follow the energy! earth`s dynamic climate system
... among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, and biosphere and responses to external influences from space. As the composite of prevailing weather patterns, climate’s complete description includes both the average state of the atmosphere and its variations. Climate can be explained prim ...
... among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, and biosphere and responses to external influences from space. As the composite of prevailing weather patterns, climate’s complete description includes both the average state of the atmosphere and its variations. Climate can be explained prim ...
Climate Change, Political Truth, and the Marketplace of Ideas
... based on the “polluter pays” principle, similar to that found in the Comprehensive Environmental Response Cleanup and Liability Act (CERCLA),5 could eliminate the uncertainties associated with common law liability, leaving only whatever legitimate scientific uncertainty exists. Like CERCLA, such lia ...
... based on the “polluter pays” principle, similar to that found in the Comprehensive Environmental Response Cleanup and Liability Act (CERCLA),5 could eliminate the uncertainties associated with common law liability, leaving only whatever legitimate scientific uncertainty exists. Like CERCLA, such lia ...
INDC technical report
... the health system is also able to respond to such disasters was highlighted. On one hand, the adaptation plan provides a framework for the implementation of the NCCRP during the timeframe of 2012 – 2016 and the NDHSP (DoH, 2014), furthermore, does not consider climate change. One the other hand, it ...
... the health system is also able to respond to such disasters was highlighted. On one hand, the adaptation plan provides a framework for the implementation of the NCCRP during the timeframe of 2012 – 2016 and the NDHSP (DoH, 2014), furthermore, does not consider climate change. One the other hand, it ...
Women Warming Up! - Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and
... corporations mostly based in the Global North, while the greatest impacts are felt in the developing world. Just 90 companies have caused two-thirds of historical GHG emissions61. These companies, made up of multinational corporations, government-run companies and private investor firms, have driven ...
... corporations mostly based in the Global North, while the greatest impacts are felt in the developing world. Just 90 companies have caused two-thirds of historical GHG emissions61. These companies, made up of multinational corporations, government-run companies and private investor firms, have driven ...
Antarctic climate change and the environment
... The marine carbon cycle can be described in terms of anthropogenic and natural carbon cycles, but from an oceanic perspective these two are treated almost exactly the same. The anthropogenic carbon cycle includes the emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere that have continued at an increasing rate sinc ...
... The marine carbon cycle can be described in terms of anthropogenic and natural carbon cycles, but from an oceanic perspective these two are treated almost exactly the same. The anthropogenic carbon cycle includes the emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere that have continued at an increasing rate sinc ...
pdf
... we breathe. When carbon and oxygen bond together, they form a colorless, odorless gas called CO2. In the Earth’s atmosphere, CO2 is a greenhouse gas, which means it traps heat. This “greenhouse effect” naturally helps to keep the Earth’s temperature at a level that can support life on the planet. Th ...
... we breathe. When carbon and oxygen bond together, they form a colorless, odorless gas called CO2. In the Earth’s atmosphere, CO2 is a greenhouse gas, which means it traps heat. This “greenhouse effect” naturally helps to keep the Earth’s temperature at a level that can support life on the planet. Th ...
Modelling forest growth and carbon storage in response to
... differing predictions of changes in growth. The approach used here was to use a detailed forest growth model which explicitly includes all the various feed-back effects that can affect tree growth. Imposed climate change caused an initial perturbation in the simulations which was then modified throu ...
... differing predictions of changes in growth. The approach used here was to use a detailed forest growth model which explicitly includes all the various feed-back effects that can affect tree growth. Imposed climate change caused an initial perturbation in the simulations which was then modified throu ...
Climate Change Scenario Simulations over Area Climate Model:
... with specific emphasis on temperature and moisture related variables. The study indicates that PRECIS RCM climate simulations are mostly in harmony with observed spatial patterns. This skill may be attributed to the full representation of the climatic system (land surface, sea, ice, atmosphere and a ...
... with specific emphasis on temperature and moisture related variables. The study indicates that PRECIS RCM climate simulations are mostly in harmony with observed spatial patterns. This skill may be attributed to the full representation of the climatic system (land surface, sea, ice, atmosphere and a ...
Word - Council of Europe
... as compared with the surrounding matrix is good news, but it does not logically lead to the conclusion that climate change impacts are low. Indeed, available forecasts suggest that up to 52%±12.1 of European vertebrates and plants might lose suitable climate within existing protected areas by 2080. ...
... as compared with the surrounding matrix is good news, but it does not logically lead to the conclusion that climate change impacts are low. Indeed, available forecasts suggest that up to 52%±12.1 of European vertebrates and plants might lose suitable climate within existing protected areas by 2080. ...
Updated compilation of information on the mitigation benefits of
... have their own unique barriers to implementation. These barriers are divided into three categories: socioeconomic; institutional, legislative and regulatory; and technological. They are also specific to certain regions, evolve over time and depend on national circumstances. The main barriers to non- ...
... have their own unique barriers to implementation. These barriers are divided into three categories: socioeconomic; institutional, legislative and regulatory; and technological. They are also specific to certain regions, evolve over time and depend on national circumstances. The main barriers to non- ...
