Last millennium Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures from
... radiative forcing, and large-scale modes of ocean-atmosphere variability, and provide spatiotemporal targets for climate model comparison and evaluation. Here we use a multiproxy network of tree-ring chronologies to reconstruct spatially resolved warm season (MayeAugust) mean temperatures across the ...
... radiative forcing, and large-scale modes of ocean-atmosphere variability, and provide spatiotemporal targets for climate model comparison and evaluation. Here we use a multiproxy network of tree-ring chronologies to reconstruct spatially resolved warm season (MayeAugust) mean temperatures across the ...
Climate Educator Guide
... • How do living things get carbon? (There are two ways organisms can get the carbon they need. They either get it from the air—as plants do—or they get it by eating other living things. All of our food has carbon) • Besides food, how else do people use carbon? (We use carbon-based products like wo ...
... • How do living things get carbon? (There are two ways organisms can get the carbon they need. They either get it from the air—as plants do—or they get it by eating other living things. All of our food has carbon) • Besides food, how else do people use carbon? (We use carbon-based products like wo ...
A Region Responds to a Changing Climate
... has worked over the past two years to develop this plan with an initial five-year horizon. The plan is a critical milestone of the Compact, entered into by Palm Beach, Broward, Miami-Dade, and Monroe Counties in January 2010. Much of the Compact’s work up to this point has served to unite, organize, ...
... has worked over the past two years to develop this plan with an initial five-year horizon. The plan is a critical milestone of the Compact, entered into by Palm Beach, Broward, Miami-Dade, and Monroe Counties in January 2010. Much of the Compact’s work up to this point has served to unite, organize, ...
LARS-WG A Stochastic Weather Generator for Use in Climate
... contains information for the year (YEAR), Julian day (JDAY, i.e., from 1 to 365 or 366), minimum temperature (MIN; °C), maximum temperature (MAX; °C), precipitation (RAIN; mm) and solar radiation (RAD; MJm-2day-1). Other tags which can be used in the format line are: DAY (day of month), MONTH (month ...
... contains information for the year (YEAR), Julian day (JDAY, i.e., from 1 to 365 or 366), minimum temperature (MIN; °C), maximum temperature (MAX; °C), precipitation (RAIN; mm) and solar radiation (RAD; MJm-2day-1). Other tags which can be used in the format line are: DAY (day of month), MONTH (month ...
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY
... water resources as well as the river’s regime (including regime which depends on the efficiency of water resources management), determine the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the river basin’s water resources on the territory of Lithuania as well as ecological state of the Baltic Sea ...
... water resources as well as the river’s regime (including regime which depends on the efficiency of water resources management), determine the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the river basin’s water resources on the territory of Lithuania as well as ecological state of the Baltic Sea ...
Climate Change - European Commission
... In 1994 the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) came into effect – making a large contribution towards the establishment of key principles in the international fight against climate change. In particular it defined the principle of “common but differentiated responsibiliti ...
... In 1994 the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) came into effect – making a large contribution towards the establishment of key principles in the international fight against climate change. In particular it defined the principle of “common but differentiated responsibiliti ...
Climate change and communicable diseases in the EU
... vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities include the effectiveness of infectious disease surveillance and control programs, access to healthcare, educational levels, economic resources, equity, and social cohesion. Climate change acts to multiply these and other stressors that affect population health ...
... vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities include the effectiveness of infectious disease surveillance and control programs, access to healthcare, educational levels, economic resources, equity, and social cohesion. Climate change acts to multiply these and other stressors that affect population health ...
Soil erosion and climate change: the transect approach and the
... key parameters that can be monitored to establish change. Some results are presented from the Judean Desert transect in Israel to show how a key indicator, in this case aggregate stability, varies with temperature and to show how process–pattern features vary along the limestone transect from the ar ...
... key parameters that can be monitored to establish change. Some results are presented from the Judean Desert transect in Israel to show how a key indicator, in this case aggregate stability, varies with temperature and to show how process–pattern features vary along the limestone transect from the ar ...
