Prospectus for Future Research: Temperature Effects
... has now doubled and is now greater than it has been in the past 1,000 years (Walther, et. al. 2002). Research on climate change has revealed that over the years, this increase in climate temperature has affected organisms that are known to live in a broad range of geographical locations and has affe ...
... has now doubled and is now greater than it has been in the past 1,000 years (Walther, et. al. 2002). Research on climate change has revealed that over the years, this increase in climate temperature has affected organisms that are known to live in a broad range of geographical locations and has affe ...
thirsty country: climate change and drought in
... deficiencies that have occurred for three months or more. A rainfall deficiency is considered ‘serious’ when rainfall is in the lowest 5-10 percent of the full range of rainfall amounts, from the very lowest to the very highest, for the period measured, and ‘severe’ when rainfall is in the lowest 0- ...
... deficiencies that have occurred for three months or more. A rainfall deficiency is considered ‘serious’ when rainfall is in the lowest 5-10 percent of the full range of rainfall amounts, from the very lowest to the very highest, for the period measured, and ‘severe’ when rainfall is in the lowest 0- ...
On the climate response of the low
... using a coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model (GCM); such increases are predicted by almost all coupled GCMs (IPCC 2001). Future changes to both the magnitudes and the spatial patterns of the atmosphere–ocean–land freshwater fluxes are therefore likely consequences of global warming, alt ...
... using a coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model (GCM); such increases are predicted by almost all coupled GCMs (IPCC 2001). Future changes to both the magnitudes and the spatial patterns of the atmosphere–ocean–land freshwater fluxes are therefore likely consequences of global warming, alt ...
Japan`s private climate finance support
... on the extent to which Japan is meeting its commitments under the UNFCCC. Instead, it highlights some considerations that need to be addressed if developed countries intend to report private finance as part of their overall climate finance commitments over time. While we have aimed to be comprehensi ...
... on the extent to which Japan is meeting its commitments under the UNFCCC. Instead, it highlights some considerations that need to be addressed if developed countries intend to report private finance as part of their overall climate finance commitments over time. While we have aimed to be comprehensi ...
Decadal climate variability and potential predictability in the nordic
... to multi-centennial scales are predominantly caused by solar and volcanic activity. In the industrial period, increasing greenhouse gases and deforestation additionally affect temperature variability. However, Bauer et al. (2003) did not take any stand on what is the role of natural internal process ...
... to multi-centennial scales are predominantly caused by solar and volcanic activity. In the industrial period, increasing greenhouse gases and deforestation additionally affect temperature variability. However, Bauer et al. (2003) did not take any stand on what is the role of natural internal process ...
Lake Superior Climate Adaptation, Mitigation and Implementation Plan
... pole but the impacts vary widely depending on where you are on earth. The Great Lakes are no exception. Many consider Lake Superior the “canary in the coal mine” when it comes to Great Lakes climate change. Consider these statistics; • In 2012 Lake Superior had the highest surface water temperature ...
... pole but the impacts vary widely depending on where you are on earth. The Great Lakes are no exception. Many consider Lake Superior the “canary in the coal mine” when it comes to Great Lakes climate change. Consider these statistics; • In 2012 Lake Superior had the highest surface water temperature ...
Conversion of Greenhouse Gasses Into Energy
... bears as the first animal to become an endangered species because of anthropogenic climate change (“Global Wierdness” 96). Who will be next? It is scientifically shown that the excess greenhouse gasses caused by humans is heating up the earth; this rise in temperature comes with a host of actual and ...
... bears as the first animal to become an endangered species because of anthropogenic climate change (“Global Wierdness” 96). Who will be next? It is scientifically shown that the excess greenhouse gasses caused by humans is heating up the earth; this rise in temperature comes with a host of actual and ...
Chlorophyll a reconstruction from in situ measurements: 2. Marked
... oceans during the bloom in late winter and early spring, the primary production takes place mostly near the surface as an answer to enhanced wind mixing causing new nutrient import from beneath the nitracline which is deeper than 100 m in this region [Cullen, 1982]. After depletion of nutrients at t ...
