Ethics, equity and the economics of climate change. Paper 1: science and philosophy: Working Paper 84a (568 kB) (opens in new window)
... Rising CO2 concentrations cause an increase in global temperatures by trapping more heat within the atmosphere. But this initial warming also triggers many feedbacks in the atmosphere that act to amplify or suppress the initial warming effect. Of substantial importance amongst these feedbacks is wat ...
... Rising CO2 concentrations cause an increase in global temperatures by trapping more heat within the atmosphere. But this initial warming also triggers many feedbacks in the atmosphere that act to amplify or suppress the initial warming effect. Of substantial importance amongst these feedbacks is wat ...
Avoiding Collapse - Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives
... The mainstream “solution” to this double-barrelled conundrum is sufficient economic growth for everyone to become rich.9 Prompted mainly by corporate interests (through lobbying and election campaign financing), politicians of every stripe assert that only an expanding GDP can eliminate poverty and ...
... The mainstream “solution” to this double-barrelled conundrum is sufficient economic growth for everyone to become rich.9 Prompted mainly by corporate interests (through lobbying and election campaign financing), politicians of every stripe assert that only an expanding GDP can eliminate poverty and ...
The global distribution of cultivable lands: current
... Mexico and Central America and Oceania) will experience a small decrease in suitability due to climate change. Main conclusions There is a large reserve of cultivable croplands, mainly in tropical South America and Africa. However, much of this land is under valuable forests or in protected areas. F ...
... Mexico and Central America and Oceania) will experience a small decrease in suitability due to climate change. Main conclusions There is a large reserve of cultivable croplands, mainly in tropical South America and Africa. However, much of this land is under valuable forests or in protected areas. F ...
Meteorology of the stratosphere - University of Reading, Meteorology
... along with bromine compounds, and supersonic jet airliners have been uncertainly identified as being responsible for most of the anthropogenic destruction of stratospheric ozone (O3) depletion issue occurred as a global environmental threat. This work will show some of the stratosphere characteristi ...
... along with bromine compounds, and supersonic jet airliners have been uncertainly identified as being responsible for most of the anthropogenic destruction of stratospheric ozone (O3) depletion issue occurred as a global environmental threat. This work will show some of the stratosphere characteristi ...
PDF
... Detailed information on the model can be found at the ICES web site: http://www.feem-web.it/ices. ...
... Detailed information on the model can be found at the ICES web site: http://www.feem-web.it/ices. ...
Presentation
... Identification of User Needs Using the UNDP Framework) • The Framework provides the following: a) Helps decision makers identify their constraints (e.g. financial, computing, workforce, scientific, etc.) and understand the interplay among them, to better approach climate-scenario development, in pa ...
... Identification of User Needs Using the UNDP Framework) • The Framework provides the following: a) Helps decision makers identify their constraints (e.g. financial, computing, workforce, scientific, etc.) and understand the interplay among them, to better approach climate-scenario development, in pa ...
Economic Globalization, Global energy issues and Climate Change
... quantities depend on the interaction between supply and demand at the world level 2, (ii) climate impacts result from global emissions so that low-carbon trajectories must be set at the world level, and (iii) their implementation involves rethinking trade interactions among regions like China, that ...
... quantities depend on the interaction between supply and demand at the world level 2, (ii) climate impacts result from global emissions so that low-carbon trajectories must be set at the world level, and (iii) their implementation involves rethinking trade interactions among regions like China, that ...
Climate Change Makes Success in U.S. Strategy Harder to Achieve
... planet. They trap heat from the sun in the atmosphere, preventing our planet from being a giant ball of ice. Most greenhouse gases are naturally occurring, but some can be produced by human activity as well. The burning of coal for a power plant generates carbon dioxide (CO2), the extraction of natu ...
... planet. They trap heat from the sun in the atmosphere, preventing our planet from being a giant ball of ice. Most greenhouse gases are naturally occurring, but some can be produced by human activity as well. The burning of coal for a power plant generates carbon dioxide (CO2), the extraction of natu ...
