Environment and Development Challenges
... 1.2.1 Demographic: The global population, which has now passed 7 billion people, and the average per capita energy consumption have both increased sevenfold over the past 150 years, for an overall fiftyfold increase in the emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. And both are still increasin ...
... 1.2.1 Demographic: The global population, which has now passed 7 billion people, and the average per capita energy consumption have both increased sevenfold over the past 150 years, for an overall fiftyfold increase in the emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. And both are still increasin ...
Environment and Development Challenges: The Imperative to Act 20
... 1.2.1 Demographic: The global population, which has now passed 7 billion people, and the average per capita energy consumption have both increased sevenfold over the past 150 years, for an overall fiftyfold increase in the emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. And both are still increasin ...
... 1.2.1 Demographic: The global population, which has now passed 7 billion people, and the average per capita energy consumption have both increased sevenfold over the past 150 years, for an overall fiftyfold increase in the emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. And both are still increasin ...
Environmental tipping points and food system dynamics: Main Report
... Environmental tipping points occur when there are step changes in the way the biophysical world works – whether loss of soil fertility, collapse of a fishing stock, or sudden changes in weather patterns, such as those that caused the grasslands in North Africa to become deserts, 6000 years ago. Thes ...
... Environmental tipping points occur when there are step changes in the way the biophysical world works – whether loss of soil fertility, collapse of a fishing stock, or sudden changes in weather patterns, such as those that caused the grasslands in North Africa to become deserts, 6000 years ago. Thes ...
Introducing the Transnational Climate Impacts Index
... The transnational aspects of climate change impacts have not been extensively studied. As noted above, IPCC Working Group II has touched upon the issue, noting, for example, that impacts “can have consequences beyond the regions in which they occur” (Oppenheimer et al. 2014, p.1059). Another section ...
... The transnational aspects of climate change impacts have not been extensively studied. As noted above, IPCC Working Group II has touched upon the issue, noting, for example, that impacts “can have consequences beyond the regions in which they occur” (Oppenheimer et al. 2014, p.1059). Another section ...
Widespread parallel population adaptation to climate variation
... The mountainous islands in the Lesser Antillean arc, a biodiversity hot spot (Myers et al. 2000), are each inhabited by one or two species of small arboreal lizards of the genus Anolis which occupy most of the habitats within each island (Fig. 1). Within each island (Figs 1 and 2), a pronounced clim ...
... The mountainous islands in the Lesser Antillean arc, a biodiversity hot spot (Myers et al. 2000), are each inhabited by one or two species of small arboreal lizards of the genus Anolis which occupy most of the habitats within each island (Fig. 1). Within each island (Figs 1 and 2), a pronounced clim ...
Temperature Sensitivity of Guatemala`s Rio Dulce to Climate Change
... (GCMs) of climate change scenarios predict an increase in air temperature for the remainder of this century (IPCC 2013). This increase will directly affect the meteorological and upstream boundary conditions of the deterministic temperature model, and produce higher river temperatures (Fischer et al ...
... (GCMs) of climate change scenarios predict an increase in air temperature for the remainder of this century (IPCC 2013). This increase will directly affect the meteorological and upstream boundary conditions of the deterministic temperature model, and produce higher river temperatures (Fischer et al ...
UNIVERSIDAD DE CANTABRIA
... climate could reduce the number of people visiting small islands in low latitudes, it could have the reverse effect in middle and high latitude islands. However, water shortages and increased incidence of vector-borne diseases may also deter tourists” ([IPCC, 2007b]). Under this scenario, climate ch ...
... climate could reduce the number of people visiting small islands in low latitudes, it could have the reverse effect in middle and high latitude islands. However, water shortages and increased incidence of vector-borne diseases may also deter tourists” ([IPCC, 2007b]). Under this scenario, climate ch ...
CLIMATE CHANGE State Should Further Improve Its Reporting on Financial Support
... (State) is the lead agency for international climate negotiations and for reporting to the secretariat of the Framework Convention on progress in fulfilling the U.S. climate finance commitments. In three annual reports to the Framework Convention secretariat, State reported on the amount and charac ...
