23-9-E
... during this period, when ODSs decreased only slightly, is consistent with our understanding of the atmosphere. If the Montreal Protocol had not been successful and ODS emissions had continued to increase, there would have been very large ozone depletion and consequent substantial increases of ultrav ...
... during this period, when ODSs decreased only slightly, is consistent with our understanding of the atmosphere. If the Montreal Protocol had not been successful and ODS emissions had continued to increase, there would have been very large ozone depletion and consequent substantial increases of ultrav ...
Climate regulates alpine lake ice cover phenology and aquatic
... To determine whether ice-off dates have shifted earlier in all seven lakes, we used a linear mixed effects model (LME) with fixed effects of lake elevation and of year, a random intercept term for lake identity, and ice-off date (days from 1 April) as the response variable. To account for possible te ...
... To determine whether ice-off dates have shifted earlier in all seven lakes, we used a linear mixed effects model (LME) with fixed effects of lake elevation and of year, a random intercept term for lake identity, and ice-off date (days from 1 April) as the response variable. To account for possible te ...
International Journal of Web Information Systems
... (Whitmarsh, 2009). In this pursuit, numerous efforts around the globe have strived to capture the awareness using different methods and approaches; Lorenzoni et al. (2007) studied how the general public in the UK perceive climate change challenges the barriers to engaging with it. The authors based ...
... (Whitmarsh, 2009). In this pursuit, numerous efforts around the globe have strived to capture the awareness using different methods and approaches; Lorenzoni et al. (2007) studied how the general public in the UK perceive climate change challenges the barriers to engaging with it. The authors based ...
Cloud Feedbacks Found to Amplify Global Warming
... in positive local feedback parameters in these regions in the range of 4–7 W m22 K21. Domain-averaged (308S–308N, 1508–608W) feedback parameters from iRAM range between 11.8 and 11.9 W m22 K21. At most locations both the LTS and cloud amount are altered in the global warming cases, but the changes i ...
... in positive local feedback parameters in these regions in the range of 4–7 W m22 K21. Domain-averaged (308S–308N, 1508–608W) feedback parameters from iRAM range between 11.8 and 11.9 W m22 K21. At most locations both the LTS and cloud amount are altered in the global warming cases, but the changes i ...
the impacts of global climate change on grassland ecosystems
... of CO2 on grass growth in temperate regions will be different during the changing seasons. Experiments carried out in solardomes, which allow studies on the effects of both changes in CO 2 and temperature on vegetation (Jones et al., 1993), show that exposure to an increase in temperature of 3°C abo ...
... of CO2 on grass growth in temperate regions will be different during the changing seasons. Experiments carried out in solardomes, which allow studies on the effects of both changes in CO 2 and temperature on vegetation (Jones et al., 1993), show that exposure to an increase in temperature of 3°C abo ...
Link to full document - Joint Program on the Science and Policy of
... despite these improvements, power production suffered due to increased drought and heat waves. The Millstone nuclear power plant, for example, was forced to shut down due to water in Long Island Sound being too warm to cool the plant. In Illinois that year, cooling ponds were exceeding 37°C and the ...
... despite these improvements, power production suffered due to increased drought and heat waves. The Millstone nuclear power plant, for example, was forced to shut down due to water in Long Island Sound being too warm to cool the plant. In Illinois that year, cooling ponds were exceeding 37°C and the ...
Climate Change Adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa:
... Figures from International Energy Agency Report, 2009. “CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion,” which conducts national energy emissions inventories according to IPCC guidelines. ...
... Figures from International Energy Agency Report, 2009. “CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion,” which conducts national energy emissions inventories according to IPCC guidelines. ...
Climate Change Adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa:
... Figures from International Energy Agency Report, 2009. “CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion,” which conducts national energy emissions inventories according to IPCC guidelines. ...
... Figures from International Energy Agency Report, 2009. “CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion,” which conducts national energy emissions inventories according to IPCC guidelines. ...
CLIMATE CHANGE 6 CARBON DIOXIDE CO2 and WATER H2 O
... water vapour H2O covers the same band and more [see Graph below], CO2 is ONLY a GAS in the atmosphere unlike water which can also change phase (evaporates and condenses) to give a big ADDITIVE effect to the atmosphere For every 1,000,000 molecules of atmosphere, only 10,000 are greenhouse gas molecu ...