Lecture 9.3 - The Natural Edge Project
... 1. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are higher now than at any time in the last million years. Planetary greenhouse gas (GHG) levels in the atmosphere have already overshot the thresholds of what has been ecologically normal for the last million years. This is shown by the bleaching of coral ...
... 1. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are higher now than at any time in the last million years. Planetary greenhouse gas (GHG) levels in the atmosphere have already overshot the thresholds of what has been ecologically normal for the last million years. This is shown by the bleaching of coral ...
M01P02SusCO2Emiss
... Source: Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ...
... Source: Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ...
GDI 12 – Warming Core – Final
... whether the ice sheets would break up, but how quickly. Some models suggest rapid melting that would bring sea level rises of more than a metre per century. "That would be much harder for us to cope with," he says. The IPCC science report predicted sea level rises of up to 0.59m by the end of the ce ...
... whether the ice sheets would break up, but how quickly. Some models suggest rapid melting that would bring sea level rises of more than a metre per century. "That would be much harder for us to cope with," he says. The IPCC science report predicted sea level rises of up to 0.59m by the end of the ce ...
Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change
... agriculture: Planting and harvest dates (and associated climatic events such as day of last frost) have been well recorded, dating back hundreds of years for some crops. But the plethora of records also stems from the strong sociological significance of the change of the seasons, particularly in high ...
... agriculture: Planting and harvest dates (and associated climatic events such as day of last frost) have been well recorded, dating back hundreds of years for some crops. But the plethora of records also stems from the strong sociological significance of the change of the seasons, particularly in high ...
The Social Cost of Carbon
... next 100 years (or longer) of one additional tonne of carbon emitted to the atmosphere today. It is the marginal global damage costs of carbon emissions. In 2002, the UK Government Economic Service (GES) recommended an illustrative estimate for the SCC of £70/tonne of carbon (tC), within a range of ...
... next 100 years (or longer) of one additional tonne of carbon emitted to the atmosphere today. It is the marginal global damage costs of carbon emissions. In 2002, the UK Government Economic Service (GES) recommended an illustrative estimate for the SCC of £70/tonne of carbon (tC), within a range of ...
VoterReady-CleanAir - League of Women Voters
... Despite these achievements, concerns about global warming pollution led Massachusetts and 11 other states to sue the EPA over its failure to regulate GHG emissions from the transportation sector. They charged that human-influenced global climate change was causing adverse effects, such as sealevel r ...
... Despite these achievements, concerns about global warming pollution led Massachusetts and 11 other states to sue the EPA over its failure to regulate GHG emissions from the transportation sector. They charged that human-influenced global climate change was causing adverse effects, such as sealevel r ...
copyrighted material - Beck-Shop
... have oral or written accounts of human origin or experiences that include a deep reverence associated with the life that springs from the soil. Our cultural traditions acknowledge the significance of soil even if our environmental practices do not. The facts about the current condition of global soi ...
... have oral or written accounts of human origin or experiences that include a deep reverence associated with the life that springs from the soil. Our cultural traditions acknowledge the significance of soil even if our environmental practices do not. The facts about the current condition of global soi ...
The Potential Impact of Climate Change on Soil Properties
... effect. Experiments looking at the decomposition of plant tissues grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 also indicate that increased levels of CO2 are emitted during that decomposition [59], and research by Carney et al. [60] observed soil organic C levels declining under increased atmospheric CO 2 l ...
... effect. Experiments looking at the decomposition of plant tissues grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 also indicate that increased levels of CO2 are emitted during that decomposition [59], and research by Carney et al. [60] observed soil organic C levels declining under increased atmospheric CO 2 l ...
Confronting Climate Change in the US Midwest
... like a blanket that traps heat in our atmosphere and warms our climate; oceans, forests, and land can absorb some of this carbon, but not as fast as we are creating it. As a result, heat-trapping emissions are building up in our atmosphere to levels that could produce severe effects including extrem ...
... like a blanket that traps heat in our atmosphere and warms our climate; oceans, forests, and land can absorb some of this carbon, but not as fast as we are creating it. As a result, heat-trapping emissions are building up in our atmosphere to levels that could produce severe effects including extrem ...
