All flavours of El Niño have similar early subsurface origins - e
... numerous lists of past El Niños23 are both an indicator of and a cause for confusion. Although the SST and surface wind signatures are crucial for determining the global impacts of ENSO, focusing on the initiation of the discharge, which takes place well before any ENSO precursors known at present, ...
... numerous lists of past El Niños23 are both an indicator of and a cause for confusion. Although the SST and surface wind signatures are crucial for determining the global impacts of ENSO, focusing on the initiation of the discharge, which takes place well before any ENSO precursors known at present, ...
Powerpoint - Faiths for Green Africa
... Strengthening commercial and advisory services for SLM and alternative livelihood options Supporting SLM research and dissemination of best-bet technologies and Improving and strengthening SLM knowledge management (KM) and M&E ...
... Strengthening commercial and advisory services for SLM and alternative livelihood options Supporting SLM research and dissemination of best-bet technologies and Improving and strengthening SLM knowledge management (KM) and M&E ...
Ozone Depletion
... return to pre-1980 total column ozone amounts in the Antarctic is expected by the middle of this century. Although Arctic ozone depletion is difficult to predict, a future Arctic polar ozone hole similar to that of the Antarctic appears unlikely. Very short-lived organic chlorine-, bromine-, and iod ...
... return to pre-1980 total column ozone amounts in the Antarctic is expected by the middle of this century. Although Arctic ozone depletion is difficult to predict, a future Arctic polar ozone hole similar to that of the Antarctic appears unlikely. Very short-lived organic chlorine-, bromine-, and iod ...
Recent pause in the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 associated with
... evident in the 1980s and 1990s, when temperature increases were most pronounced (Fig. 3), with the largest impacts at higher latitudes (Fig. 5). Overall, the impact of changes in climate on global net carbon uptake is uncertain, due to the small magnitude of the effect compared with differences betw ...
... evident in the 1980s and 1990s, when temperature increases were most pronounced (Fig. 3), with the largest impacts at higher latitudes (Fig. 5). Overall, the impact of changes in climate on global net carbon uptake is uncertain, due to the small magnitude of the effect compared with differences betw ...
Effect of increased fire activity on global warming in the
... Abstract: Forest fires are an important disturbance in the boreal forest. They are influenced by climate, weather, topography, vegetation, surface deposits, and human activities. In return, forest fires affect the climate through emission of gases and aerosols, and changes in surface albedo, soil proce ...
... Abstract: Forest fires are an important disturbance in the boreal forest. They are influenced by climate, weather, topography, vegetation, surface deposits, and human activities. In return, forest fires affect the climate through emission of gases and aerosols, and changes in surface albedo, soil proce ...
Policy Discourse Analysis: Bangladesh - IIED
... The country receives large amounts of annual rainfall during the monsoons between June and September. Cyclonic storm surges often ravage the coastal areas, while high tides erode coastal lands and embankments. Climate change received significant attention after two major cyclones, Sidr in 2007 and A ...
... The country receives large amounts of annual rainfall during the monsoons between June and September. Cyclonic storm surges often ravage the coastal areas, while high tides erode coastal lands and embankments. Climate change received significant attention after two major cyclones, Sidr in 2007 and A ...
Tipping Points, Thresholds and the Keystone Role of Physiology in
... in species range boundaries, but at least in some cases may be localized extinctions even well within range boundaries. Moreover, recent studies have documented geographic variability in physiological tolerance (Pearson et al., 2009) and have experimentally shown evidence of local adaptation (Kuo an ...
... in species range boundaries, but at least in some cases may be localized extinctions even well within range boundaries. Moreover, recent studies have documented geographic variability in physiological tolerance (Pearson et al., 2009) and have experimentally shown evidence of local adaptation (Kuo an ...
The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is
... releases CO2.[23] Clinker is an industrial precursor of cement. Humans also influence the carbon cycle indirectly by changing the terrestrial and oceanic biosphere. Over the past several centuries, direct and indirect human-caused land use and land cover change (LUCC) has led to the loss of biodiver ...
... releases CO2.[23] Clinker is an industrial precursor of cement. Humans also influence the carbon cycle indirectly by changing the terrestrial and oceanic biosphere. Over the past several centuries, direct and indirect human-caused land use and land cover change (LUCC) has led to the loss of biodiver ...
Report
... Over the past 250 years, human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, land use changes, and agriculture have contributed to a significant increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (IPCC, 2007). As shown in Figure 1, greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide, water vapor, and met ...
... Over the past 250 years, human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, land use changes, and agriculture have contributed to a significant increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (IPCC, 2007). As shown in Figure 1, greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide, water vapor, and met ...
Assessing the Risk of a Collapse of the Atlantic Thermohaline
... Why would the THC collapse? There are two threads of evidence that suggest this possibility. One is based on modelling and the other is drawn from paleoclimate evidence. The first model of the THC was developed by Henry Stommel [1]. In this very simple model, heat and salt are transported from an eq ...
... Why would the THC collapse? There are two threads of evidence that suggest this possibility. One is based on modelling and the other is drawn from paleoclimate evidence. The first model of the THC was developed by Henry Stommel [1]. In this very simple model, heat and salt are transported from an eq ...
Green Finance Solves - UMKC Summer Debate Institute
... Green finance is key to meet Paris obligations- only clear guidelines and government promotion can move investment capital into renewable energy Deborah Lehr June 13, 2016, Chief Executive Officer of Basilinna, a strategic business consulting firm focused on China and the Middle East. In addition, M ...