... (State) is the lead agency for international climate negotiations and for reporting to the secretariat of the Framework Convention on progress in fulfilling the U.S. climate finance commitments. In three annual reports to the Framework Convention secretariat, State reported on the amount and charac ...
The Risk of Sea Level Rise: A Delphic Monte Carlo Analysis in
... polar ice sheets had not been completely modeled when we began our effort. Models were available, for example, that showed the potential impact of ice-shelf melting on the Antarctic contribution to sea level; but we had to develop equations to express the impact of global warming on the ice shelf me ...
... polar ice sheets had not been completely modeled when we began our effort. Models were available, for example, that showed the potential impact of ice-shelf melting on the Antarctic contribution to sea level; but we had to develop equations to express the impact of global warming on the ice shelf me ...
Phoenix Islands Protected Area Climate Change Vulnerability
... Rainfall is also expected to increase in the PIPA region, however there is less agreement between models due to disagreement about future El Niño dynamics. ...
... Rainfall is also expected to increase in the PIPA region, however there is less agreement between models due to disagreement about future El Niño dynamics. ...
Assessment of climate change impacts on rainfall
... Azadeh Ahmadi1,∗ , Ali Moridi2 , Elham Kakaei Lafdani3 and Ghasem Kianpisheh4 ...
... Azadeh Ahmadi1,∗ , Ali Moridi2 , Elham Kakaei Lafdani3 and Ghasem Kianpisheh4 ...
A climate change report card for water Working Technical Paper a review
... attributed to anthropogenic warming. Finally, an assessment of confidence in observed changes is made, and knowledge gaps are listed. ...
... attributed to anthropogenic warming. Finally, an assessment of confidence in observed changes is made, and knowledge gaps are listed. ...
- NERC Open Research Archive
... attributed to anthropogenic warming. Finally, an assessment of confidence in observed changes is made, and knowledge gaps are listed. ...
... attributed to anthropogenic warming. Finally, an assessment of confidence in observed changes is made, and knowledge gaps are listed. ...
CHANGING LAND USE, CLIMATE, AND HYDROLOGY IN THE WINOOSKI
... This study analyzes temporal trends and periodicity in seventy years of publicly available stream discharge and climate data for the Winooski River Basin of northern Vermont as well as lake level data for adjacent Lake Champlain. We also use random sampling and manual, point-based classification of ...
... This study analyzes temporal trends and periodicity in seventy years of publicly available stream discharge and climate data for the Winooski River Basin of northern Vermont as well as lake level data for adjacent Lake Champlain. We also use random sampling and manual, point-based classification of ...
Hybrid statistical–dynamic seasonal streamflow forecasting method
... hydroclimate variables several months ahead. Statistical forecasts work by exploiting the relationship between hydroclimate variables and large-scale climate indices. Statistical models are popular because they are simple to use and directly forecast the hydroclimate variable of interest. In contras ...
... hydroclimate variables several months ahead. Statistical forecasts work by exploiting the relationship between hydroclimate variables and large-scale climate indices. Statistical models are popular because they are simple to use and directly forecast the hydroclimate variable of interest. In contras ...
PDF
... in this manner most will choose the certain €5,000 (especially if the figures are an issue affecting their way of life). Indeed, most people will take a little less than €5,000 rather than play the game. If the minimum they would accept with certainty is €4,500 then €500 is defined as the risk prem ...
... in this manner most will choose the certain €5,000 (especially if the figures are an issue affecting their way of life). Indeed, most people will take a little less than €5,000 rather than play the game. If the minimum they would accept with certainty is €4,500 then €500 is defined as the risk prem ...
Malawi has established weather related early warning systems for
... placed on drought, agricultural stresses and severe weather, such as Mwera winds over Lake Malawi. ix) The flood early warning system only covers the major rivers leaving out many small rivers which also cause a lot of flooding. x) There is weakness in disseminating the information to the vulnerable ...
