Publicani - Radboud Repository
... diplomatic relations between states, and it is in this context that we have to consider the purchases from states like Numidia, Carthage, Syracuse and Epirus.7 Hardly distinguishable from these purchases are the free contributions by allies and befriended states. During the third century B.C. the mo ...
... diplomatic relations between states, and it is in this context that we have to consider the purchases from states like Numidia, Carthage, Syracuse and Epirus.7 Hardly distinguishable from these purchases are the free contributions by allies and befriended states. During the third century B.C. the mo ...
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics
... has recently emerged. Luuk de Ligt has sought to reconcile the notion of demographic growth with that of a low population total: a reinterpretation of the Polybian figures for the number of allies combined with a lower alternative estimate for the number of inhabitants of Gallia Cisalpina allows the ...
... has recently emerged. Luuk de Ligt has sought to reconcile the notion of demographic growth with that of a low population total: a reinterpretation of the Polybian figures for the number of allies combined with a lower alternative estimate for the number of inhabitants of Gallia Cisalpina allows the ...
NCEA Level 3 Classical Studies (90513) 2012
... ambitions, Macedonia is too small for you.” At only 16, Alexander was entrusted by Philip, who was campaigning in Thrace, to act as regent of his kingdom. And following further military experience in the north of Greece, was at 18 given command of the Companion Cavalry at the battle against Thebes a ...
... ambitions, Macedonia is too small for you.” At only 16, Alexander was entrusted by Philip, who was campaigning in Thrace, to act as regent of his kingdom. And following further military experience in the north of Greece, was at 18 given command of the Companion Cavalry at the battle against Thebes a ...
ROMAN CONQUEST OF SPAIN: THE ECONOMIC MOTIVE
... that indigenous metallurgy remained unchanged throughout."20 Although Phoenician pottery has been recovered, mining clearly remained an indigenous industry. Rothenberg and Freijiero argue that from the seventh century, Phoenician mining production intensified. They further argue that the Phoenicians ...
... that indigenous metallurgy remained unchanged throughout."20 Although Phoenician pottery has been recovered, mining clearly remained an indigenous industry. Rothenberg and Freijiero argue that from the seventh century, Phoenician mining production intensified. They further argue that the Phoenicians ...
Underestimated influences :North Africa in classical antiquity
... Africans and Phoenicians themselves. The indigenous Africans were central to Carthage‟s foundation, its prowess in war, and even the ancestry of its people. Even so, Warmington does not discuss their place in Carthaginian history in his book. Fortunately this trend is recently being broken. More of ...
... Africans and Phoenicians themselves. The indigenous Africans were central to Carthage‟s foundation, its prowess in war, and even the ancestry of its people. Even so, Warmington does not discuss their place in Carthaginian history in his book. Fortunately this trend is recently being broken. More of ...
Marius` Military Reforms and the War Against Jugurtha
... wealth. They were also organized into centuries (hundreds). This division into classes carried into the military. The equite were the richest class, and formed 18 centuries. The rest of the population formed the bulk of the army, consisting of 5 classes acting as infantry. Each class was had its own ...
... wealth. They were also organized into centuries (hundreds). This division into classes carried into the military. The equite were the richest class, and formed 18 centuries. The rest of the population formed the bulk of the army, consisting of 5 classes acting as infantry. Each class was had its own ...
Hannibal Crossing the Alps
... Hannibal successfully led his army through one of the most dangerous expeditions in history. When he came down from the Alps, he had about 20,000 men left and 6,000 cavalry.17 The troops were weary, but they had made the journey. They were now in Italy, where the Romans least expected them. Their fi ...
... Hannibal successfully led his army through one of the most dangerous expeditions in history. When he came down from the Alps, he had about 20,000 men left and 6,000 cavalry.17 The troops were weary, but they had made the journey. They were now in Italy, where the Romans least expected them. Their fi ...
Alpine regiments of the Roman army
The Alpine regiments of the Roman army were those auxiliary units of the army that were originally raised in the Alpine provinces of the Roman Empire: Tres Alpes, Raetia and Noricum. All these regions were inhabited by predominantly Celtic-speaking tribes. They were annexed, or at least occupied, by the emperor Augustus' forces during the period 25-14 BC. The term ""Alpine"" is used geographically in this context and does not necessarily imply that the regiments in question were specialised in mountain warfare. However, in the Julio-Claudian period (ante AD 68), when the regiments were still largely composed of Alpine recruits, it is likely that they were especially adept at mountain operations.As would be expected from mountain people, the Alpine provinces predominantly supplied infantry; only one Alpine cavalry ala is recorded. About 26 Alpine regiments were raised in the Julio-Claudian period, the great majority under Augustus or his successor Tiberius (i.e. before AD 37). Of these, 6 regiments disappeared, either destroyed in action or disbanded, by AD 68. A further 2 regiments were raised by Vespasian (ruled 69-96). These and the 20 surviving Julio-Claudian units are recorded at least until the mid 2nd century, but by that time only around a quarter were still based in the Alpine provinces or in neighbouring Germania Superior (Upper Rhine area). The rest were scattered all over the empire and would probably have long since lost their ethnic Alpine identity through local recruitment.