The Kyoto Protocol accounting rules
... annually by the end of the five-year first commitment period (2008-2012). 6 More precisely, Australia is to ensure that its ‘…aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed [108 per cent of 1990 levels]…’ 7 Carbon dioxide (CO2) is ...
... annually by the end of the five-year first commitment period (2008-2012). 6 More precisely, Australia is to ensure that its ‘…aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed [108 per cent of 1990 levels]…’ 7 Carbon dioxide (CO2) is ...
climate action plan - Town of San Anselmo
... Earth’s climate by trapping infrared radiation (heat), a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect. Significant evidence suggests that human activities are increasing the concentration of these gases (known as “greenhouse gases” or GHG) in the atmosphere, causing a rise in global average surface tem ...
... Earth’s climate by trapping infrared radiation (heat), a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect. Significant evidence suggests that human activities are increasing the concentration of these gases (known as “greenhouse gases” or GHG) in the atmosphere, causing a rise in global average surface tem ...
Co-management institutions, knowledge, and learning: Adapting to
... Alongside long-term cultural adaptations, recent climate-related changes in the Arctic have been triggering short-term (or coping) responses (Berkes and Jolly 2001; Smit et al. 2008). In addition to these adaptations and coping responses, there may be other ways to make Arctic communities better abl ...
... Alongside long-term cultural adaptations, recent climate-related changes in the Arctic have been triggering short-term (or coping) responses (Berkes and Jolly 2001; Smit et al. 2008). In addition to these adaptations and coping responses, there may be other ways to make Arctic communities better abl ...
Climate Change Associated Sediment Yield Changes on the Rio
... spring melting of the snowpack. These changes may not only impact surface water flows, but the interaction between surface water and ground water as well. Warmer temperatures are anticipated to both drive up evaporation rates and increase the length of the growing season, contributing to lower overa ...
... spring melting of the snowpack. These changes may not only impact surface water flows, but the interaction between surface water and ground water as well. Warmer temperatures are anticipated to both drive up evaporation rates and increase the length of the growing season, contributing to lower overa ...
climate change: realities of relocation for alaska native villages
... According to Mille Hawley, President of the Kivalina IRA Council, the community has shifted its focus from relocation to evacuation. The community decided on the change because evacuation is something that state and federal agencies can support more easily than relocation, and a strong evacuation ...
... According to Mille Hawley, President of the Kivalina IRA Council, the community has shifted its focus from relocation to evacuation. The community decided on the change because evacuation is something that state and federal agencies can support more easily than relocation, and a strong evacuation ...
The Status of Climate Change Data: A Case Study for
... The findings revealed that some infrastructure currently exists for climate data. The essential climate variables rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and wind speed are collected by nine (9) weather stations, two (2) of which are manned stations and seven (7) of which are autom ...
... The findings revealed that some infrastructure currently exists for climate data. The essential climate variables rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and wind speed are collected by nine (9) weather stations, two (2) of which are manned stations and seven (7) of which are autom ...
Tackling the Limits to Adaptation
... Into Unknown Territory.9 The report highlighted the limits to adaptation and the reality of loss and damage from climate impacts. The report highlights “that even with effective action to mitigate climate change and adapt to its impacts, some countries will experience irreversible losses. Land, prop ...
... Into Unknown Territory.9 The report highlighted the limits to adaptation and the reality of loss and damage from climate impacts. The report highlights “that even with effective action to mitigate climate change and adapt to its impacts, some countries will experience irreversible losses. Land, prop ...
Republic of Gambia, Initial National Communication
... Figure 4.3.6.2: Estimates of average monthly biomass produced under various climate scenarios 86 Figure 4.3.6.3: Estimates of average monthly live biomass for warm season grass under various 86 climate scenarios Figure 4.3.6.4: Estimates of dry matter production for warm season grass under various c ...
... Figure 4.3.6.2: Estimates of average monthly biomass produced under various climate scenarios 86 Figure 4.3.6.3: Estimates of average monthly live biomass for warm season grass under various 86 climate scenarios Figure 4.3.6.4: Estimates of dry matter production for warm season grass under various c ...
Groundwater and climate change
... of crisis6 because of over-abstraction in many semiarid and arid regions and the uncertain consequences of climate change7. Climate change is expected to significantly modify the global hydrological cycle and there is a broad consensus that climate change effects will be felt by humans mainly throug ...
... of crisis6 because of over-abstraction in many semiarid and arid regions and the uncertain consequences of climate change7. Climate change is expected to significantly modify the global hydrological cycle and there is a broad consensus that climate change effects will be felt by humans mainly throug ...
The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection`s Action
... Commonwealth will adopt to meet the goal of a 25 percent reduction of GHG emissions by 2020.13 The CECP includes policies, programs and regulations that will reduce GHG emissions from all sectors of GHG emissions: electricity generation, commercial, industrial, manufacturing, residential and transpo ...
... Commonwealth will adopt to meet the goal of a 25 percent reduction of GHG emissions by 2020.13 The CECP includes policies, programs and regulations that will reduce GHG emissions from all sectors of GHG emissions: electricity generation, commercial, industrial, manufacturing, residential and transpo ...
Spring 2008 Summary
... pressure brought on by quadrupled CO2 in the atmosphere. In the fall 2007 semester, we developed QQ-plots for individual grid boxes of the CM2.1 climate model over the United States, where we also plotted a line corresponding to an increase in precipitation expected if precipitation were to increase ...
... pressure brought on by quadrupled CO2 in the atmosphere. In the fall 2007 semester, we developed QQ-plots for individual grid boxes of the CM2.1 climate model over the United States, where we also plotted a line corresponding to an increase in precipitation expected if precipitation were to increase ...