Growth and Phenology of Three Dwarf Shrub Species in a Six
... investigations already reported a lack of soil warming x CO2 interactive effects [11,41] and we did not find significant persistent effects of the CO2 enrichment; therefore, we pooled across CO2 treatments for all final analyses. Statistical models for phenology and biomass of the study species incl ...
... investigations already reported a lack of soil warming x CO2 interactive effects [11,41] and we did not find significant persistent effects of the CO2 enrichment; therefore, we pooled across CO2 treatments for all final analyses. Statistical models for phenology and biomass of the study species incl ...
CHAPTER 13 CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND WESTERN WILDFIRE WITH IMPLICATIONS
... Wildfire dynamics in portions of the western United States have been dramatically altered from pre-European settlement conditions. Increased fire hazards due to 20th century fire suppression and other human activities have serious implications for the urban–wildland interface, including risks to human ...
... Wildfire dynamics in portions of the western United States have been dramatically altered from pre-European settlement conditions. Increased fire hazards due to 20th century fire suppression and other human activities have serious implications for the urban–wildland interface, including risks to human ...
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
... Observations in this region indicate that treelines advanced upslope by up to 60 meters in altitude in northern Sweden during the 20th century. The rate of advance in recent decades has been half a meter per year and 40 meters per ˚C. In the Russian part of this region, there has actually been a sou ...
... Observations in this region indicate that treelines advanced upslope by up to 60 meters in altitude in northern Sweden during the 20th century. The rate of advance in recent decades has been half a meter per year and 40 meters per ˚C. In the Russian part of this region, there has actually been a sou ...
Water-based Adhesives for Flexible Packaging
... The main driver of environmental differences among the alternatives is the production of the solvent of the solvent-based PU adhesive system. The main economic differences originate from the additional costs for the solvent of the solvent-based PU system and from differences in the adhesive prod ...
... The main driver of environmental differences among the alternatives is the production of the solvent of the solvent-based PU adhesive system. The main economic differences originate from the additional costs for the solvent of the solvent-based PU system and from differences in the adhesive prod ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Yongyang Cai Kenneth L. Judd
... IGEM (Goettle et al. 2009), is beyond the scientific frontier. A truly stochastic model would also enable a sound analysis of abrupt and irreversible climate change which so far has only been studied in very simple models. Full-size versions of IAMs have only dealt with this topic by using probabili ...
... IGEM (Goettle et al. 2009), is beyond the scientific frontier. A truly stochastic model would also enable a sound analysis of abrupt and irreversible climate change which so far has only been studied in very simple models. Full-size versions of IAMs have only dealt with this topic by using probabili ...
Can we model observed soil carbon changes from a dense inventory?
... England and Wales during the period 1978–2003. They hypothesized that this decrease might in part be due to climate change because the observed decrease occurred across all types of land use across the two countries. Subsequently different modelling approaches have been used to try to reproduce this ...
... England and Wales during the period 1978–2003. They hypothesized that this decrease might in part be due to climate change because the observed decrease occurred across all types of land use across the two countries. Subsequently different modelling approaches have been used to try to reproduce this ...
Economics of Climate Change Kenya
... Development). Additional resources on the economics of climate adaptation and low carbon growth in Africa were provided under the AdaptCost project from UNEP and the EC ClimateCost project. We acknowledge the valuable contributions of many people and organisations. In particular, we would like to th ...
... Development). Additional resources on the economics of climate adaptation and low carbon growth in Africa were provided under the AdaptCost project from UNEP and the EC ClimateCost project. We acknowledge the valuable contributions of many people and organisations. In particular, we would like to th ...
On Welfare Frameworks and Catastrophic Climate Risks
... preferences, social willingness to pay need not be similarly constrained. I demonstrate that even if every individual’s utility function is bounded, aggregate social welfare may still be unbounded below at positive consumption levels. This suggests that in some cases social evaluation of catastrophi ...
... preferences, social willingness to pay need not be similarly constrained. I demonstrate that even if every individual’s utility function is bounded, aggregate social welfare may still be unbounded below at positive consumption levels. This suggests that in some cases social evaluation of catastrophi ...
