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The passage is from Book 8 of the Aeneid. The Aeneid was written between 29-19
BCE during the Pax Romana (Roman Peace that spread throughout the empire).
Augustus had just restored peace to Rome after three civil wars. Virgil wrote the
Aeneid during the time that Rome had flourished in art and literature. Virgil wrote
the Aeneid to reflect Rome’s history and success. In Book 8, this history and
success is ultimately shown on the shield made by Vulcan and given to Aeneas by
his mother Venus.
This passage however, is taken from the start of Book 8. Aeneas is troubled by the
“flag of war” raised by Turnus and the Latins and his thoughts are restless as he
attempts to fall asleep by the river. As he is sleeping the River God Tiber, who
appears to him as a man (anthromorporphic) with “reeds in his hair” visits Aeneas
to reassure him of his destiny in Latium and suggests to Aeneas where to find
allies for the upcoming battle.
The ideas expressed in this passage include Pietas, Paterfamilias but mostly
Aeneas’ Fate and Destiny. The prominent idea of the destined fate of Aeneas and
his Trojans can be seen when the River God Tiber announces to Aeneas “long
have we waited for you” and “this is the home that is decreed for you. This is the
home decreed for the gods of your household”. Virgil uses the technique of
repetition in the phrase “this is the home decreed”. Virgil does this to emphasise
that Aeneas, despite his doubt, has indeed reached the promised land of Latium
and that at least, his sea faring trials are over. This “decreed home” of course is
for Virgil’s audience their wonderful capital of the Roman Empire, Rome herself.
Pietas is when you show duty and honour to Gods, Country and Family. Pietas is
demonstrated in this passage through the idea of the rescued Gods of Troy. As
seen in Book Two, Aeneas leaves smouldering Troy not with treasure, but rather
with the Penates, (the household gods) as well as his aged father and son. Now,
the Gods too, have found their resting place. Close to this idea of Pietas is the
idea of the Paterfamilias. Paterfamilias is the title given the eldest male of the
household. Virgil gives Aeneas the epithet “Father Aeneas”. This technique
emphasise the idea that Aeneas is and will be, the founder of the Roman people
whose destiny it is to return to the land where Dardanus came from and thus
“bring back to us the city of Troy”.
The idea of fate and duty can again be seen later in the passage. Tiber prophesises
that Aeneas will find a sow with 30 piglets and that this will represent that in 30
years, Ascanius, Aeneas son, will found the city of Alba Longa, which of course,
will be the birthplace of Rome’s founder, Romulus. Afterwards, Aeneas will
sacrifice the sow and piglets to not only the River God Tiber but to his nemesis
Juno. This act highlights the dutiful character of Aeneas to do what is right by the
Gods despite the circumstances. Lastly, Aeneas is told by the Tiber to “not give
up…not be intimidated”. Virgil once again has used repetition, this time of the
words “Do not”. This friendly use of the imperative once again re-emphasises that
Aeneas has been dutiful to his destiny thus far and needs to continue to have
faith in his fate.
The relationship between this extract and the Aeneid is that this passage
reiterates the support that Aeneas has from the majority of the Gods.
Furthermore, Book 8 is considered a transitional book between Books 7 and 9.
That is, Book 8 focusses on Aeneas making new alliances and preparing for the
inevitable conflict whereas books 7 and 9 displays the beginnings of the trouble
and the actually physical fighting. The River Tiber in the next part of his speech
gives advice to Aeneas about how to find a new ally, the Arcadians and King
Evander.
Virgil was born in 79 BCE, just after the 1st civil war with Sulla and Marius. He
experienced the next to civil wars that took place between; Caesar and Pompey in
49-45 BCE and Mark Antony and Octavian in 31-30 BCE. When Augustus
(Octavian) put an end to all the civil wars, he restored law, order and peace. That
time was known as the ‘Golden Age’ where Augustus’ triumph brought some
optimism to the people of Rome after many years of fearfulness.
The Aeneid’ was made to re-inspire and influence the Romans under the reign of
Augustus (the transition from republic to Principate). Virgil was patroned by
Augustus' close associate Maecenas (the "art and propaganda minister") and he
writes about the greatness of the Roman people as well as Augustus. He believed
that Augustus was Rome’s saviour because he brought the ‘Pax Romana’ (peace).
The ‘Pax Romana’ gave the Roman citizens purpose and a sense of heritage and
this restored public morality. To further the image of peace in Rome, Augustus
restored old buildings (such as temples, forum, state buildings) as well as creating
new ones. During this time trade and culture flourished as a result of peace within
the society, this enabled great writers to produce great works of literature such as
‘The Aeneid’.
Aeneas symbolised what the Roman citizen should aim to achieve, and Augustus
wanted to teach the citizens that the old Roman values were important in order
to bring peace and restore the Republic. As depicted by this particular passage,
Virgil was also reminding his audience of the fated destiny and greatness of Rome
that under Augustus, seemed a new reality.
Words 948
CRITE
RIA
2
The passage is from Book 8 of the Aeneid. The Aeneid was written between 29-19
BCE during the Pax Romana (Roman Peace that spread throughout the empire).
