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... Approach to Climate Change Kenya ratified the Kyoto protocol in 2005, and supports the UNFCCC process as a Non-Annex 1 country. It submitted its first national communication in 2002. Given that its natural resource-dependent economy is highly vulnerable to rising temperatures, changing rainfall patt ...
... Approach to Climate Change Kenya ratified the Kyoto protocol in 2005, and supports the UNFCCC process as a Non-Annex 1 country. It submitted its first national communication in 2002. Given that its natural resource-dependent economy is highly vulnerable to rising temperatures, changing rainfall patt ...
Confidence, uncertainty and decision-support relevance in climate predictions
... a transient state which may stabilize towards some other attractor when the forcing stabilizes at some other constant concentration.1 Climate under climate change is still the distribution of possible weather but it cannot be evaluated in the real world (without access to many universes). It is well ...
... a transient state which may stabilize towards some other attractor when the forcing stabilizes at some other constant concentration.1 Climate under climate change is still the distribution of possible weather but it cannot be evaluated in the real world (without access to many universes). It is well ...
Species-specific responses of an alpine plant community
... The OTCs increased summer air temperature ca. 5 cm above the ground by ca. 1.5°C, and soil temperature ca. 5 cm below ground by ca. 1°C (Klanderud & Totland 2005a), which is a conservative increase compared to the predicted warming of ca. 3 °C within 2100 in this area (Anon. 2007). To increase soil ...
... The OTCs increased summer air temperature ca. 5 cm above the ground by ca. 1.5°C, and soil temperature ca. 5 cm below ground by ca. 1°C (Klanderud & Totland 2005a), which is a conservative increase compared to the predicted warming of ca. 3 °C within 2100 in this area (Anon. 2007). To increase soil ...
eastern US - American Meteorological Society
... significant in the western United States, many areas within the west experienced no change or even slight cooling. Furthermore, climate trends during the twentieth century varied greatly depending upon the portion of the century considered. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in climate change has ma ...
... significant in the western United States, many areas within the west experienced no change or even slight cooling. Furthermore, climate trends during the twentieth century varied greatly depending upon the portion of the century considered. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in climate change has ma ...
Queries for ecol-90-04-15 1. AU: Should Dieckmann be changed to
... approaches: static dynamics and time-series approaches. Static approaches focus on global climate change and use expressions for R0 (basic reproductive number), or ‘‘entomological potential’’ to examine how potential changes in climate will modify the potential range of specific human pathogens. Most ...
... approaches: static dynamics and time-series approaches. Static approaches focus on global climate change and use expressions for R0 (basic reproductive number), or ‘‘entomological potential’’ to examine how potential changes in climate will modify the potential range of specific human pathogens. Most ...
2015 End-user workshop report (1.4 MB, pdf)
... The WaterRain-Him project aims to assess the impact of climate change, land use and population dynamics on water fluxes in the Indian-Himalayan basins. Based on modelling exercises and in-depth end-user dialogs, robust and holistic adaptation strategies are being developed to drive planning for eff ...
... The WaterRain-Him project aims to assess the impact of climate change, land use and population dynamics on water fluxes in the Indian-Himalayan basins. Based on modelling exercises and in-depth end-user dialogs, robust and holistic adaptation strategies are being developed to drive planning for eff ...
Carbon Geography: The Political Economy of Congressional
... Faced with ongoing world population growth and per-capita income growth, the world’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could double over the next 50 years.1 Scientists are calling for a sharp reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. “Very roughly, stabilization at 500 ppm requires that emissions be held ...
... Faced with ongoing world population growth and per-capita income growth, the world’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could double over the next 50 years.1 Scientists are calling for a sharp reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. “Very roughly, stabilization at 500 ppm requires that emissions be held ...
Contribution of oceanic and vegetation feedbacks to Holocene
... changes between 6 k and 0k for each season and as annual mean. For mid-Holocene spring, the model simulates lower near-surface air temperatures over the whole region (60–140◦ E, 10–55◦ N) compared to present-day. Strongest cooling occurs in the northern part of India (up to −2.8 K) and on the Tibeta ...
