Climate change and integrated analysis of mountain
... glaciers, landslides, debris flows, fluvial river). However, these definitions are misleading because delimiting a «store» from a «transfer» is timescale dependent. For instance, over very short timescales (hours to days), a rock glacier is effectively a sediment store because its rate of sediment t ...
... glaciers, landslides, debris flows, fluvial river). However, these definitions are misleading because delimiting a «store» from a «transfer» is timescale dependent. For instance, over very short timescales (hours to days), a rock glacier is effectively a sediment store because its rate of sediment t ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CARBON GEOGRAPHY:
... Faced with ongoing world population growth and per-capita income growth, the world’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could double over the next 50 years.1 Scientists are calling for a sharp reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. “Very roughly, stabilization at 500 ppm requires that emissions be held ...
... Faced with ongoing world population growth and per-capita income growth, the world’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could double over the next 50 years.1 Scientists are calling for a sharp reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. “Very roughly, stabilization at 500 ppm requires that emissions be held ...
China’s Carbon Tax Gestation: Function, Theoretical Basis and Framework
... Among them, the lower heating value (net calorific value) is the heat what is left during complete combustion of fuel, apart from the heat that is released from water vapor in flue gas to water. Carbon content is the carbon emission for unit heating value of fossil fuel; Oxidation factor is the rati ...
... Among them, the lower heating value (net calorific value) is the heat what is left during complete combustion of fuel, apart from the heat that is released from water vapor in flue gas to water. Carbon content is the carbon emission for unit heating value of fossil fuel; Oxidation factor is the rati ...
Development, trade and carbon reduction
... Deforestation and degradation (DD) constitute 12 to 17% of global greenhouse gas emissions, with most arising from the exploitation of tropical forest resources in developing countries (van der Werf et al., 2009; IPCC, 2007). This has led to increasing interest in developing mechanisms to ‘reduce em ...
... Deforestation and degradation (DD) constitute 12 to 17% of global greenhouse gas emissions, with most arising from the exploitation of tropical forest resources in developing countries (van der Werf et al., 2009; IPCC, 2007). This has led to increasing interest in developing mechanisms to ‘reduce em ...
Carbon to Climate Change
... The surface ground layer that thaws during summer and refreezes completely in winter is referred to as the active layer. Active-layer thickness ranges from a few tens of centimeters to more than 2 m in the zone of continuous permafrost, whereas in the zone of discontinuous permafrost, the active lay ...
... The surface ground layer that thaws during summer and refreezes completely in winter is referred to as the active layer. Active-layer thickness ranges from a few tens of centimeters to more than 2 m in the zone of continuous permafrost, whereas in the zone of discontinuous permafrost, the active lay ...
- UNDP-ALM
... components, including the dynamics and composition of the atmosphere, the ocean, the ice and snow cover, the land surface and its features, the many mutual interactions between them, and the large variety of physical, chemical and biological processes taking place in and among these components. ...
... components, including the dynamics and composition of the atmosphere, the ocean, the ice and snow cover, the land surface and its features, the many mutual interactions between them, and the large variety of physical, chemical and biological processes taking place in and among these components. ...
Provide an initial estimate of the uncertainty in UK predicted climate
... emphasised here), in that as finer scales are considered, additional phenomena and processes must be modelled, thus increasing the scope for disagreement amongst models. This source of uncertainty is therefore also relevant within a ‘consistent’ modelling framework, such as an RCM/GCM combination wi ...
... emphasised here), in that as finer scales are considered, additional phenomena and processes must be modelled, thus increasing the scope for disagreement amongst models. This source of uncertainty is therefore also relevant within a ‘consistent’ modelling framework, such as an RCM/GCM combination wi ...
Biogeosciences
... of atmospheric CO2 . The simulated atmospheric CO2 concentration in year 2000, therefore, is 20 ppmv too low compared to observations (∼367 ppmv), lagging about 12 years behind reality. While the model CO2 concentrations cannot be directly matched to calendar years, the overall CO2 temporal trends f ...
... of atmospheric CO2 . The simulated atmospheric CO2 concentration in year 2000, therefore, is 20 ppmv too low compared to observations (∼367 ppmv), lagging about 12 years behind reality. While the model CO2 concentrations cannot be directly matched to calendar years, the overall CO2 temporal trends f ...
Impact of climate change on food production
... • Crops are likely to reach their biological limits in current producing regions, especially with temperature increases of 4ºC above current levels. For tropical climate systems, extreme heat limits the length of the growing season. • Rice losses are likely to be associated with an increase in tem ...
... • Crops are likely to reach their biological limits in current producing regions, especially with temperature increases of 4ºC above current levels. For tropical climate systems, extreme heat limits the length of the growing season. • Rice losses are likely to be associated with an increase in tem ...
modern climate change in slovenia
... of Slovenia are becoming ever more similar to those in submediterranean Slovenia, where the warming trends are less pronounced. There have been no major changes in the quantity of precipitation, but the greater intensity of downpours and a lower number of days with fog and of days with snow blanket ...
... of Slovenia are becoming ever more similar to those in submediterranean Slovenia, where the warming trends are less pronounced. There have been no major changes in the quantity of precipitation, but the greater intensity of downpours and a lower number of days with fog and of days with snow blanket ...
LEIF CHRISTIAN STIGE, Dr. scient.
... GreenMar (Nordic Council; 27 mill. NOK). Co-author and WP leader. An Impact Analysis Modeling System for the Petroleum Industry - SYMBIOSES (Norw. Res. Council; JIP; 29 mill. NOK). Investigator. Nordic Centre of Excellence: Climate Change Effects on Marine Ecosystems and Resource Economics (Nordic C ...
