... on consumption and welfare would have been 2.8%. However, even this will understate the welfare loss because the price of food will rise when its supply falls. Furthermore, as food budget shares are higher for the poor, the aggregate loss (even when adjusted for changing prices) may not be a good g ...
Australian attitudes on climate change
... reject the climate science. Results from public polling and focus groups, however, are in contrast to this. The reality is that two-thirds of Australians continue to agree that climate change is occurring, with 87 per cent of those thinking that humans are at least partly responsible. A majority rem ...
... reject the climate science. Results from public polling and focus groups, however, are in contrast to this. The reality is that two-thirds of Australians continue to agree that climate change is occurring, with 87 per cent of those thinking that humans are at least partly responsible. A majority rem ...
The effects of climate change on tropical birds
... regime, may be more important than temperature changes, particularly if warming is limited to 2 °C (Tyrberg, 2010). 2.1. Montane species Tropical mountain species are among birds most vulnerable to climate change (Sßekercioğlu et al., 2008; Wormworth and Sß ekercioğlu, 2011). Extinction risk incre ...
... regime, may be more important than temperature changes, particularly if warming is limited to 2 °C (Tyrberg, 2010). 2.1. Montane species Tropical mountain species are among birds most vulnerable to climate change (Sßekercioğlu et al., 2008; Wormworth and Sß ekercioğlu, 2011). Extinction risk incre ...
36 - Ecology and Society
... ABSTRACT. Humans depend on services provided by ecosystems, and how services are affected by climate change is increasingly studied. Few studies, however, address changes likely to affect services from seminatural ecosystems. We analyzed ecosystem goods and services in natural and seminatural system ...
... ABSTRACT. Humans depend on services provided by ecosystems, and how services are affected by climate change is increasingly studied. Few studies, however, address changes likely to affect services from seminatural ecosystems. We analyzed ecosystem goods and services in natural and seminatural system ...
Climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion Early effects on
... The aggregate environmental impact of humanity has begun to change some of the earth’s great biophysical systems. Such humaninduced systemic environmental change is unprecedented. In particular, humans are altering the composition of the atmosphere. Changes in the lower atmosphere will cause long-te ...
... The aggregate environmental impact of humanity has begun to change some of the earth’s great biophysical systems. Such humaninduced systemic environmental change is unprecedented. In particular, humans are altering the composition of the atmosphere. Changes in the lower atmosphere will cause long-te ...
Future changes in the supply of goods and services - Munin
... ABSTRACT. Humans depend on services provided by ecosystems, and how services are affected by climate change is increasingly studied. Few studies, however, address changes likely to affect services from seminatural ecosystems. We analyzed ecosystem goods and services in natural and seminatural system ...
... ABSTRACT. Humans depend on services provided by ecosystems, and how services are affected by climate change is increasingly studied. Few studies, however, address changes likely to affect services from seminatural ecosystems. We analyzed ecosystem goods and services in natural and seminatural system ...
Rapid attribution of the August 2016 flood
... and flooding event. Here, we present a first estimate of how anthropogenic climate change has affected the likelihood of a comparable extreme precipitation event in the central US Gulf Coast. While the flooding event of interest triggering this study occurred in south Louisiana, for the purposes of ...
... and flooding event. Here, we present a first estimate of how anthropogenic climate change has affected the likelihood of a comparable extreme precipitation event in the central US Gulf Coast. While the flooding event of interest triggering this study occurred in south Louisiana, for the purposes of ...
PDF
... (1994) survey. We invited the 1,103 experts who met our selection criteria to participate, and we received 365 completed surveys. Our data can help establish a baseline for IAMs, in addition to providing other useful information for policymakers. To illustrate this point, we utilize the results from ...
... (1994) survey. We invited the 1,103 experts who met our selection criteria to participate, and we received 365 completed surveys. Our data can help establish a baseline for IAMs, in addition to providing other useful information for policymakers. To illustrate this point, we utilize the results from ...
Towards Critical Studies of Climate Adaptation - diss.fu
... However, scholars are beginning to question how adaptation planning strategies – even those designed to be participatory – may be exacerbating unequal outcomes. Rational, technocratic, and communication-focused planning approaches by nature advocate for an ideal “public good” while deemphasizing as ...
... However, scholars are beginning to question how adaptation planning strategies – even those designed to be participatory – may be exacerbating unequal outcomes. Rational, technocratic, and communication-focused planning approaches by nature advocate for an ideal “public good” while deemphasizing as ...
Supply-side climate policy: the road less taken
... The combustion of fossil fuels is by far the largest human source of global greenhouse gas emissions, releasing more than 30 billion tonnes of CO 2 into the atmosphere each year (IPCC 2014). Reducing fossil fuel combustion is thus a top priority for climate policy. For decades, policy-makers and int ...
... The combustion of fossil fuels is by far the largest human source of global greenhouse gas emissions, releasing more than 30 billion tonnes of CO 2 into the atmosphere each year (IPCC 2014). Reducing fossil fuel combustion is thus a top priority for climate policy. For decades, policy-makers and int ...
let`s respond - Conservation International
... degrees Celsius (°C) since the late 1800s. It is expected to increase by another 1.8°C to 4°C by the year 2100 should the necessary action not be taken (IPCC 4th Assessment Report, 2007). • The main reason for the increasing temperature is 150 years of industrialisation: the burning of ever-greater ...