... oceans during the bloom in late winter and early spring, the primary production takes place mostly near the surface as an answer to enhanced wind mixing causing new nutrient import from beneath the nitracline which is deeper than 100 m in this region [Cullen, 1982]. After depletion of nutrients at t ...
Preparing Low-Emission Climate-Resilient Development
... Climate change is clearly the greatest development challenge of the 21st Century. To date, narrowlydefined mitigation (lowering emissions) and adaptation (reducing vulnerability) projects have dominated climate change action policies taken by most countries. This has resulted in the accumulation of ...
... Climate change is clearly the greatest development challenge of the 21st Century. To date, narrowlydefined mitigation (lowering emissions) and adaptation (reducing vulnerability) projects have dominated climate change action policies taken by most countries. This has resulted in the accumulation of ...
Climate Change Financing - SÜDWIND
... climate finance. At the same time, there are considerable overlaps, both geographical and sectoral, between development and climate change concerns and integration of respective activities is important for reasons of effectiveness and efficiency. This is particularly true for adaptation measures, wh ...
... climate finance. At the same time, there are considerable overlaps, both geographical and sectoral, between development and climate change concerns and integration of respective activities is important for reasons of effectiveness and efficiency. This is particularly true for adaptation measures, wh ...
Reasonably foreseeable futures
... change impacts, but considered them only with respect to the outcome of the project itself, while ignoring climate change impacts on the resources affected by the project. In 38 EISs (25%), the discussion of climate change considered only the project’s greenhouse gas emissions footprint, with no men ...
... change impacts, but considered them only with respect to the outcome of the project itself, while ignoring climate change impacts on the resources affected by the project. In 38 EISs (25%), the discussion of climate change considered only the project’s greenhouse gas emissions footprint, with no men ...
1 1 Final Project Climate Change Part One: pg. 1
... There are three major drivers of climate change on post industrial revolution Earth. Long-lived greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide increase surface temperature by absorbing radiant heat energy from the sun and reflect it back to the Earth’s surface. Ozone, a short-li ...
... There are three major drivers of climate change on post industrial revolution Earth. Long-lived greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide increase surface temperature by absorbing radiant heat energy from the sun and reflect it back to the Earth’s surface. Ozone, a short-li ...
Contrasting urban and rural heat stress responses to climate change
... Consequently, they lead to heat stress and can increase both morbidity and mortality [Basu and Samet, 2002]. [5] Urban air temperatures are substantially higher than corresponding temperatures in the surrounding rural areas. This so-called urban heat island (UHI) effect that arises from the differen ...
... Consequently, they lead to heat stress and can increase both morbidity and mortality [Basu and Samet, 2002]. [5] Urban air temperatures are substantially higher than corresponding temperatures in the surrounding rural areas. This so-called urban heat island (UHI) effect that arises from the differen ...
Chapter 12
... Winter floods are likely to increase in maritime regions and flash floods are likely to increase throughout Europe [12.4.1]. Coastal flooding related to increasing storminess and sea-level rise is likely to threaten up to 1.6 million additional people annually [12.4.2]. Warmer, drier conditions will ...
... Winter floods are likely to increase in maritime regions and flash floods are likely to increase throughout Europe [12.4.1]. Coastal flooding related to increasing storminess and sea-level rise is likely to threaten up to 1.6 million additional people annually [12.4.2]. Warmer, drier conditions will ...
nd-gain_technical_document_2015_do_not_print
... Focus on sectors and components that have impacts on human well-being, including biophysical impacts of climate change on a country's society, and the socioeconomic factors that either amplify or reduce such impacts. ...
... Focus on sectors and components that have impacts on human well-being, including biophysical impacts of climate change on a country's society, and the socioeconomic factors that either amplify or reduce such impacts. ...
Climate change impact on meteorological, agricultural, and
... Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union. 0043-1397/11/2010WR009845 ...
... Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union. 0043-1397/11/2010WR009845 ...