... Green finance is key to meet Paris obligations- only clear guidelines and government promotion can move investment capital into renewable energy Deborah Lehr June 13, 2016, Chief Executive Officer of Basilinna, a strategic business consulting firm focused on China and the Middle East. In addition, M ...
From `fearing` to `empowering` climate refugees: Governing climate
... field of critical security studies, the concept of governmentality has been adopted to analyse ‘representations of social problems, the means to remedy them and their effects on the construction of subjectivity’ (Aradau and van Munster, 2007: 91). The strength of the concept lies in its ability to i ...
... field of critical security studies, the concept of governmentality has been adopted to analyse ‘representations of social problems, the means to remedy them and their effects on the construction of subjectivity’ (Aradau and van Munster, 2007: 91). The strength of the concept lies in its ability to i ...
Polisdigitocracy
... governments to re-think how they engage with citizens and incorporate their voices into decision making - particularly around climate action. CAM 3.0 shows that more cities are allocating specific staff to plan and manage climate action as it relates to the Information and Communications Technology ...
... governments to re-think how they engage with citizens and incorporate their voices into decision making - particularly around climate action. CAM 3.0 shows that more cities are allocating specific staff to plan and manage climate action as it relates to the Information and Communications Technology ...
Vulnerability of New Zealand pastoral farming to the impacts of
... uncertainties through to impact assessment can result in even the direction of change being uncertain, or reversing when climate change scenarios are revised. These issues are well known by the research community and typically lead to the insistence that forecasts are not possible and that the scena ...
... uncertainties through to impact assessment can result in even the direction of change being uncertain, or reversing when climate change scenarios are revised. These issues are well known by the research community and typically lead to the insistence that forecasts are not possible and that the scena ...
and Aquaculture Projects
... aquatic species and altering productivity, habitats and migration patterns. Sea level rise, combined ...
... aquatic species and altering productivity, habitats and migration patterns. Sea level rise, combined ...
What Is El Niño? - Institute For Global Environmental Strategies
... water—a few inches high and a thousand miles wide. If it reaches the South American coast, we know it as El Niño. ...
... water—a few inches high and a thousand miles wide. If it reaches the South American coast, we know it as El Niño. ...
Recent Climatology, Variability, and Trends in Global Surface Humidity
... climate model [namely the Parallel Climate Model (PCM)] with realistic forcing. It is found that spatial patterns of long-term mean q are largely controlled by climatological surface temperature, with the largest q of 17–19 g kg⫺1 in the Tropics and large seasonal variations over northern mid- and h ...
... climate model [namely the Parallel Climate Model (PCM)] with realistic forcing. It is found that spatial patterns of long-term mean q are largely controlled by climatological surface temperature, with the largest q of 17–19 g kg⫺1 in the Tropics and large seasonal variations over northern mid- and h ...
The Environmental Turning Point
... When one speaks of environmentalism, more precisely the environmental movement, hidden in these catchphrases is the depth and breath of a rising social force (Hawken, 2007). Generally the term the “environmental movement” has come to represent a social movement that attempts to address environmenta ...
... When one speaks of environmentalism, more precisely the environmental movement, hidden in these catchphrases is the depth and breath of a rising social force (Hawken, 2007). Generally the term the “environmental movement” has come to represent a social movement that attempts to address environmenta ...
Linköping University Postprint Technology obscuring equity
... responsibility? In talks regarding the future commitments of the South, this seems not to have been the case. For example: according to Pinguelli Rosa and others, as of 1990 the relative share of energy sector CO2 emissions for Annex 1 and non-Annex 1 parties were of the order of 75% and 25%, respec ...
... responsibility? In talks regarding the future commitments of the South, this seems not to have been the case. For example: according to Pinguelli Rosa and others, as of 1990 the relative share of energy sector CO2 emissions for Annex 1 and non-Annex 1 parties were of the order of 75% and 25%, respec ...
Faculty of Science and Agriculture Dissertation submitted in partial
... are vulnerable to drought by using an improvised remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based mapping approach. The research methodology was comprised of 1) assessment of vulnerability levels and 2) the calculation of established drought assessment indices comprising the Normalized D ...
... are vulnerable to drought by using an improvised remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based mapping approach. The research methodology was comprised of 1) assessment of vulnerability levels and 2) the calculation of established drought assessment indices comprising the Normalized D ...
FINAL DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 24 Subject to Final Copyedit
... the longer growing season, warmer winters and slight increase in winter precipitation), while others could be losers (western Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, where frequent droughts could negatively affect cotton production, increase water demand for irrigation, and exacerbate desertification). In the ...
... the longer growing season, warmer winters and slight increase in winter precipitation), while others could be losers (western Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, where frequent droughts could negatively affect cotton production, increase water demand for irrigation, and exacerbate desertification). In the ...
Climate Change, Agricultural Adaptation and Fairtrade
... and specifically the distinction between farm-level and institutional/policy adaptations is briefly reviewed. The important concept of agricultural innovation systems, including knowledge transfers between farmers and assorted stakeholders, and including social and institutional contexts for those t ...
... and specifically the distinction between farm-level and institutional/policy adaptations is briefly reviewed. The important concept of agricultural innovation systems, including knowledge transfers between farmers and assorted stakeholders, and including social and institutional contexts for those t ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.