... degrees Celsius (°C) since the late 1800s. It is expected to increase by another 1.8°C to 4°C by the year 2100 should the necessary action not be taken (IPCC 4th Assessment Report, 2007). • The main reason for the increasing temperature is 150 years of industrialisation: the burning of ever-greater ...
PwC Survey on Sustainable Development in Latin America
... The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) that has been in place since 2000 has provided a framework for the preparation of Sustainability Reports applicable on a global scale, with the aim of promoting a standardized approach to reporting. This internationally-recognized and used framework establishes ...
... The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) that has been in place since 2000 has provided a framework for the preparation of Sustainability Reports applicable on a global scale, with the aim of promoting a standardized approach to reporting. This internationally-recognized and used framework establishes ...
IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report
... Some of the changes in extreme weather and climate events observed since about 1950 have been linked to human influence ...
... Some of the changes in extreme weather and climate events observed since about 1950 have been linked to human influence ...
20 July 2012 - Productivity Commission
... MR HAMDEN (DEWNR): I'm Rohan Hamden, I'm the director of Sustainability Industry Partnerships with the Department for Environment, Water and Natural Resources. I am here talking on behalf of the South Australian government submission to the Productivity Commission inquiry into barriers to adaptatio ...
... MR HAMDEN (DEWNR): I'm Rohan Hamden, I'm the director of Sustainability Industry Partnerships with the Department for Environment, Water and Natural Resources. I am here talking on behalf of the South Australian government submission to the Productivity Commission inquiry into barriers to adaptatio ...
Adaptation to Climate Change in Low‐Income Countries
... how a government ‘awareness’ campaign encouraging behavioral responses to heat waves can reduce mortality. Another paper estimates combined planned and autonomous responses to reducing tropical cyclone damage. Finally, Section 7 identifies important questions that are still largely unaddressed. ...
... how a government ‘awareness’ campaign encouraging behavioral responses to heat waves can reduce mortality. Another paper estimates combined planned and autonomous responses to reducing tropical cyclone damage. Finally, Section 7 identifies important questions that are still largely unaddressed. ...
Aalborg Universitet Avoiding climate change uncertainties in Strategic Environmental Assessment
... clear (VEJ nr 9664, 2006, pp. 45–6). From the above, it is clear that there is emphasis in the Danish guidance on uncertainty of the impacts resulting from the plan, rather than uncertainty of impacts on the plan, such as those of climate change. Climate changes and the predictions of future climate ...
... clear (VEJ nr 9664, 2006, pp. 45–6). From the above, it is clear that there is emphasis in the Danish guidance on uncertainty of the impacts resulting from the plan, rather than uncertainty of impacts on the plan, such as those of climate change. Climate changes and the predictions of future climate ...
2 Methods and Data - Santa Clara University
... precipitation variability constitutes a similar proportion of the variability as over the 20th ...
... precipitation variability constitutes a similar proportion of the variability as over the 20th ...
Dynamic responses of terrestrial ecosystems structure and function
... CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and climate, but this response declines as the CO2 fertilization effect becomes saturated and is diminished by further changes in climate factors [e.g., Cao and Woodward, 1998]. Vegetation dynamics are, however, important when assessing changes in biogeochemical fluxes and ...
... CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and climate, but this response declines as the CO2 fertilization effect becomes saturated and is diminished by further changes in climate factors [e.g., Cao and Woodward, 1998]. Vegetation dynamics are, however, important when assessing changes in biogeochemical fluxes and ...
Deliverable 2F3 Full Costs of Climate Change WP 2F
... services and cultural services (Table 1). Summarising the contribution of each biome to these services leads to a total value of US$ 33 trillion per year (accounting for uncertainties leads to a range of US$ 16-54 trillion per year). A follow up study by (Balmford et al. 2002) assessed the marginal ...
... services and cultural services (Table 1). Summarising the contribution of each biome to these services leads to a total value of US$ 33 trillion per year (accounting for uncertainties leads to a range of US$ 16-54 trillion per year). A follow up study by (Balmford et al. 2002) assessed the marginal ...
PDF format - City University of Hong Kong
... involve more than one parameter such as air temperature, humidity and pressure changes, all of which influence snow depth and water content (Lundquist et al., 2008). Nevertheless, during the event, there was an apparent increase in SWE around 112 ° E and 37° N (Figure 2(g); circled) which is in good ...
... involve more than one parameter such as air temperature, humidity and pressure changes, all of which influence snow depth and water content (Lundquist et al., 2008). Nevertheless, during the event, there was an apparent increase in SWE around 112 ° E and 37° N (Figure 2(g); circled) which is in good ...
Cities and climate change - Urban Climate Change Research Network
... depending on whether they are production or consumption based and on which sectors they include (Dodman, 2009). In addition, access to emission data is often difficult, and even more so in cities of developing and industrializing countries (Bulkeley et al., 2009; Dhakal, 2004, 2009). The combination ...
... depending on whether they are production or consumption based and on which sectors they include (Dodman, 2009). In addition, access to emission data is often difficult, and even more so in cities of developing and industrializing countries (Bulkeley et al., 2009; Dhakal, 2004, 2009). The combination ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).