The net climate impact of coal
... (IIASA) which is based on the 1995 EDGAR3.2 inventory, extrapolated to 2000 using national and sector economic development data (Dentener et al., 2005). For the power sector, the IIASA inventory provides the spatial distribution of emissions. The magnitude of emissions specifically originating in co ...
... (IIASA) which is based on the 1995 EDGAR3.2 inventory, extrapolated to 2000 using national and sector economic development data (Dentener et al., 2005). For the power sector, the IIASA inventory provides the spatial distribution of emissions. The magnitude of emissions specifically originating in co ...
Impact of Climate Change on Pavement Performance: Preliminary Lessons Learned through the Infrastructure and Climate Network (ICNet). Climate Effects on Pavement and Geotechnical Infrastructure.
... see www.climatechoices.org/northeast). These changes are expected to accelerate into the future as human emissions of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases continue to rise. For example, an average summer in New England could feel like a summer below the Mason-Dixon line by mid- to late centu ...
... see www.climatechoices.org/northeast). These changes are expected to accelerate into the future as human emissions of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases continue to rise. For example, an average summer in New England could feel like a summer below the Mason-Dixon line by mid- to late centu ...
Landscape Heritage, Biosphere Change, Climate Change
... Biosphere currently functions. It has become usual in Western civilization for people to operate on the basis that these processes are normally fairly stable, constant, orderly and predictable. However, phenomena such as significant rises in Global Mean Temperature will cause life to become increasi ...
... Biosphere currently functions. It has become usual in Western civilization for people to operate on the basis that these processes are normally fairly stable, constant, orderly and predictable. However, phenomena such as significant rises in Global Mean Temperature will cause life to become increasi ...
Projection of Effects of Climate Change on Rice Yield and Keys to
... recorded and was largely attributed to the increase in panicle number, the yield component that was determined in the relatively early growth stages. This enhancement rate of rice yield was smaller than the results from closed chamber experiments, which means that previous predictions of rice yield ...
... recorded and was largely attributed to the increase in panicle number, the yield component that was determined in the relatively early growth stages. This enhancement rate of rice yield was smaller than the results from closed chamber experiments, which means that previous predictions of rice yield ...
PDF
... Abstract There is general consensus in the scientific literature that human-induced climate change has taken place and will continue to do so over the next century. The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concludes with “very high confidence” that anthropo ...
... Abstract There is general consensus in the scientific literature that human-induced climate change has taken place and will continue to do so over the next century. The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concludes with “very high confidence” that anthropo ...
Assessment of the vulnerability of forest ecosystems to climate
... addressing large scale changes, such as the mapping of ecoclirnatic zones of potential vegetation and the potential impact of a doubling of CO, levels. The initial step for these assessments at the national level consists in relating vegetation patterns to current climate conditions, and subsequentl ...
... addressing large scale changes, such as the mapping of ecoclirnatic zones of potential vegetation and the potential impact of a doubling of CO, levels. The initial step for these assessments at the national level consists in relating vegetation patterns to current climate conditions, and subsequentl ...
- Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive
... intra station variation has negligible impact on the final results; even if the mean wind speed was three times faster (10.17 m s−1) the calculated change in kinetic energy would still only be −0.95 J decade−1, which is over two orders of magnitude smaller than either of the thermal components (see ...
... intra station variation has negligible impact on the final results; even if the mean wind speed was three times faster (10.17 m s−1) the calculated change in kinetic energy would still only be −0.95 J decade−1, which is over two orders of magnitude smaller than either of the thermal components (see ...
Climate policy and uncertainty: the roles of adaptation versus
... gases in the atmosphere. Each year, worldwide fossil fuel use adds about six billion metric tons of carbon to the atmosphere, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is now about 30 percent higher than it was at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution. The second fact, however, is that no one fully un ...
... gases in the atmosphere. Each year, worldwide fossil fuel use adds about six billion metric tons of carbon to the atmosphere, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is now about 30 percent higher than it was at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution. The second fact, however, is that no one fully un ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""