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Infection, Disease, and Biosocial Processes at the End of
Infection, Disease, and Biosocial Processes at the End of

... provided research support. We examined 160 individuals (67% of the total number excavated) from three main burial areas at Harappa: an urban period cemetery (R-37), a post-urban cemetery (H), and an ossuary (Area G) (Figure 2). This total represents all of the individuals excavated from 1923 to 1967 ...
Climate Change Scenarios for the Congo Basin
Climate Change Scenarios for the Congo Basin

... Historically, vulnerability has been approached from two points of view, the top-down and bottom-upapproach (Figure 3). The Bottom-up approach is often used more in social sciences studies, with focus on vulnerability of society or communities. It derives its data from studying the existing local so ...
Climate change in the Arctic: current and future
Climate change in the Arctic: current and future

... Climate change is already occurring in the Arctic and the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment recently concluded that future climate change could be devastating for Inuit. This paper characterises vulnerability to climate change in two Inuit communities in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, focusing on ...
SAARC_ People`s Regionalism
SAARC_ People`s Regionalism

... techniques and experiences on adaptation. SAARC process should explore a possible mechanism also to engage the CSOs sharing knowledge and information dissemination in this regard. ...
climate change adaptation, planning, and the law
climate change adaptation, planning, and the law

... The workshop was designed specifically for law students, and urban and regional planning students interested in climate change. The objectives of the workshop were: (i) to encourage discussion on current climate change legal matters, including climate change policy, regulation and litigation (ii)  ...
mwalker_arctic_national_wildlife_refuge_climate_change
mwalker_arctic_national_wildlife_refuge_climate_change

... many of the Gwich’in live in villages located just outside the southern border of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The Gwich’in number about 7500 members and are deeply reliant on subsistence hunting and fishing, as well as gathering of seasonal berries, plants, and birch bark. While moose, car ...
Australia and New Zealand
Australia and New Zealand

... The scientific literature published since 2001 supports the TAR findings. Key differences from the TAR include (i) more extensive documentation of observed changes in natural systems consistent with global warming, (ii) significant advances in understanding potential future impacts on water, natural ...
PDF
PDF

... Annual precipitation is projected to increase across the northern U.S. latitudes, with potential for declining levels in other regions (IPCC 2007; TNC 2009). Changes in annual precipitation may be accompanied by a shift in seasonal precipitation, with a greater share falling in the winter and early ...
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access

... (packaging, distribution, and pricing), and other areas of operations (Baum and Lundtorp 2001; Koenig-Lewis and Bischoff 2005). Therefore, seasonality is a critical issue that should be addressed at policy, marketing, and operation levels. Natural seasonality is one of the most important factors cau ...
Future wave conditions at the German Baltic Sea Coast on
Future wave conditions at the German Baltic Sea Coast on

... paper, a hybrid approach has been established, based on statistical and numerical methods to calculate wave information. The approach uses wind data from numerical climate simulations as input data. In this study the changes in mean wind conditions are applied from the regional climate model (RCM) C ...
Adapting to change – forming new habits
Adapting to change – forming new habits

... Barossa Council, District Council of Mallala and the Town of Gawler. In 2012, the population of the Region was 66,541 people or about 4% of the State’s population (SACES 2012). Over the last 12 years the Region has experienced steady population growth of 19% (higher than for the State which had almo ...
Final CHNEP Vulnerability Assessment.indd
Final CHNEP Vulnerability Assessment.indd

... as changes in ocean circulation); and • human activities that change the atmosphere’s composition (such as through burning fossil fuels) and the land surface (such as deforestation, reforestation, urbanization, desertification). ...
heat waves, floods and the health impacts of climate change
heat waves, floods and the health impacts of climate change

... The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are disti ...
The Tragedy of the Risk
The Tragedy of the Risk

... large survey of U.S. adults (N = 1540) found little support for this account. On the whole, the most scientifically literate and numerate subjects were slightly less likely, not more, to see climate change as a serious threat than the least scientifically literate and numerate ones. More importantly ...
The Tragedy of the Risk-Perception Commons
The Tragedy of the Risk-Perception Commons

... large survey of U.S. adults (N = 1540) found little support for this account. On the whole, the most scientifically literate and numerate subjects were slightly less likely, not more, to see climate change as a serious threat than the least scientifically literate and numerate ones. More importantly ...
chapter one - Open University of Tanzania Repository
chapter one - Open University of Tanzania Repository

... and Field visit survey came out with five major community needs which needed to be urgently addressed. Participatory Assessment Method (PAM) was employed to asses different aspects of the community in. areas of; Water, Sanitation, health, environment and culture. The results showed that environmenta ...
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FISHERIES: IMPLICATIONS
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FISHERIES: IMPLICATIONS

The Tragedy of the Risk-Perception Commons
The Tragedy of the Risk-Perception Commons

... large survey of U.S. adults (N = 1540) found little support for this account. On the whole, the most scientifically literate and numerate subjects were slightly less likely, not more, to see climate change as a serious threat than the least scientifically literate and numerate ones. More importantly ...
End of Program Report - Pacific Climate Change Science
End of Program Report - Pacific Climate Change Science

The Tragedy of the Risk-Perception Commons
The Tragedy of the Risk-Perception Commons

... large survey of U.S. adults (N = 1540) found little support for this account. On the whole, the most scientifically literate and numerate subjects were slightly less likely, not more, to see climate change as a serious threat than the least scientifically literate and numerate ones. More importantly ...
Emergence of a midseason period of low floral resources in a
Emergence of a midseason period of low floral resources in a

... such changes could also have indirect negative effects on populations of animal-pollinated plants (Price & Waser 1998; Memmott et al. 2007). Climate is a powerful driver of phenology (Gordo & Sanz 2010) and the effects of climate change on phenology have become a major focus of research (Sherry et a ...
00044185_Award 44185
00044185_Award 44185

... The project will be executed by the Ministry of Environment in close collaboration with other relevant ministries and institutions, particularly those that make up the country’s National Steering Committee (NSC) on Climate Change. The National Climate Change Secretariat (NCCS) will work closely with ...
Erler, A.R., Peltier, W.R., dOrgeville, M. Dynamically downscaled
Erler, A.R., Peltier, W.R., dOrgeville, M. Dynamically downscaled

... (CORDEX; Giorgi et al. 2009) is now also encouraging the use of higher resolutions, close to 10 km or finer (Arritt and Rummukainen 2011). While it is relatively simple to perform regional climate simulations with reanalysis data as boundary forcing, downscaling climate projections is more challengi ...
Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) rainfall curves, for data series
Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) rainfall curves, for data series

... Figure 10 IDF curve for the city of Dar Es Salaam (a) and variation of growing factor KT (b). ...
assessing the climate change adaptability of buildings
assessing the climate change adaptability of buildings

... an early ‘tipping point’ that may expose us to irreversible and adverse environmental trends (Pittock 2009b). Furthermore it has been argued that even the most aggressive global movements to reduce carbon emissions can do little to avoid a significant shift in the global climate system (Barker et al ...
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Attribution of recent climate change



Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).
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