Augustus had just restored peace to Rome after three civil wars. Virgil wrote the
Aeneid during the time that Rome had flourished in art and literature. Virgil wrote
the Aeneid to reflect Rome’s history and success. In Book 8, this history and
success is ultimately shown on the shield made by Vulcan and given to Aeneas by
his mother Venus.
This passage however, is taken from the start of Book 8. Aeneas is troubled by the
“flag of war” raised by Turnus and the Latins and his thoughts are restless as he
CRITE
attempts to fall asleep by the river. As he is sleeping the River God Tiber, who
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appears to him as a man (anthromorporphic) with “reeds in his hair” visits Aeneas 4 and 5
to reassure him of his destiny in Latium and suggests to Aeneas where to find
allies for the upcoming battle.
CRITE
RIA
1 and 5
The ideas expressed in this passage include Pietas, Paterfamilias but mostly
Aeneas’ Fate and Destiny. The prominent idea of the destined fate of Aeneas and
his Trojans can be seen when the River God Tiber announces to Aeneas “long
have we waited for you” and “this is the home that is decreed for you. This is the
home decreed for the gods of your household”. Virgil uses the technique of
repetition in the phrase “this is the home decreed”. Virgil does this to emphasise
that Aeneas, despite his doubt, has indeed reached the promised land of Latium
and that at least, his sea faring trials are over. This “decreed home” of course is
for Virgil’s audience their wonderful capital of the Roman Empire, Rome herself.
Pietas is when you show duty and honour to Gods, Country and Family. Pietas is
demonstrated in this passage through the idea of the rescued Gods of Troy. As
seen in Book Two, Aeneas leaves smouldering Troy not with treasure, but rather
with the Penates, (the household gods) as well as his aged father and son. Now,
the Gods too, have found their resting place. Close to this idea of Pietas is the
idea of the Paterfamilias. Paterfamilias is the title given the eldest male of the
household. Virgil gives Aeneas the epithet “Father Aeneas”. This technique
emphasise the idea that Aeneas is and will be, the founder of the Roman people
CRITE
RIA
1, 4
and 5
whose destiny it is to return to the land where Dardanus came from and thus
“bring back to us the city of Troy”.
The idea of fate and duty can again be seen later in the passage. Tiber prophesises
that Aeneas will find a sow with 30 piglets and that this will represent that in 30
years, Ascanius, Aeneas son, will found the city of Alba Longa, which of course,
will be the birthplace of Rome’s founder, Romulus. Afterwards, Aeneas will
sacrifice the sow and piglets to not only the River God Tiber but to his nemesis
Juno. This act highlights the dutiful character of Aeneas to do what is right by the
Gods despite the circumstances. Lastly, Aeneas is told by the Tiber to “not give
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up…not be intimidated”. Virgil once again has used repetition, this time of the
RIA
words “Do not”. This friendly use of the imperative once again re-emphasises that 1and 5
Aeneas has been dutiful to his destiny thus far and needs to continue to have
faith in his fate.
The relationship between this extract and the Aeneid is that this passage
reiterates the support that Aeneas has from the majority of the Gods.
Furthermore, Book 8 is considered a transitional book between Books 7 and 9.
That is, Book 8 focusses on Aeneas making new alliances and preparing for the
inevitable conflict whereas books 7 and 9 displays the beginnings of the trouble
and the actually physical fighting. The River Tiber in the next part of his speech
gives advice to Aeneas about how to find a new ally, the Arcadians and King
Evander.
Virgil was born in 79 BCE, just after the 1st civil war with Sulla and Marius. He
experienced the next to civil wars that took place between; Caesar and Pompey in
49-45 BCE and Mark Antony and Octavian in 31-30 BCE. When Augustus
(Octavian) put an end to all the civil wars, he restored law, order and peace. That
time was known as the ‘Golden Age’ where Augustus’ triumph brought some
optimism to the people of Rome after many years of fearfulness.
The Aeneid was made to re-inspire and influence the Romans under the reign of
Augustus (the transition from republic to Principate). Virgil was patroned by
Augustus' close associate Maecenas (the "art and propaganda minister") and he
CRITE
RIA
4 and 5
CRITE
RIA
2 and 3
writes about the greatness of the Roman people as well as Augustus. He believed
that Augustus was Rome’s saviour because he brought the ‘Pax Romana’ (peace).
The ‘Pax Romana’ gave the Roman citizens purpose and a sense of heritage and
this restored public morality. To further the image of peace in Rome, Augustus
restored old buildings (such as temples, forum, state buildings) as well as creating
new ones. During this time trade and culture flourished as a result of peace within
the society, this enabled great writers to produce great works of literature such as
‘The Aeneid’.
Aeneas symbolised what the Roman citizen should aim to achieve, and Augustus
wanted to teach the citizens that the old Roman values were important in order
to bring peace and restore the Republic. As depicted by this particular passage,
Virgil was also reminding his audience of the fated destiny and greatness of Rome
that under Augustus, seemed a new reality.
Words 948
CRITE
RIA
1, 3