... water vapour H2O covers the same band and more [see Graph below], CO2 is ONLY a GAS in the atmosphere unlike water which can also change phase (evaporates and condenses) to give a big ADDITIVE effect to the atmosphere For every 1,000,000 molecules of atmosphere, only 10,000 are greenhouse gas molecu ...
Article - Cerfacs
... physical parameters. Over NA, the DTR significantly decreases due to the large increase of Tmin. The downward longwave radiation at the surface is enhanced (related to the GHG increase) and causes Tmin to increase. During daytime, the strong increase of LWd is counterbalanced by the strong decrease ...
... physical parameters. Over NA, the DTR significantly decreases due to the large increase of Tmin. The downward longwave radiation at the surface is enhanced (related to the GHG increase) and causes Tmin to increase. During daytime, the strong increase of LWd is counterbalanced by the strong decrease ...
Pacific Ecosystem-based Adaptation to Climate Change
... cake is that mangrove ecosystems also play an important role in carbon sequestration. For instance, while projections indicate up to three times more extreme rainfall events by 2090 in the Pacific as well as more severe tropical cyclones – depending on our future greenhouse gas emissions, healthy ma ...
... cake is that mangrove ecosystems also play an important role in carbon sequestration. For instance, while projections indicate up to three times more extreme rainfall events by 2090 in the Pacific as well as more severe tropical cyclones – depending on our future greenhouse gas emissions, healthy ma ...
UK`s role in Arctic sustainability pdf
... 18. The distribution of flora and fauna is shifting northwards as the Arctic continues to warm. Shrubs are growing taller and spreading, boreal12 species and ecosystems are already moving into the south of the Arctic region, and the treeline is expected to move north. Tundra species are expected to ...
... 18. The distribution of flora and fauna is shifting northwards as the Arctic continues to warm. Shrubs are growing taller and spreading, boreal12 species and ecosystems are already moving into the south of the Arctic region, and the treeline is expected to move north. Tundra species are expected to ...
Running to stand still: adaptation and the response of
... B. juncea to respond to the intense selection pressure of the simulated changes in climate was believed to result from the high levels of inbreeding that this caused. Further reports of a failure to respond to simulated climate change come from Drosophila birchii (Hoffmann et al. 2003) collected fro ...
... B. juncea to respond to the intense selection pressure of the simulated changes in climate was believed to result from the high levels of inbreeding that this caused. Further reports of a failure to respond to simulated climate change come from Drosophila birchii (Hoffmann et al. 2003) collected fro ...
Changes in alpine plant growth under future climate conditions
... The global temperature is increasing and in Earth’s alpine regions signs of climate change can already be observed visually by the impressive melting of the alpine glaciers (e.g. Oerlemans, 2005) or upward migration of plant species (Grabherr et al., 1994). Data indicate that especially in high alti ...
... The global temperature is increasing and in Earth’s alpine regions signs of climate change can already be observed visually by the impressive melting of the alpine glaciers (e.g. Oerlemans, 2005) or upward migration of plant species (Grabherr et al., 1994). Data indicate that especially in high alti ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES William D. Nordhaus
... consequences for our planet are literally disastrous…. [W]ithout radical international measures to reduce carbon emissions within the next 10 to 15 years, there is compelling evidence to suggest we might lose the chance to control temperature rises.”4 ...
... consequences for our planet are literally disastrous…. [W]ithout radical international measures to reduce carbon emissions within the next 10 to 15 years, there is compelling evidence to suggest we might lose the chance to control temperature rises.”4 ...
New International Rights Standard for Climate Displaced People
... in many–primarily Asia-Pacific -countries such as Bangladesh, the Maldives, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and elsewhere, and expected to affect many tens of millions of people in coming decades. Most estimates indicate at least 200 million people face the possibility of displacement due to chang ...
... in many–primarily Asia-Pacific -countries such as Bangladesh, the Maldives, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and elsewhere, and expected to affect many tens of millions of people in coming decades. Most estimates indicate at least 200 million people face the possibility of displacement due to chang ...
Ecological Impacts of Climate Change
... Impacts in Alaska and the Arctic Feedback Loops: Arctic Warming Faster • The Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet – As sea ice and seasonal snow cover melts, previously reflective white surfaces converted to darker surfaces (to ocean water or vegetation) – Thawing permafrost rel ...
... Impacts in Alaska and the Arctic Feedback Loops: Arctic Warming Faster • The Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet – As sea ice and seasonal snow cover melts, previously reflective white surfaces converted to darker surfaces (to ocean water or vegetation) – Thawing permafrost rel ...
