What Is and Is Not Known About Climate Change in Illinois
... this increase in aerosol concentration overshadowed the warming due to CO2. Balling (1991), Michaels and Stooksbury (1992), and others indicate a strong belief in the cooling effect of aerosols. Changnon (1985) showed that cloud cover has been increasing in Illinois since 1930, and part of this incr ...
... this increase in aerosol concentration overshadowed the warming due to CO2. Balling (1991), Michaels and Stooksbury (1992), and others indicate a strong belief in the cooling effect of aerosols. Changnon (1985) showed that cloud cover has been increasing in Illinois since 1930, and part of this incr ...
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... 2001 and 2008 has been viewed through three successive frames. The first was „scientific scepticism‟. This was promoted by the US government and some businesses with interests in the carbon economy. The theme of this frame was that science is uncertain about the extent of climate change and so we ha ...
... 2001 and 2008 has been viewed through three successive frames. The first was „scientific scepticism‟. This was promoted by the US government and some businesses with interests in the carbon economy. The theme of this frame was that science is uncertain about the extent of climate change and so we ha ...
Comparing modelled fire dynamics with charcoal records for the
... and JSBACH (Reick et al., 2013; Schneck et al., 2013; Brovkin et al., 2009; Raddatz et al., 2007), which is the land component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM; Giorgetta et al., 2013). While CLIMBER-2 simulates the atmosphere and land processes at roughly 51◦ (longitude) by 1 ...
... and JSBACH (Reick et al., 2013; Schneck et al., 2013; Brovkin et al., 2009; Raddatz et al., 2007), which is the land component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM; Giorgetta et al., 2013). While CLIMBER-2 simulates the atmosphere and land processes at roughly 51◦ (longitude) by 1 ...
Land use/land cover changes and climate: modeling analysis and observational evidence
... in the fluxes of momentum, heat, water vapor, and carbon dioxide as well as other trace gases and both inorganic and biogenic aerosols including dust between vegetation, soils, and the atmosphere.1,6–17 In terms of an effect on the global average radiative imbalance, Forster et al.18 suggest that th ...
... in the fluxes of momentum, heat, water vapor, and carbon dioxide as well as other trace gases and both inorganic and biogenic aerosols including dust between vegetation, soils, and the atmosphere.1,6–17 In terms of an effect on the global average radiative imbalance, Forster et al.18 suggest that th ...
challenges for future sustainable water resources management in
... eventually available for supporting biological life on earth. Although the above statements and facts may already picture a globally precarious water situation in general, there is more reason for concern on the regional or local scale in many parts of the world where natural or human-induced detrim ...
... eventually available for supporting biological life on earth. Although the above statements and facts may already picture a globally precarious water situation in general, there is more reason for concern on the regional or local scale in many parts of the world where natural or human-induced detrim ...
On the tropical origin of uncertainties in the global land precipitation
... over the oceanic regions given the lack of direct measurements of precipitation. Satellite estimates do exist, but the length of the record is still too short to be useful for trend analysis. Global atmospheric reanalyses are also available, but are not sufficiently reliable and homogeneous (changes i ...
... over the oceanic regions given the lack of direct measurements of precipitation. Satellite estimates do exist, but the length of the record is still too short to be useful for trend analysis. Global atmospheric reanalyses are also available, but are not sufficiently reliable and homogeneous (changes i ...
magnitude and frequency
... This Report Card provides an appraisal of the evidence for potential changes in flood magnitude and frequency based on climate model results. The majority of climate model experiments point to increased flood hazard for the UK linked to more extreme precipitation events and greater winter rainfall t ...
... This Report Card provides an appraisal of the evidence for potential changes in flood magnitude and frequency based on climate model results. The majority of climate model experiments point to increased flood hazard for the UK linked to more extreme precipitation events and greater winter rainfall t ...
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... magnitude and direction of each yield shock differs by country-crop pair. For example, yields in East Asia are predicted to increase for both rice and wheat under the low-productivity scenario, while they tend to decrease for most other countries under the same scenario. To make comparisons possible ...