Strategy and Action Plan - Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism
... This report is the second of four outputs in this initiative of CRFM and FAO on ‘Climate change adaptation and disaster risk management in fisheries and aquaculture in the CARICOM region’. The aim is to develop a strategy and action plan for integrating DRM, CCA and fisheries and aquaculture, with a ...
... This report is the second of four outputs in this initiative of CRFM and FAO on ‘Climate change adaptation and disaster risk management in fisheries and aquaculture in the CARICOM region’. The aim is to develop a strategy and action plan for integrating DRM, CCA and fisheries and aquaculture, with a ...
The carbon jigsaw AccountAncy futures
... Because greenhouse emissions are currently an externality for producers, there need to be incentives to drive lowcarbon choices. Stern advocates: • a global carbon price, through emissions trading and carbon taxes, as well as measures to ensure that dangerous investment decisions are not made durin ...
... Because greenhouse emissions are currently an externality for producers, there need to be incentives to drive lowcarbon choices. Stern advocates: • a global carbon price, through emissions trading and carbon taxes, as well as measures to ensure that dangerous investment decisions are not made durin ...
Invited Commentary A simple framework for evaluating regional
... temperatures will rise and patterns of precipitation will be altered. These predictions for the future have important implications for all ecosystems, particularly those, such as wetlands, whose ecological character is very dependent on its hydrological regime. The potential impacts of climate chang ...
... temperatures will rise and patterns of precipitation will be altered. These predictions for the future have important implications for all ecosystems, particularly those, such as wetlands, whose ecological character is very dependent on its hydrological regime. The potential impacts of climate chang ...
Sinaloa - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
... states (e.g., Chiapas), there are still development needs. Unemployment could be linked to the fact that in comparison to the rest of the country, in Sinaloa, a smaller portion of the population owns land. This means that most farmers work as labourers. A second reason for unemployment, according to ...
... states (e.g., Chiapas), there are still development needs. Unemployment could be linked to the fact that in comparison to the rest of the country, in Sinaloa, a smaller portion of the population owns land. This means that most farmers work as labourers. A second reason for unemployment, according to ...
Flood risk and climate change: global and regional perspectives
... chapters of the SREX report, namely, Chapter 3, “Changes in climate extremes and their impacts on the natural physical environment” (Seneviratne et al. 2012, hereafter referred to as S12), and Chapter 4, “Changes in impacts of climate extremes: human systems and ecosystems” (Handmer et al. 2012, her ...
... chapters of the SREX report, namely, Chapter 3, “Changes in climate extremes and their impacts on the natural physical environment” (Seneviratne et al. 2012, hereafter referred to as S12), and Chapter 4, “Changes in impacts of climate extremes: human systems and ecosystems” (Handmer et al. 2012, her ...
UNDERSTANDING EL NIÑO IN OCEAN–ATMOSPHERE GENERAL
... processes are required to transfer energy between fluctuations at different space and time scales. The FIG. 5. ENSO amplitude in 23 coupled CGCMs, including those used main nonlinear processes relevant for the IPCC AR4, as measured by the Niño-3 SST anomaly std dev to ENSO and highlighted by the in ...
... processes are required to transfer energy between fluctuations at different space and time scales. The FIG. 5. ENSO amplitude in 23 coupled CGCMs, including those used main nonlinear processes relevant for the IPCC AR4, as measured by the Niño-3 SST anomaly std dev to ENSO and highlighted by the in ...
Chapter 18 (HLTH-3): Abiotic Factors
... addressed in this Assessment. Climate influences the establishment and growth of forest trees, affecting the extent and quality of forest ecosystems. The spatial and temporal distribution of air temperature and precipitation is the primary climatic factor shaping forests. Human activities contribute ...
... addressed in this Assessment. Climate influences the establishment and growth of forest trees, affecting the extent and quality of forest ecosystems. The spatial and temporal distribution of air temperature and precipitation is the primary climatic factor shaping forests. Human activities contribute ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.