... placed on drought, agricultural stresses and severe weather, such as Mwera winds over Lake Malawi. ix) The flood early warning system only covers the major rivers leaving out many small rivers which also cause a lot of flooding. x) There is weakness in disseminating the information to the vulnerable ...
Dia 1
... climate is a key resource for tourism and the sector is highly sensitive to the impacts of climate change and global warming, many elements of which are already being felt. It is estimated to contribute some 5% of global CO2 emissions. tourism - business and leisure - will continue to be a vital com ...
... climate is a key resource for tourism and the sector is highly sensitive to the impacts of climate change and global warming, many elements of which are already being felt. It is estimated to contribute some 5% of global CO2 emissions. tourism - business and leisure - will continue to be a vital com ...
Climate Change Action Plan for the Florida Reef System (2010
... reef ecosystem is a national treasure. The Florida Reef System is under stress. For the last several decades, localized challenges or stresses (i.e. overfishing, land-based sources of pollution, and direct habitat degradation from human activities) have been recognized as the primary causes of the a ...
... reef ecosystem is a national treasure. The Florida Reef System is under stress. For the last several decades, localized challenges or stresses (i.e. overfishing, land-based sources of pollution, and direct habitat degradation from human activities) have been recognized as the primary causes of the a ...
Carbon Cycling, Climate Regulation, and Disturbances in Canadian
... with sales of 350 million Canadian dollars in 2011, NTFP include various food items (e.g., mushrooms), ornamental (e.g., flowers) and transformed (e.g., essential oils) products, and even health and personal care products (e.g., paclitaxel, a cancer-fighting molecule) [38,48,49]. Estimates of the cu ...
... with sales of 350 million Canadian dollars in 2011, NTFP include various food items (e.g., mushrooms), ornamental (e.g., flowers) and transformed (e.g., essential oils) products, and even health and personal care products (e.g., paclitaxel, a cancer-fighting molecule) [38,48,49]. Estimates of the cu ...
Risk perception and commitment to reduce global climate change in
... Humans have been exposed to many threats throughout history: epidemic illnesses, world wars, terrorist attacks, and environmental catastrophes. Human’s survival instinct forces people to evaluate circumstances and make decisions when faced with risks. Many different factors determine the resulting c ...
... Humans have been exposed to many threats throughout history: epidemic illnesses, world wars, terrorist attacks, and environmental catastrophes. Human’s survival instinct forces people to evaluate circumstances and make decisions when faced with risks. Many different factors determine the resulting c ...
Hosted by: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the Program
... Noted oceanographer Walter Munk once said “all we know for sure is that the oceans are an important sink of heat, and carbon dioxide, and of ignorance.” Indeed, the ocean forms an integral component of the climate system, both in terms of storage and transport, on many scales, yet has received compa ...
... Noted oceanographer Walter Munk once said “all we know for sure is that the oceans are an important sink of heat, and carbon dioxide, and of ignorance.” Indeed, the ocean forms an integral component of the climate system, both in terms of storage and transport, on many scales, yet has received compa ...
Maize migration: key crop expands to higher altitudes
... trends in the Andean region, to the extent that these exist. Analyses of precipitation data often yield varied and insignificant results (Vuille, Bradley, Werner, & Keimig, 2003; Vuille et al., 2008); however, there is evidence for an increase in extreme weather, including El Niño events, since the 1 ...
... trends in the Andean region, to the extent that these exist. Analyses of precipitation data often yield varied and insignificant results (Vuille, Bradley, Werner, & Keimig, 2003; Vuille et al., 2008); however, there is evidence for an increase in extreme weather, including El Niño events, since the 1 ...
Child Rights and Climate Change Adaptation: Voices from Kenya and Cambodia
... Evidence gathered from the children participating in this research demonstrated their aptitude for absorbing new information; proposing adaptation strategies; acting on future visions and the needs of future generations; and taking action for the benefit of their communities; prioritising sustainabl ...
... Evidence gathered from the children participating in this research demonstrated their aptitude for absorbing new information; proposing adaptation strategies; acting on future visions and the needs of future generations; and taking action for the benefit of their communities; prioritising sustainabl ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).