Climate Change and Human Security
... 1. Introduction: Springtime for whom? This spring at the Earth’s higher latitudes sees the UN Security Council about to break new ground by taking up the issue of climate change. How will changing climate patterns affect both inter-state relations and international and national security in a narrow, ...
... 1. Introduction: Springtime for whom? This spring at the Earth’s higher latitudes sees the UN Security Council about to break new ground by taking up the issue of climate change. How will changing climate patterns affect both inter-state relations and international and national security in a narrow, ...
Document
... Atmospheric CO2 will double relative to pre-Industrial levels in the next 100 years or so. Methane already has doubled. ...
... Atmospheric CO2 will double relative to pre-Industrial levels in the next 100 years or so. Methane already has doubled. ...
Chapter 10 Communication
... In acting to achieve the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC, the Parties to the UNFCCC must periodically communicate information on their implementation efforts, and on constraints, problems and gaps, to the COP. This information is provided in the form of national communications, which include inform ...
... In acting to achieve the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC, the Parties to the UNFCCC must periodically communicate information on their implementation efforts, and on constraints, problems and gaps, to the COP. This information is provided in the form of national communications, which include inform ...
Cumming and Van Vuuren 2006
... In this paper we use a set of climate scenarios developed using the 2.2 (Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment, version 2.2) model. 2.2 is a global integrated assessment model that was developed to explore elements of the causal chain of global environmental change (Alcamo et ...
... In this paper we use a set of climate scenarios developed using the 2.2 (Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment, version 2.2) model. 2.2 is a global integrated assessment model that was developed to explore elements of the causal chain of global environmental change (Alcamo et ...
carbon pricing - The Climate Group
... http://science.time.com/2013/01/29/obama-talkOs-climate-change-california-is-acting-on-it ...
... http://science.time.com/2013/01/29/obama-talkOs-climate-change-california-is-acting-on-it ...
International emissions schemes update, (pptx
... took steps to lower the annual cap and hold back excess allowances from the past years, which has nudged prices above $3.35, and may have fixed the problem through 2020. ...
... took steps to lower the annual cap and hold back excess allowances from the past years, which has nudged prices above $3.35, and may have fixed the problem through 2020. ...
The risks of relying on tomorrow`s `negative emissions` to guide
... emissions options, insofar as they rely on biological carbon fixation, are inherently landintensive. This means they would take up large amounts of land that might otherwise be used for agriculture, or be left wild. There is thus no guarantee that it will be possible to deploy them at large enough s ...
... emissions options, insofar as they rely on biological carbon fixation, are inherently landintensive. This means they would take up large amounts of land that might otherwise be used for agriculture, or be left wild. There is thus no guarantee that it will be possible to deploy them at large enough s ...
Environmental Degradation, Social Sin, and the Common Good
... of scientists have looked for other possible causes and have concluded that human input of carbonic and nitrous compounds into the atmosphere is responsible. The largest growth in greenhouse gas emissions between 1970 and 2004 came from energy production, other industries, and transportation, while ...
... of scientists have looked for other possible causes and have concluded that human input of carbonic and nitrous compounds into the atmosphere is responsible. The largest growth in greenhouse gas emissions between 1970 and 2004 came from energy production, other industries, and transportation, while ...
Adaptation Planning Background Material
... Climate Change Adaptation Planning: Background Material Introduction The climate is changing and causing a host of serious consequences for people around the world. In the United States, Native Americans and Alaska Natives will likely be disproportionately impacted compared to their non-Native count ...
... Climate Change Adaptation Planning: Background Material Introduction The climate is changing and causing a host of serious consequences for people around the world. In the United States, Native Americans and Alaska Natives will likely be disproportionately impacted compared to their non-Native count ...
Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change
... biases are not large enough to prejudice conclusions about recent warming. The increasing amount of buoy data, although in principle more accurate than most ship measurements, introduces further inhomogeneities (Kent and Challenor, 2006; Kent and Kaplan, 2006), which may have caused an underestimate ...
... biases are not large enough to prejudice conclusions about recent warming. The increasing amount of buoy data, although in principle more accurate than most ship measurements, introduces further inhomogeneities (Kent and Challenor, 2006; Kent and Kaplan, 2006), which may have caused an underestimate ...
Climate change, food, water and population health in China
... by up to 40% due to a collapse of law and order and years of economic distress and warfare that were all underpinned by droughts and floods and associated outbreaks of famine and disease.41 The short-term, direct impact of climate change on health in China is likely to be via increased air temperatu ...
... by up to 40% due to a collapse of law and order and years of economic distress and warfare that were all underpinned by droughts and floods and associated outbreaks of famine and disease.41 The short-term, direct impact of climate change on health in China is likely to be via increased air temperatu ...
Climate variability and malaria epidemics in the highlands of East
... malaria epidemics in the East African highlands since the early 1980s. If proven, this would be an interesting result but we believe that the methods used do not test the hypothesis suggested. In their analyses, Zhou et al. [1] first aggregate meteorological time-series for two arbitrary, almost equ ...