... changes between 6 k and 0k for each season and as annual mean. For mid-Holocene spring, the model simulates lower near-surface air temperatures over the whole region (60–140◦ E, 10–55◦ N) compared to present-day. Strongest cooling occurs in the northern part of India (up to −2.8 K) and on the Tibeta ...
Late Cenozoic uplift of mountain ranges and global climate change
... streams to transport large cobbles. As Frostick and Reid 37 pointed out, infrequent but large storms can produce the abrupt coarsening of fanglomerate stratigraphy that is commonly attributed to tectonic processes. Accelerated denudation is also revealed by sediment accumulation far from mountain ra ...
... streams to transport large cobbles. As Frostick and Reid 37 pointed out, infrequent but large storms can produce the abrupt coarsening of fanglomerate stratigraphy that is commonly attributed to tectonic processes. Accelerated denudation is also revealed by sediment accumulation far from mountain ra ...
Movements and Moments for Climate Justice
... a new form of political engagement was perhaps emerging, a movement that not only understood climate change as other than an environmental issue, but that is asking questions about the possibility of working with non-movement actors in the struggle for a different world. From Copenhagen we travel to ...
... a new form of political engagement was perhaps emerging, a movement that not only understood climate change as other than an environmental issue, but that is asking questions about the possibility of working with non-movement actors in the struggle for a different world. From Copenhagen we travel to ...
Washington`s New World Order Weapons Have
... While there is no concrete evidence of HAARP having been used, scientific findings suggest that it is at present fully operational. What this means is that HAARP could potentially be applied by the US military to selectively modify the climate of an "unfriendly nation" or "rogue state" with a view t ...
... While there is no concrete evidence of HAARP having been used, scientific findings suggest that it is at present fully operational. What this means is that HAARP could potentially be applied by the US military to selectively modify the climate of an "unfriendly nation" or "rogue state" with a view t ...
Forest ecosystem climate change impact assessment and
... and climatic importance of these forests is considerable. They supply coniferous timber, fuel wood, minor forest produce, hydroelectric power, drinking and irrigation water, minerals, soil nutrients, and places for tourism and recreation. The mountain regions are important centers of biodiversity. T ...
... and climatic importance of these forests is considerable. They supply coniferous timber, fuel wood, minor forest produce, hydroelectric power, drinking and irrigation water, minerals, soil nutrients, and places for tourism and recreation. The mountain regions are important centers of biodiversity. T ...
Joint MDB Report on Adaptation Finance 2011
... (e.g. PPCR, Adaptation Fund, LDCF, etc.). To prevent double counting (where external resources may be covered in bilateral reporting), all external resources are clearly separated from MDBs own resou ...
... (e.g. PPCR, Adaptation Fund, LDCF, etc.). To prevent double counting (where external resources may be covered in bilateral reporting), all external resources are clearly separated from MDBs own resou ...
Interactive effects of multiple climate change variables on trophic
... relationships, largely because interaction type and magnitude were both highly context dependent across the pairings. Most notably, males and females frequently responded differently to interacting climate change variables, and the response strength frequently varied with the underlying nutrient loa ...
... relationships, largely because interaction type and magnitude were both highly context dependent across the pairings. Most notably, males and females frequently responded differently to interacting climate change variables, and the response strength frequently varied with the underlying nutrient loa ...
Enhanced weathering strategies for stabilizing climate and averting
... Chemical breakdown of rocks, weathering, is an important but very slow part of the carbon cycle that ultimately leads to CO2 being locked up in carbonates on the ocean floor. Artificial acceleration of this carbon sink via distribution of pulverized silicate rocks across terrestrial landscapes may h ...
... Chemical breakdown of rocks, weathering, is an important but very slow part of the carbon cycle that ultimately leads to CO2 being locked up in carbonates on the ocean floor. Artificial acceleration of this carbon sink via distribution of pulverized silicate rocks across terrestrial landscapes may h ...
md462E
... Climate change and climate variability have put the countries in the Near East region (RNE), where scarce natural resources are already under considerable pressure at significant risk. RNE, one of the driest regions in the world, is vulnerable to extreme climatic events such as droughts, floods, sea ...