Likely Impacts on New Zealand Agriculture
... Global climate models indicate that New Zealand is likely to warm by only about two-thirds of the global mean temperature change that will be experienced in coming decades. This is largely because our climate is controlled by the South Pacific and Antarctic Oceans, which respond only slowly to globa ...
... Global climate models indicate that New Zealand is likely to warm by only about two-thirds of the global mean temperature change that will be experienced in coming decades. This is largely because our climate is controlled by the South Pacific and Antarctic Oceans, which respond only slowly to globa ...
Official PDF , 6 pages
... The Nile Basin is characterized by high climatic diversity and varied distribution of its water resources: the Basin includes moist tropical forests and arid areas. There are periods of intense rainfall and high levels of evaporation through aridity, and only 4% of the total rainfall reaches the low ...
... The Nile Basin is characterized by high climatic diversity and varied distribution of its water resources: the Basin includes moist tropical forests and arid areas. There are periods of intense rainfall and high levels of evaporation through aridity, and only 4% of the total rainfall reaches the low ...
Conscious uncoupling? Low Carbon Economy Index 2015 October 2015 1.3%
... bucks the trend. For the first year in the seven since the Index began, we have what looks like the uncoupling of growth and emissions; GDP grew by 3.3% in 2014, with energy emissions up by only 0.5%. And the stage is set for national commitments in Paris in December 2015 to drive the rate of decarb ...
... bucks the trend. For the first year in the seven since the Index began, we have what looks like the uncoupling of growth and emissions; GDP grew by 3.3% in 2014, with energy emissions up by only 0.5%. And the stage is set for national commitments in Paris in December 2015 to drive the rate of decarb ...
argentina - World Bank Group
... temperatures and their impacts on the yield of wheat, corn, soybeans and sunflower. The National Weather Service16 (SMN, Spanish acronym), under the oversight of the Ministry of Defense, is responsible for generating, interpreting and distributing weather information through its various networks, am ...
... temperatures and their impacts on the yield of wheat, corn, soybeans and sunflower. The National Weather Service16 (SMN, Spanish acronym), under the oversight of the Ministry of Defense, is responsible for generating, interpreting and distributing weather information through its various networks, am ...
(RBD), Version 1.0
... response of tropospheric water vapour to warming itself – the water vapour feedback – that matters for climate change. In GCMs, water vapour alone provides the largest positive radiative feedback, it roughly doubles the warming in response to forcing (such as from greenhouse gas increases). There ar ...
... response of tropospheric water vapour to warming itself – the water vapour feedback – that matters for climate change. In GCMs, water vapour alone provides the largest positive radiative feedback, it roughly doubles the warming in response to forcing (such as from greenhouse gas increases). There ar ...
PDF
... 2001 and 2008 has been viewed through three successive frames. The first was „scientific scepticism‟. This was promoted by the US government and some businesses with interests in the carbon economy. The theme of this frame was that science is uncertain about the extent of climate change and so we ha ...
... 2001 and 2008 has been viewed through three successive frames. The first was „scientific scepticism‟. This was promoted by the US government and some businesses with interests in the carbon economy. The theme of this frame was that science is uncertain about the extent of climate change and so we ha ...
What Is and Is Not Known About Climate Change in Illinois
... this increase in aerosol concentration overshadowed the warming due to CO2. Balling (1991), Michaels and Stooksbury (1992), and others indicate a strong belief in the cooling effect of aerosols. Changnon (1985) showed that cloud cover has been increasing in Illinois since 1930, and part of this incr ...
... this increase in aerosol concentration overshadowed the warming due to CO2. Balling (1991), Michaels and Stooksbury (1992), and others indicate a strong belief in the cooling effect of aerosols. Changnon (1985) showed that cloud cover has been increasing in Illinois since 1930, and part of this incr ...
Not a Problem, Someone Else`s Problem, My Problem or Our
... value energy independence may be willing to support climate change action because it reduces reliance on imported fossil fuels, but may subsequently withdraw their support if new affordable domestic fossil fuel resources are developed. Individuals are strongly affected by social norms and networks, ...
... value energy independence may be willing to support climate change action because it reduces reliance on imported fossil fuels, but may subsequently withdraw their support if new affordable domestic fossil fuel resources are developed. Individuals are strongly affected by social norms and networks, ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""