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The House of Augustus and the Villa Farnesina: The New Values of
The House of Augustus and the Villa Farnesina: The New Values of

Layout 2 - McGill University
Layout 2 - McGill University

... woman Hispala, begged him not to be initiated since she had witnessed many evils relating to the cult of Bacchus as a slave attending to her mistress, an initiate.15 There is something out of place already at the beginning of Livy’s narrative; in a patriarchal system, it would have been unlikely tha ...
Surveying Roman Aqueducts
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... Roman aqueducts are amongst the most impressive and interesting remains that have survived from the Roman period. Although aqueducts as bridges are best known, the complete structure with basins, siphons, drop shafts and distribution stations are impressive feats of engineering even by today’s stand ...
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Alpine regiments of the Roman army



The Alpine regiments of the Roman army were those auxiliary units of the army that were originally raised in the Alpine provinces of the Roman Empire: Tres Alpes, Raetia and Noricum. All these regions were inhabited by predominantly Celtic-speaking tribes. They were annexed, or at least occupied, by the emperor Augustus' forces during the period 25-14 BC. The term ""Alpine"" is used geographically in this context and does not necessarily imply that the regiments in question were specialised in mountain warfare. However, in the Julio-Claudian period (ante AD 68), when the regiments were still largely composed of Alpine recruits, it is likely that they were especially adept at mountain operations.As would be expected from mountain people, the Alpine provinces predominantly supplied infantry; only one Alpine cavalry ala is recorded. About 26 Alpine regiments were raised in the Julio-Claudian period, the great majority under Augustus or his successor Tiberius (i.e. before AD 37). Of these, 6 regiments disappeared, either destroyed in action or disbanded, by AD 68. A further 2 regiments were raised by Vespasian (ruled 69-96). These and the 20 surviving Julio-Claudian units are recorded at least until the mid 2nd century, but by that time only around a quarter were still based in the Alpine provinces or in neighbouring Germania Superior (Upper Rhine area). The rest were scattered all over the empire and would probably have long since lost their ethnic Alpine identity through local recruitment.
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