Death by Degrees: Ohio - Physicians for Social Responsibility
... that the persistence of La Niña and El Niño events—which by causing warmer and cooler than normal sea-surface temperatures affect worldwide weather patterns—might be part of a larger, long-lasting climate pattern.20 Most recently the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reported th ...
... that the persistence of La Niña and El Niño events—which by causing warmer and cooler than normal sea-surface temperatures affect worldwide weather patterns—might be part of a larger, long-lasting climate pattern.20 Most recently the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reported th ...
WHO 2009 Vision 2030 summary policy implications
... Global climate change has been on the international agenda for over a quarter of a century. The process of climate change has been confirmed to be ongoing and some further changes are now considered unavoidable. Most impacts will be experienced through more droughts, floods, and less predictable rain ...
... Global climate change has been on the international agenda for over a quarter of a century. The process of climate change has been confirmed to be ongoing and some further changes are now considered unavoidable. Most impacts will be experienced through more droughts, floods, and less predictable rain ...
About observed and future climate changes in Flanders and Belgium
... the number of days of frost (minimum ...
... the number of days of frost (minimum ...
Obliquity pacing of the late Pleistocene glacial terminations
... promotes basal melting. Enhanced lubrication of the ice-bedrock interface may trigger deglaciation by increasing ice-flux into the ocean or toward lower latitudes, as well as by increasing the thinning rate and causing inward migration of the ablation zone20 . Note that ∼10ky is required for surface ...
... promotes basal melting. Enhanced lubrication of the ice-bedrock interface may trigger deglaciation by increasing ice-flux into the ocean or toward lower latitudes, as well as by increasing the thinning rate and causing inward migration of the ablation zone20 . Note that ∼10ky is required for surface ...
Winners and losers: Ecological and biogeochemical changes in a
... [12] In the spin-up, historical, and future simulation phases, the three-dimensional ocean is forced with prescribed wind fields. These fields have variability as provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) [Kalnay et al., 1996] reanalysis (detrended winds over the period 1948 ...
... [12] In the spin-up, historical, and future simulation phases, the three-dimensional ocean is forced with prescribed wind fields. These fields have variability as provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) [Kalnay et al., 1996] reanalysis (detrended winds over the period 1948 ...
Social Aspects of Climate Change in Urban Areas in Low
... adaptive capacity are also urban centres with very low levels of greenhouse gas emissions per person, both historically and currently. Thus, at a global scale, climate change is bringing, and will increasingly bring, a very large transfer of risk from high-income people and nations (who are responsi ...
... adaptive capacity are also urban centres with very low levels of greenhouse gas emissions per person, both historically and currently. Thus, at a global scale, climate change is bringing, and will increasingly bring, a very large transfer of risk from high-income people and nations (who are responsi ...
Incorporating estuaries as a source or sink of sediment within
... much focus on how climate change, and particularly sea-level rise will affect open coasts; beach systems are largely influenced by marine climate drivers, such as altered sea level, waves and storm intensity and frequency. This contrasts with estuaries, the upper reaches of which are influenced prim ...
... much focus on how climate change, and particularly sea-level rise will affect open coasts; beach systems are largely influenced by marine climate drivers, such as altered sea level, waves and storm intensity and frequency. This contrasts with estuaries, the upper reaches of which are influenced prim ...
The implications for climate sensitivity of AR5 forcing and heat...
... linear increase in CO2 forcing over a period of 70 years. For three decades up to 2007, scientific assessments (including those by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – IPCC) provided a range and, generally, a best estimate for equilibrium climate sensitivity that hardly changed. In most c ...
... linear increase in CO2 forcing over a period of 70 years. For three decades up to 2007, scientific assessments (including those by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – IPCC) provided a range and, generally, a best estimate for equilibrium climate sensitivity that hardly changed. In most c ...
Potential climate-change impacts on the Chesapeake Bay
... concentrations, sea level, and water temperature of 50–160%, 0.7–1.6 m, and 2–6 C, respectively. Also likely are increases in precipitation amount (very likely in the winter and spring), precipitation intensity, intensity of tropical and extratropical cyclones (though their frequency may decrease) ...
... concentrations, sea level, and water temperature of 50–160%, 0.7–1.6 m, and 2–6 C, respectively. Also likely are increases in precipitation amount (very likely in the winter and spring), precipitation intensity, intensity of tropical and extratropical cyclones (though their frequency may decrease) ...
Wildlife in a changing climate - Food and Agriculture Organization of
... animals on the globe are estimated to be at an increasingly high risk of extinction as temperatures increase by 2–3 °C above pre-industrial levels. The estimates for tropical forests exceed these global averages. It is very likely that even modest losses in biodiversity would cause consequential cha ...
... animals on the globe are estimated to be at an increasingly high risk of extinction as temperatures increase by 2–3 °C above pre-industrial levels. The estimates for tropical forests exceed these global averages. It is very likely that even modest losses in biodiversity would cause consequential cha ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).