... As a result of climate change, heat-related health impacts may worsen in the future due to projected temperature increases [18]. The magnitude of the future temperature-related health impacts may, however, be offset by acclimatization [22]. Adaptation measures, including behavioral change and implem ...
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... are usually oriented to the south and placed below a hill to protect from winds in cold countries. Within economics, the determinants of home improvements have been studied by a series of empirical papers at least since the 1970s. Apart from a few regional-level examples (e.g. Mendelsohn, 1977; Maye ...
... are usually oriented to the south and placed below a hill to protect from winds in cold countries. Within economics, the determinants of home improvements have been studied by a series of empirical papers at least since the 1970s. Apart from a few regional-level examples (e.g. Mendelsohn, 1977; Maye ...
Incorporating estuaries as a source or sink of sediment within
... the Holocene; accordingly, mature estuaries have strongly positive sediment budgets, while immature estuaries have weakly positive sediment budgets. Should these antecedent conditions continue in the future, mature estuaries may continue to infill at rates that approach equilibrium with the rate of ...
... the Holocene; accordingly, mature estuaries have strongly positive sediment budgets, while immature estuaries have weakly positive sediment budgets. Should these antecedent conditions continue in the future, mature estuaries may continue to infill at rates that approach equilibrium with the rate of ...
Document
... need for a model-based DSS which can improve temperatures are presented. the management efficiency of cotton production systems. About 15 cotton development models 1. INTRODUCTION have been proposed and published (Jallas, 1998). Of all these models, GOSSYM is the most widely Decision support systems ...
... need for a model-based DSS which can improve temperatures are presented. the management efficiency of cotton production systems. About 15 cotton development models 1. INTRODUCTION have been proposed and published (Jallas, 1998). Of all these models, GOSSYM is the most widely Decision support systems ...
Implications of Climate Change for Armed Conflict
... environment. Among the many projected impacts highlighted in the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we identify and discuss three potential natural consequences that could have substantial security implications: increasing scarcity and variability ...
... environment. Among the many projected impacts highlighted in the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we identify and discuss three potential natural consequences that could have substantial security implications: increasing scarcity and variability ...
M20130001_en.pdf
... scenarios and emissions trajectories, while considering the costs and benefits of potential “business as usual” responses, and of options for vulnerability reduction and adaptation, as well as the transition toward an economy that is both sustainable and low in carbon. The Project Steering Committee ...
... scenarios and emissions trajectories, while considering the costs and benefits of potential “business as usual” responses, and of options for vulnerability reduction and adaptation, as well as the transition toward an economy that is both sustainable and low in carbon. The Project Steering Committee ...
Who`s holding us back?
... are boldly reframing the debates despite economic analysis and reports that show the economic benefits to taking action on climate change. This report reveals how, despite EU Commission analysis showing the economic benefits of a 30% emissions reduction target, BusinessEurope and others have been su ...
... are boldly reframing the debates despite economic analysis and reports that show the economic benefits to taking action on climate change. This report reveals how, despite EU Commission analysis showing the economic benefits of a 30% emissions reduction target, BusinessEurope and others have been su ...
Regulation on Carbon Emission Trading Pricing-to-Market: Based on
... emissions to 1990 state levels by 2020 and employ a cap-and-trade approach. The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiatives (“RGGI”) among 10 northeast states came into effect on January 1, 2009, aiming at limit GHG emission from power sector source. West Climate Initiatives (“WCI”) introduced by 7 west sta ...
... emissions to 1990 state levels by 2020 and employ a cap-and-trade approach. The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiatives (“RGGI”) among 10 northeast states came into effect on January 1, 2009, aiming at limit GHG emission from power sector source. West Climate Initiatives (“WCI”) introduced by 7 west sta ...
Working Paper 198 - Castells-Quintana et al (opens in new window)
... academic and policy literature. In this paper we review potential effects of climate change on the prospects for long-run economic development. These effects might operate directly, via the role of geography (including climate) as a fundamental determinant of relative prosperity, or indirectly by mo ...