Projected responses of North American grassland - ace
... ABSTRACT. Across North America, grassland songbirds have undergone steep population declines over recent decades, commonly attributed to agricultural intensification. Understanding the potential interactions between the impacts of climate change on the future distributions of these species and the a ...
... ABSTRACT. Across North America, grassland songbirds have undergone steep population declines over recent decades, commonly attributed to agricultural intensification. Understanding the potential interactions between the impacts of climate change on the future distributions of these species and the a ...
Ocean under stress - Plymouth Marine Laboratory
... processes with potentially serious implications for society. ...
... processes with potentially serious implications for society. ...
PDF
... within that system, trading across systems allows higher-cost reductions to be replaced by lower-cost reductions from a different system. These cost savings create significant incentives for regulatory authorities to link tradable permit systems, but there are also some reasonable concerns about lin ...
... within that system, trading across systems allows higher-cost reductions to be replaced by lower-cost reductions from a different system. These cost savings create significant incentives for regulatory authorities to link tradable permit systems, but there are also some reasonable concerns about lin ...
Time to Evolve? Potential Evolutionary Responses of Fraser River
... summer peak (usually early August, see Fig. 2B), while others migrate during, or after, the peak. Future increases in summer water temperatures might select for earlier migration timing in populations that initiate their freshwater migration before the temperature peak and later timing in those popu ...
... summer peak (usually early August, see Fig. 2B), while others migrate during, or after, the peak. Future increases in summer water temperatures might select for earlier migration timing in populations that initiate their freshwater migration before the temperature peak and later timing in those popu ...
Chapter 6 _4_ - Mater Academy of International Studies
... Scientists have been saying for more than two decades that the world needs to recognize the importance of climate change and take steps to minimize further warming. The changes in behavior needed to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions will be major and will require input from economics and many oth ...
... Scientists have been saying for more than two decades that the world needs to recognize the importance of climate change and take steps to minimize further warming. The changes in behavior needed to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions will be major and will require input from economics and many oth ...
- BENJapan
... CO2. According to Watson, [6] cutting methane requires only modest investment as compared to CO2. Cooling follows within a decade when we stop methane emission unlike centuries to reduce CO2. That’s why emphasis has been given on cutting down methane emissions from waste management in the current st ...
... CO2. According to Watson, [6] cutting methane requires only modest investment as compared to CO2. Cooling follows within a decade when we stop methane emission unlike centuries to reduce CO2. That’s why emphasis has been given on cutting down methane emissions from waste management in the current st ...
Future wave conditions at the German Baltic Sea Coast on
... strategies for the German Baltic Sea Coast. Therefore existing coastal protection strategies and methods have to be assessed. As a basis for these investigations, future changes of the local wave climate and the morphology of coastal areas were examined. The changes are resulting from regional clima ...
... strategies for the German Baltic Sea Coast. Therefore existing coastal protection strategies and methods have to be assessed. As a basis for these investigations, future changes of the local wave climate and the morphology of coastal areas were examined. The changes are resulting from regional clima ...
Text (Open Access) - Reading`s CentAUR
... the chemistry of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), model sensitivity studies [Shindell et al., 2009; Stevenson et al., 2013] attribute much of the increase in tropospheric ozone since 1850 to the increase in methane and NOx , with only a minor contribution from NMVOCs. This suggests t ...
... the chemistry of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), model sensitivity studies [Shindell et al., 2009; Stevenson et al., 2013] attribute much of the increase in tropospheric ozone since 1850 to the increase in methane and NOx , with only a minor contribution from NMVOCs. This suggests t ...
Framework for City Climate Risk Assessment
... Further, the IPCC (2007b) Working Group II lays emphasis on conceptual issues regarding urban climate change with a focus on economic and social sectors in Chapter 7 on Industry, Settlements, and Society. The review identifies four key findings with very high or high confidence. ...
... Further, the IPCC (2007b) Working Group II lays emphasis on conceptual issues regarding urban climate change with a focus on economic and social sectors in Chapter 7 on Industry, Settlements, and Society. The review identifies four key findings with very high or high confidence. ...
6.4 Meeting Ecological Challenges
... Scientists have been saying for more than two decades that the world needs to recognize the importance of climate change and take steps to minimize further warming. The changes in behavior needed to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions will be major and will require input from economics and many oth ...
... Scientists have been saying for more than two decades that the world needs to recognize the importance of climate change and take steps to minimize further warming. The changes in behavior needed to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions will be major and will require input from economics and many oth ...
Beyond Known Worlds: Climate Change Governance by Arbitral
... between climate change and foreign direct investments. Despite the upsurge in arbitrations at the crossroads between investment and climate change, the interplay between climate change and foreign direct investments remains underexplored and in need of systematization. Climate change has introduced ...
... between climate change and foreign direct investments. Despite the upsurge in arbitrations at the crossroads between investment and climate change, the interplay between climate change and foreign direct investments remains underexplored and in need of systematization. Climate change has introduced ...
English - MDG Fund
... natural geography, resource endowment and other natural factors on carbon emissions for meeting basic needs. Opinions in support of it hold that the above impacts exist. For example, comfort of living environment is a basic human need, but people living in especially cold or hot areas must consume m ...
... natural geography, resource endowment and other natural factors on carbon emissions for meeting basic needs. Opinions in support of it hold that the above impacts exist. For example, comfort of living environment is a basic human need, but people living in especially cold or hot areas must consume m ...
Ocean Stress Guide - Plymouth Marine Laboratory
... processes with potentially serious implications for society. ...
... processes with potentially serious implications for society. ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.