... magnitude and direction of each yield shock differs by country-crop pair. For example, yields in East Asia are predicted to increase for both rice and wheat under the low-productivity scenario, while they tend to decrease for most other countries under the same scenario. To make comparisons possible ...
climate change: health impacts and opportunities
... energy retained within this system including the effect of clouds and small particles in the atmosphere; changes to vegetation or land surface properties (e.g. snow or ice cover) which affect the proportion of solar energy intensity of solar radiation. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important GHG; ...
... energy retained within this system including the effect of clouds and small particles in the atmosphere; changes to vegetation or land surface properties (e.g. snow or ice cover) which affect the proportion of solar energy intensity of solar radiation. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important GHG; ...
McCaffery 2010
... estimates of λ, population size fluctuated considerably among years, with some large increases in population size between years. Therefore, our asymptotic analyses do not capture the range of stochastic fluctuations observed in the field. For example, it may be that population dynamics are partly drive ...
... estimates of λ, population size fluctuated considerably among years, with some large increases in population size between years. Therefore, our asymptotic analyses do not capture the range of stochastic fluctuations observed in the field. For example, it may be that population dynamics are partly drive ...
Chapter 7 CLIMATE CHANGE, SOCIAL POLICY AND GLOBAL
... in the US switched to fuel-efficient cars the savings would alone offset the emissions generated in providing electricity to 1.6 billion people in the South (World Bank 2010: p.3). But the situation is changing rapidly. China now accounts for 29% of global CO2 emissions, almost double that of the U ...
... in the US switched to fuel-efficient cars the savings would alone offset the emissions generated in providing electricity to 1.6 billion people in the South (World Bank 2010: p.3). But the situation is changing rapidly. China now accounts for 29% of global CO2 emissions, almost double that of the U ...
UNEP Topic A: New Perspectives on the Kyoto Protocol FEMUN V III
... The Kyoto Protocol, although vital to climate change fight, has weak spots that need urgent attention. One of this is the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”. This principle seems just and fair, however it is based upon the fact that developing countries are not required to mak ...
... The Kyoto Protocol, although vital to climate change fight, has weak spots that need urgent attention. One of this is the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”. This principle seems just and fair, however it is based upon the fact that developing countries are not required to mak ...
Liu Ruixia - TCFD Overview and Project Progress Report
... Climate change has become a global challenge now. The increasingly prominent environment and climate issues are threatening human survival and impairing the sustainability of economic and social development. Climate change is one of the most complex issues facing business, governments and society a ...
... Climate change has become a global challenge now. The increasingly prominent environment and climate issues are threatening human survival and impairing the sustainability of economic and social development. Climate change is one of the most complex issues facing business, governments and society a ...
The Aversion to Direct Cost Imposition: Selecting Climate Policy
... the enormous incentives political figures have to avoid any form of direct loss imposition that would increase the costs that citizens and industries bear in using familiar forms of energy. This reflects not only an American cultural aversion to taxation but also a more general political resistance to ...
... the enormous incentives political figures have to avoid any form of direct loss imposition that would increase the costs that citizens and industries bear in using familiar forms of energy. This reflects not only an American cultural aversion to taxation but also a more general political resistance to ...
CONFRONTING THE CRISIS OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
... to meeting climate challenges, including greater public-private collaboration. A steady rise in emissions of greenhouse gases globally is heating the atmosphere and the oceans, melting polar and glacial ice, and raising sea levels and ocean acidity to the detriment of sea life and human security ali ...
... to meeting climate challenges, including greater public-private collaboration. A steady rise in emissions of greenhouse gases globally is heating the atmosphere and the oceans, melting polar and glacial ice, and raising sea levels and ocean acidity to the detriment of sea life and human security ali ...
EEA / ETC ACM project on emission scenarios
... Ozone & Aerosols - Chapter A3: Emissions & Projections UNEP BC assessment Shell Energy Scenarios to 2050 Clean Technology Systems - various scenario NIES/AIM, IIASA/MESSAGE, PNNL/MiniCAM, and PBL/IMAGE RCP scenarios Climate and air quality impacts of combined climate change and air pollution policy ...