... GreenMar (Nordic Council; 27 mill. NOK). Co-author and WP leader. An Impact Analysis Modeling System for the Petroleum Industry - SYMBIOSES (Norw. Res. Council; JIP; 29 mill. NOK). Investigator. Nordic Centre of Excellence: Climate Change Effects on Marine Ecosystems and Resource Economics (Nordic C ...
Historical responsibility for climate change: science and the science-policy interface
... Some gases’ ability to absorb infrared radiation also occurs in overlapping frequency bands, meaning that these gases saturate each other’s capacity to recirculate heat.19 Most estimates of contribution to climate change try to represent this nonlinearity in the models used (see den Elzen and Schaef ...
... Some gases’ ability to absorb infrared radiation also occurs in overlapping frequency bands, meaning that these gases saturate each other’s capacity to recirculate heat.19 Most estimates of contribution to climate change try to represent this nonlinearity in the models used (see den Elzen and Schaef ...
How to Integrate Climate and Conflict Risks in Development
... climate change is considered a factor that could increase the potential for conflicts. Despite this, neither country requires climate change and climate variability to be specifically addressed in conflict analysis, early warning systems or country strategies. In some cases, staff members reported h ...
... climate change is considered a factor that could increase the potential for conflicts. Despite this, neither country requires climate change and climate variability to be specifically addressed in conflict analysis, early warning systems or country strategies. In some cases, staff members reported h ...
Biodiversity and climate change
... To raise awareness, particularly among decision makers in relevant sectors and at different levels of government, about ecosystem-based approaches to climate change adaptation, mitigation and disaster risk reduction; (f) To recognize the role of protected areas and other effective area-based conserv ...
... To raise awareness, particularly among decision makers in relevant sectors and at different levels of government, about ecosystem-based approaches to climate change adaptation, mitigation and disaster risk reduction; (f) To recognize the role of protected areas and other effective area-based conserv ...
Petition to the World Heritage Committee
... This petition calls on the World Heritage Committee to take action to protect the outstanding universal values of World Heritage Sites most vulnerable to global warming – high latitude and altitude glaciers and low-elevation sites threatened by sea level rise – by advancing strategies to reduce emis ...
... This petition calls on the World Heritage Committee to take action to protect the outstanding universal values of World Heritage Sites most vulnerable to global warming – high latitude and altitude glaciers and low-elevation sites threatened by sea level rise – by advancing strategies to reduce emis ...
Climate Change Effects On Wind Speed
... On an annual basis, climate change is predicted to cause stronger surface wind speed values across the boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including much of Canada, Siberia and northern Europe, and in tropical and subtropical regions in Africa, and Central and South America. However, Greenlan ...
... On an annual basis, climate change is predicted to cause stronger surface wind speed values across the boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including much of Canada, Siberia and northern Europe, and in tropical and subtropical regions in Africa, and Central and South America. However, Greenlan ...
U.S. Global Change Research Program · 1717 Pennsylvania... Washington, D.C. 20006 USA · 1-202-223-6262 (voice) ·...
... The Earth’s climate is changing. The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of this issue, stating with “very high confidence” that human activities such as fossil fuel burning and de ...
... The Earth’s climate is changing. The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of this issue, stating with “very high confidence” that human activities such as fossil fuel burning and de ...
PDF
... respectively in figure 1, show the zero-profit equilibrium for the sector conditional on the prevailing climate conditions. These curves are independent of the price of emissions because agriculture has been assumed to be a non-emitting sector. When both countries are diversified in the sense that e ...
... respectively in figure 1, show the zero-profit equilibrium for the sector conditional on the prevailing climate conditions. These curves are independent of the price of emissions because agriculture has been assumed to be a non-emitting sector. When both countries are diversified in the sense that e ...
Fungi the unknown Organisms – an
... because CO2 levels in soils are already high due to biotic respiration[15,16]. Elevated CO2 may have an impact on carbon allocation via the fungi-plant symbiosis. It is estimated that mycorrhizal fungi receive up to 30% of the total carbon fixed by plants and therefore serve as a sink [17]. This sin ...
... because CO2 levels in soils are already high due to biotic respiration[15,16]. Elevated CO2 may have an impact on carbon allocation via the fungi-plant symbiosis. It is estimated that mycorrhizal fungi receive up to 30% of the total carbon fixed by plants and therefore serve as a sink [17]. This sin ...
Towards the Strengthening of European Coordination between
... There are currently no strategic agreements in place for facilitating European level coordination of Polar research observatories and stationsbringing together all regional scientific and logistical hubs in the Arctic Region. Taking into account the limited capacity for networking at the present tim ...
... There are currently no strategic agreements in place for facilitating European level coordination of Polar research observatories and stationsbringing together all regional scientific and logistical hubs in the Arctic Region. Taking into account the limited capacity for networking at the present tim ...
Did the Stern Review underestimate climate damages
... be found in Hope (2006). Most of the model’s coefficients and data ranges are calibrated to match the projections of the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2001). Projections of GDP, population and emissions of greenhouse gases are taken from the 2001 vers ...
... be found in Hope (2006). Most of the model’s coefficients and data ranges are calibrated to match the projections of the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2001). Projections of GDP, population and emissions of greenhouse gases are taken from the 2001 vers ...
Movements and Moments for Climate Justice
... a new form of political engagement was perhaps emerging, a movement that not only understood climate change as other than an environmental issue, but that is asking questions about the possibility of working with non-movement actors in the struggle for a different world. From Copenhagen we travel to ...
... a new form of political engagement was perhaps emerging, a movement that not only understood climate change as other than an environmental issue, but that is asking questions about the possibility of working with non-movement actors in the struggle for a different world. From Copenhagen we travel to ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""