... Climate change and climate variability have put the countries in the Near East region (RNE), where scarce natural resources are already under considerable pressure at significant risk. RNE, one of the driest regions in the world, is vulnerable to extreme climatic events such as droughts, floods, sea ...
i1880e13
... Grasslands occupy approximately half of the ice-free land area of the world, make up about 70 percent of the world’s agricultural area, and are an important agricultural resource, particularly in areas where people are among the most food insecure. Despite their significant potential for carbon (C) ...
... Grasslands occupy approximately half of the ice-free land area of the world, make up about 70 percent of the world’s agricultural area, and are an important agricultural resource, particularly in areas where people are among the most food insecure. Despite their significant potential for carbon (C) ...
The response of polar sea ice to climate variability and change
... incoming shortwave radiation at wavelengths from 0.4 to 0.7 µm, which ranges between <0.5 for melting bare ice and >0.85 snow-covered, cold ice. In contrast, the ice-free ocean has an albedo of below 0.1. As a result, reductions in ice extent due to, e.g., perturbations in atmospheric heat transfer ...
... incoming shortwave radiation at wavelengths from 0.4 to 0.7 µm, which ranges between <0.5 for melting bare ice and >0.85 snow-covered, cold ice. In contrast, the ice-free ocean has an albedo of below 0.1. As a result, reductions in ice extent due to, e.g., perturbations in atmospheric heat transfer ...
The Holocene
... of individual samples during the early Holocene. The sedimentation rate might have changed between the two neighboring 14C ages, which would cause the small age offsets. However, the timing of the negative δDBA shift between 8.45 and 8.3 kyr BP is consistent with climatic and ecological records from ...
... of individual samples during the early Holocene. The sedimentation rate might have changed between the two neighboring 14C ages, which would cause the small age offsets. However, the timing of the negative δDBA shift between 8.45 and 8.3 kyr BP is consistent with climatic and ecological records from ...
Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Water Resources Variability
... spatial resolution GCM outputs to a finer spatial resolution, termed dynamical and statistical downscaling. In dynamical downscaling, a higher resolution climate model or regional climate model is forced using a GCM. The statistical approach establishes empirical relationships between GCM-resolution ...
... spatial resolution GCM outputs to a finer spatial resolution, termed dynamical and statistical downscaling. In dynamical downscaling, a higher resolution climate model or regional climate model is forced using a GCM. The statistical approach establishes empirical relationships between GCM-resolution ...
Relative impacts of human- induced climate change and natural
... climate anomalies from the 1961±90 period of the respective model simulations, which are then added to the observed 1961±90 climate. Inter-annual and inter-daily climate variability is assumed to be unchanged in all cases, our concern in this study being to examine the relative impacts of multi-deca ...
... climate anomalies from the 1961±90 period of the respective model simulations, which are then added to the observed 1961±90 climate. Inter-annual and inter-daily climate variability is assumed to be unchanged in all cases, our concern in this study being to examine the relative impacts of multi-deca ...
Anticipated Effects of Climate Change on Coastal
... drivers of upwelling winds and appear to be largely responsible for their variability [10]. In addition to these dynamical changes in the Hadley Cells, local thermodynamic arguments suggest that regional upwelling winds in the EBUS may increase due to increased land-sea temperature contrast as sugge ...
... drivers of upwelling winds and appear to be largely responsible for their variability [10]. In addition to these dynamical changes in the Hadley Cells, local thermodynamic arguments suggest that regional upwelling winds in the EBUS may increase due to increased land-sea temperature contrast as sugge ...
View/Open
... adaptations, market responses, technological developments and institutional changes have a large potential in reducing negative impacts of global warming and climate change. Farmers in Kenya are aware of short-term climate changes; most of them have noticed an increase in temperatures with some taki ...
... adaptations, market responses, technological developments and institutional changes have a large potential in reducing negative impacts of global warming and climate change. Farmers in Kenya are aware of short-term climate changes; most of them have noticed an increase in temperatures with some taki ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""