... Ozone & Aerosols - Chapter A3: Emissions & Projections UNEP BC assessment Shell Energy Scenarios to 2050 Clean Technology Systems - various scenario NIES/AIM, IIASA/MESSAGE, PNNL/MiniCAM, and PBL/IMAGE RCP scenarios Climate and air quality impacts of combined climate change and air pollution policy ...
Climate Change Impacts on China Environment
... climate change. China’s challenges in adapting to climate change are particularly acute as it is a country struggling to prevent even more pollution and natural disasters that stem, in part, from 30 years of unchecked economic growth. According to scientific assessments by the Intergovernmental Pane ...
... climate change. China’s challenges in adapting to climate change are particularly acute as it is a country struggling to prevent even more pollution and natural disasters that stem, in part, from 30 years of unchecked economic growth. According to scientific assessments by the Intergovernmental Pane ...
Possible strategies to address socio-economic adaptation policies
... this end, taking Kenya as an example, projections indicate that the areas currently suitable for tea production will drop significantly by 2050 as climate change would hamper optimal tea growth in some of the tea-growing regions4. Consequently, in order to obtain the maximum growth rate of tea culti ...
... this end, taking Kenya as an example, projections indicate that the areas currently suitable for tea production will drop significantly by 2050 as climate change would hamper optimal tea growth in some of the tea-growing regions4. Consequently, in order to obtain the maximum growth rate of tea culti ...
An evaluation of the level of ambition and implications of the Bush
... 3. How do the efforts under the Bush Initiative compare to those of Annex I countries? The Initiative claims that the 4.5% emission reduction for the US compared to baseline levels is comparable to the average progress of Annex I regions under the Kyoto Protocol. However, considering all Annex I cou ...
... 3. How do the efforts under the Bush Initiative compare to those of Annex I countries? The Initiative claims that the 4.5% emission reduction for the US compared to baseline levels is comparable to the average progress of Annex I regions under the Kyoto Protocol. However, considering all Annex I cou ...
A Climate Change Act – Comments from a Finnish legal
... A binding long-term emission reduction target means that a national jurisdiction moves beyond the international or regional framework of legally binding measures to be taken to mitigate and/or adapt to climate change. Such a legislative instrument will need to be carefully designed to fit into the ...
... A binding long-term emission reduction target means that a national jurisdiction moves beyond the international or regional framework of legally binding measures to be taken to mitigate and/or adapt to climate change. Such a legislative instrument will need to be carefully designed to fit into the ...
Understanding future patterns of increased precipitation intensity in
... Asia, the east coast of Asia, southeastern Australia, and south-central South America. That is, there is low level moisture convergence that produces increases in mean as well as extreme precipitation in these regions. Such changes in low level moisture convergence for the 20 year averaging interval ...
... Asia, the east coast of Asia, southeastern Australia, and south-central South America. That is, there is low level moisture convergence that produces increases in mean as well as extreme precipitation in these regions. Such changes in low level moisture convergence for the 20 year averaging interval ...
- 1 - Transitioning to a low carbon transport system in developing
... total final energy demand in India, and is projected to increase at a rate of 6.1 % over the outlook period (2005-2030), to reach 20% in 2030, under the business as usual scenario (IEA, 2007). The sector is an important driver for determining future energy needs, especially dominating the growing de ...
... total final energy demand in India, and is projected to increase at a rate of 6.1 % over the outlook period (2005-2030), to reach 20% in 2030, under the business as usual scenario (IEA, 2007). The sector is an important driver for determining future energy needs, especially dominating the growing de ...
Decadal variations
... The average energy input from the sun is C(1-A)/4 = 240 W/m2 Changing A by 0.01 changes this by 3.4 W/m2 This is climatologically significant All anthropogenic greenhouse gases over last 150 years result in 2.4 W/m2 Doubling CO2 results in about twice this amount I will shown changes of about 6- ...
... The average energy input from the sun is C(1-A)/4 = 240 W/m2 Changing A by 0.01 changes this by 3.4 W/m2 This is climatologically significant All anthropogenic greenhouse gases over last 150 years result in 2.4 W/m2 Doubling CO2 results in about twice this amount I will shown changes of about 6- ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""