... malaria epidemics in the East African highlands since the early 1980s. If proven, this would be an interesting result but we believe that the methods used do not test the hypothesis suggested. In their analyses, Zhou et al. [1] first aggregate meteorological time-series for two arbitrary, almost equ ...
Federal Greenhouse Gas Regulations
... ______________ • (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride ) ...
... ______________ • (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride ) ...
Developments - Burges Salmon
... took steps to lower the annual cap and hold back excess allowances from the past years, which has nudged prices above $3.35, and may have fixed the problem through 2020. ...
... took steps to lower the annual cap and hold back excess allowances from the past years, which has nudged prices above $3.35, and may have fixed the problem through 2020. ...
A/R in the CDM – recent issues
... Voluntary: forest management, cropland and grazing land management, revegetation ...
... Voluntary: forest management, cropland and grazing land management, revegetation ...
Solar irradiance reduction to counteract radiative forcing from a
... globally-averaged precipitation rate decreased. A comparison of further quantities among the published studies is difficult because not all of them published the same parameters. Some differences among simulations were however mentioned. Irvine et al. (2010) report that they needed a solar constant ...
... globally-averaged precipitation rate decreased. A comparison of further quantities among the published studies is difficult because not all of them published the same parameters. Some differences among simulations were however mentioned. Irvine et al. (2010) report that they needed a solar constant ...
Trends in the land and ocean carbon uptake
... during the past few decades. The remaining CO2 was taken up by the carbon reservoirs (the ‘CO2 sinks’) in the ocean and on land. The sinks are sensitive to climate and elevated CO2 levels. Their efficiency in removing CO2 emissions from the atmosphere is expected to decrease in the future under incr ...
... during the past few decades. The remaining CO2 was taken up by the carbon reservoirs (the ‘CO2 sinks’) in the ocean and on land. The sinks are sensitive to climate and elevated CO2 levels. Their efficiency in removing CO2 emissions from the atmosphere is expected to decrease in the future under incr ...
Global Climate Change and Children`s Health
... This document is copyrighted and is property of the American Academy of Pediatrics and its Board of Directors. All authors have filed conflict of interest statements with the American Academy of Pediatrics. Any conflicts have been resolved through a process approved by the Board of Directors. The Ameri ...
... This document is copyrighted and is property of the American Academy of Pediatrics and its Board of Directors. All authors have filed conflict of interest statements with the American Academy of Pediatrics. Any conflicts have been resolved through a process approved by the Board of Directors. The Ameri ...
Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change
... agriculture: Planting and harvest dates (and associated climatic events such as day of last frost) have been well recorded, dating back hundreds of years for some crops. But the plethora of records also stems from the strong sociological significance of the change of the seasons, particularly in high ...
... agriculture: Planting and harvest dates (and associated climatic events such as day of last frost) have been well recorded, dating back hundreds of years for some crops. But the plethora of records also stems from the strong sociological significance of the change of the seasons, particularly in high ...
What range of future scenarios should climate change policy be based on? -Modal falsificationism and its limitations
... Because the graph itself does not display the results from all emission scenarios, the range it indicates is slightly smaller than the corresponding range in the TAR (figure 1); but the bars at right, comprising all emission scenarios, span a slightly wider range than in the TAR, namely from 1.1 - 6 ...
... Because the graph itself does not display the results from all emission scenarios, the range it indicates is slightly smaller than the corresponding range in the TAR (figure 1); but the bars at right, comprising all emission scenarios, span a slightly wider range than in the TAR, namely from 1.1 - 6 ...
The South East Queensland drought to 2007
... wetting trend into the future, there will, nonetheless, continue to be droughts of similar severity and length as those experienced recently and at the turn of the ...
... wetting trend into the future, there will, nonetheless, continue to be droughts of similar severity and length as those experienced recently and at the turn of the ...
Chapter 4 – Climate and Climate Change
... Generally, projections for 2030 show little variation between greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, as these changes in climate are mostly affected by greenhouse gases that have already been emitted. Due to this, the projections below for 2030 are shown for the mid-range Special Report on Emissions Sc ...
... Generally, projections for 2030 show little variation between greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, as these changes in climate are mostly affected by greenhouse gases that have already been emitted. Due to this, the projections below for 2030 are shown for the mid-range Special Report on Emissions Sc ...
Confronting Climate Change in the U.S. Midwest: Michigan
... atmosphere and warms our climate; oceans, forests, and land can absorb some of this carbon, but not as fast as we are creating it. As a result, heat-trapping emissions are building up in our atmosphere to levels that could produce severe effects including extreme heat, prolonged droughts, intense st ...
... atmosphere and warms our climate; oceans, forests, and land can absorb some of this carbon, but not as fast as we are creating it. As a result, heat-trapping emissions are building up in our atmosphere to levels that could produce severe effects including extreme heat, prolonged droughts, intense st ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""