... academic and policy literature. In this paper we review potential effects of climate change on the prospects for long-run economic development. These effects might operate directly, via the role of geography (including climate) as a fundamental determinant of relative prosperity, or indirectly by mo ...
- American Meteorological Society
... Rasmussen et al. 2011). These climate change impacts can be considered predictable, at least to some extent, because of growing confidence that temperatures will increase throughout much of the globe in the coming decades (e.g., Meehl et al. 2007). The relatively high confidence that we have in the ...
... Rasmussen et al. 2011). These climate change impacts can be considered predictable, at least to some extent, because of growing confidence that temperatures will increase throughout much of the globe in the coming decades (e.g., Meehl et al. 2007). The relatively high confidence that we have in the ...
Abandoning Fossil Fuel - OxCarre
... benefits of learning by doing in using renewables. To correct for these market failures one must set a carbon tax equal to the social cost of carbon (SCC), which corresponds to the present value of all future marginal global warming damages from burning one extra unit carbon,1 and set a renewable su ...
... benefits of learning by doing in using renewables. To correct for these market failures one must set a carbon tax equal to the social cost of carbon (SCC), which corresponds to the present value of all future marginal global warming damages from burning one extra unit carbon,1 and set a renewable su ...
THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND TRANSNATIONAL
... (CDP) in regard to climate change risks: 88 reported "risks from temperature increase I heatwaves"; 81 reported "risks from frequent I intense rainfall"; 49 reported "risks from drought"; 43 reported "risks from storms I floods"; and 39 reported "risks from sea level rise" (Carbon Disclosure Project ...
... (CDP) in regard to climate change risks: 88 reported "risks from temperature increase I heatwaves"; 81 reported "risks from frequent I intense rainfall"; 49 reported "risks from drought"; 43 reported "risks from storms I floods"; and 39 reported "risks from sea level rise" (Carbon Disclosure Project ...
Weather Files and Future Climate
... temperatures at a given location. This is partly due to the relatively small number of files available for the UK and also the locations of the weather stations used to create the CIBSE TRYs and DSYs are generally located next to cities. This may seem to be a good idea since this is where the majori ...
... temperatures at a given location. This is partly due to the relatively small number of files available for the UK and also the locations of the weather stations used to create the CIBSE TRYs and DSYs are generally located next to cities. This may seem to be a good idea since this is where the majori ...
Climate Change Adaptation and Development
... the time scale. Instead, the production system will be viable until water resources are depleted, at which point farmers will have to face a changed water regime unadapted. Consequently, irrigation can be seen as a temporary solution to delay other changes in agricultural practice or livelihood, suc ...
... the time scale. Instead, the production system will be viable until water resources are depleted, at which point farmers will have to face a changed water regime unadapted. Consequently, irrigation can be seen as a temporary solution to delay other changes in agricultural practice or livelihood, suc ...
English - Global Environment Facility
... specifically for this study, is being applied in developing and developed countries, through a diverse set of case studies. The framework identifies where and from which type of hazard a country is most at risk, together with the magnitude of the expected loss, and reveals what sets of adaptation me ...
... specifically for this study, is being applied in developing and developed countries, through a diverse set of case studies. The framework identifies where and from which type of hazard a country is most at risk, together with the magnitude of the expected loss, and reveals what sets of adaptation me ...
Adaptation Research Programs and Funding
... Defining Adaptation and Scope As a foundation for this paper, two definitions of adaptation are provided. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines adaptation as (2) “an adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, whi ...
... Defining Adaptation and Scope As a foundation for this paper, two definitions of adaptation are provided. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines adaptation as (2) “an adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, whi ...
Climatic controls and climate proxy potential of Lewis Glacier, Mt
... best studied tropical glaciers and has experienced considerable retreat since a maximum extent in the late 19th century (L19). From distributed mass and energy balance modelling, this study evaluates the current sensitivity of the surface mass and energy balance to climatic drivers, explores climate ...