Climate change and the marine ecosystem of the western Antarctic
... Peninsula has been increasing over the past 50 years, in the absence of a firm understanding of the mechanism, we cannot predict future climate with any degree of certainty. There are two opposing hypotheses as to the cause of the recent warming, namely that the observed warming is a response to cha ...
... Peninsula has been increasing over the past 50 years, in the absence of a firm understanding of the mechanism, we cannot predict future climate with any degree of certainty. There are two opposing hypotheses as to the cause of the recent warming, namely that the observed warming is a response to cha ...
Project Document for WP (Part 1)
... evolution, the UCC also recalculated the 1990 inventory with the revised methodology. The 1994 Inventory, including its comparison with the 1990 inventory, was published in November 1998. Again, emission factors were largely taken by default leading to larger uncertainty in the Agriculture, Land Use ...
... evolution, the UCC also recalculated the 1990 inventory with the revised methodology. The 1994 Inventory, including its comparison with the 1990 inventory, was published in November 1998. Again, emission factors were largely taken by default leading to larger uncertainty in the Agriculture, Land Use ...
Climate Change and State Consent - U
... impact of the behaviours of societies will be quite general. For example sea levels are likely to rise and thus the interests of all states except land locked ones will be affected usually in some negative way. Combine this with the fact that societies will have a hard time making a significant diff ...
... impact of the behaviours of societies will be quite general. For example sea levels are likely to rise and thus the interests of all states except land locked ones will be affected usually in some negative way. Combine this with the fact that societies will have a hard time making a significant diff ...
Evolving Responsibility? The Principle of Common
... reshaping the principle of CDR within the regime. Before analyzing the contents of the Accord, it is important to note that the document has an unusual and somewhat ambiguous legal status. Due to the opposition of a small number of developing countries, the Conference of the Parties (COP) did not ad ...
... reshaping the principle of CDR within the regime. Before analyzing the contents of the Accord, it is important to note that the document has an unusual and somewhat ambiguous legal status. Due to the opposition of a small number of developing countries, the Conference of the Parties (COP) did not ad ...
FINAL DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 24 Subject to Final Copyedit
... Warming trends and increasing temperature extremes have been observed across most of the Asian region over the past century (high confidence) [24.3]. Increasing numbers of warm days and decreasing numbers of cold days have been observed, with the warming trend continuing into the new millennium. Pre ...
... Warming trends and increasing temperature extremes have been observed across most of the Asian region over the past century (high confidence) [24.3]. Increasing numbers of warm days and decreasing numbers of cold days have been observed, with the warming trend continuing into the new millennium. Pre ...
Greenhouse Gas Pledges by Parties to the Climate Change Jane A. Leggett
... modern humans evolved and societies developed. The atmospheric CO2 concentration was however higher in Earth’s more distant past (many millions of years ago), at which time paleoclimatic and geological data indicate that temperatures and sea levels were also higher than they are today.”9 Various sce ...
... modern humans evolved and societies developed. The atmospheric CO2 concentration was however higher in Earth’s more distant past (many millions of years ago), at which time paleoclimatic and geological data indicate that temperatures and sea levels were also higher than they are today.”9 Various sce ...
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... the proposed highway location. Climate serves as an essential input in pavement design and depending on its variability can have significant impact on pavement performance. Climate data for a particular region in which a highway is located provides engineers with useful information when deciding ...
... the proposed highway location. Climate serves as an essential input in pavement design and depending on its variability can have significant impact on pavement performance. Climate data for a particular region in which a highway is located provides engineers with useful information when deciding ...
climate change adaptation, planning, and the law
... The workshop was designed specifically for law students, and urban and regional planning students interested in climate change. The objectives of the workshop were: (i) to encourage discussion on current climate change legal matters, including climate change policy, regulation and litigation (ii) ...
... The workshop was designed specifically for law students, and urban and regional planning students interested in climate change. The objectives of the workshop were: (i) to encourage discussion on current climate change legal matters, including climate change policy, regulation and litigation (ii) ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).