... best studied tropical glaciers and has experienced considerable retreat since a maximum extent in the late 19th century (L19). From distributed mass and energy balance modelling, this study evaluates the current sensitivity of the surface mass and energy balance to climatic drivers, explores climate ...
text_2ed_rev - Department of the Geophysical Sciences
... question of whether a change in the average will even be noticeable. One way that the average weather matters is in precipitation. Groundwater tends to accumulate, reflecting rainfall over the past weeks and months. It may not matter to a farmer whether it rains on one day versus the next, but if th ...
... question of whether a change in the average will even be noticeable. One way that the average weather matters is in precipitation. Groundwater tends to accumulate, reflecting rainfall over the past weeks and months. It may not matter to a farmer whether it rains on one day versus the next, but if th ...
Up in smoke? Asia and the Pacific - iied iied
... Change (IPCC) indicates that all of Asia is very likely to warm during this century. Warming will be accompanied by less predictable and more extreme patterns of rainfall, including droughts and more extreme inundations. Tropical cyclones are projected to increase in magnitude and frequency, while m ...
... Change (IPCC) indicates that all of Asia is very likely to warm during this century. Warming will be accompanied by less predictable and more extreme patterns of rainfall, including droughts and more extreme inundations. Tropical cyclones are projected to increase in magnitude and frequency, while m ...
United Nations Development Programme
... is environment protection. The UN’s support in this area responds to the national priority for strengthening national capacities for integrated environmental management and enhancing administrative capacities at central and local level for enforcement and fulfillment of obligations of regional and g ...
... is environment protection. The UN’s support in this area responds to the national priority for strengthening national capacities for integrated environmental management and enhancing administrative capacities at central and local level for enforcement and fulfillment of obligations of regional and g ...
Climate Change Resilience Planning
... In order to promote New York City’s resilience in the face of climate change, Central Park must maintain a healthy, robust, and stable ecosystem. Biodiversity plays an important role in climate change resilience. The more diverse an ecosystem is, the more likely it is to thrive, recover from disturb ...
... In order to promote New York City’s resilience in the face of climate change, Central Park must maintain a healthy, robust, and stable ecosystem. Biodiversity plays an important role in climate change resilience. The more diverse an ecosystem is, the more likely it is to thrive, recover from disturb ...
Inter-hemispheric linkages in climate change
... The focus for much of this work has centred on the termination of the last ice-age. The primary reason for this is that the warming associated with this termination is of similar or even larger magnitude than the human-induced climate modification expected under future greenhouse-gas scenarios (Wats ...
... The focus for much of this work has centred on the termination of the last ice-age. The primary reason for this is that the warming associated with this termination is of similar or even larger magnitude than the human-induced climate modification expected under future greenhouse-gas scenarios (Wats ...
Trends in Observation and Research of Deep Ocean Circulation and
... this portion of the circulation is called “deep ocean circulation.” Figure 1 is a view showing the meridional overturning circulation identified as a result of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), which will be described later. It shows seawater circulation in the Pacific, Atlantic and Ind ...
... this portion of the circulation is called “deep ocean circulation.” Figure 1 is a view showing the meridional overturning circulation identified as a result of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), which will be described later. It shows seawater circulation in the Pacific, Atlantic and Ind ...
–boreal Predicting tree biomass growth in the temperate
... diameter, may actually be producing biomass at rates that differ by orders of magnitude, largely due to differences in stem geometry (i.e., the location of diameter increment on a stem of larger or smaller circumference), stature, and wood density (Fig. 1a, b). Further obscuring these differences, t ...
... diameter, may actually be producing biomass at rates that differ by orders of magnitude, largely due to differences in stem geometry (i.e., the location of diameter increment on a stem of larger or smaller circumference), stature, and wood density (Fig. 1a, b). Further obscuring these differences, t ...
A Greener Dragon? - Department of Defence
... there is considerable potential for climate change to impact significantly on the national security of affected states. 16 However, climate change is also a transnational security issue. While effective state-level policies are critical, individual countries alone cannot remove the climate change th ...
... there is considerable potential for climate change to impact significantly on the national security of affected states. 16 However, climate change is also a transnational security issue. While effective state-level policies are critical, individual countries alone cannot remove the climate change th ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.