Records of post–Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary
... environmental effects of the Chicxulub impact event at the K-T boundary are, however, still subject to intense debate (see papers in Ryder et al., 1996; Koeberl and MacLeod, 2002). Numerical simulations predict an ;10 yr global surface cooling, the so-called impact winter, induced by reduction in in ...
... environmental effects of the Chicxulub impact event at the K-T boundary are, however, still subject to intense debate (see papers in Ryder et al., 1996; Koeberl and MacLeod, 2002). Numerical simulations predict an ;10 yr global surface cooling, the so-called impact winter, induced by reduction in in ...
Expansion of the Tropics – Evidence and implications
... the tropical zone) in studies was problematic, and that widening trends were particularly sensitive to changes in the tropopause height threshold. Additionally, a number of studies have identified shifts and changes in intensity in tropical circulation systems and climatic phenomenon. The primary dr ...
... the tropical zone) in studies was problematic, and that widening trends were particularly sensitive to changes in the tropopause height threshold. Additionally, a number of studies have identified shifts and changes in intensity in tropical circulation systems and climatic phenomenon. The primary dr ...
A Framework for Assessing the Vulnerability of Communities in the
... hunting and subsistence strategies (Krupnik and Jolly, 2002). For example, Inuit at Baker Lake in Nunavut have had to adjust the timing and location of their hunting activities in response to lowering water levels in lakes and rivers, which have made traditional hunting grounds increasingly inaccess ...
... hunting and subsistence strategies (Krupnik and Jolly, 2002). For example, Inuit at Baker Lake in Nunavut have had to adjust the timing and location of their hunting activities in response to lowering water levels in lakes and rivers, which have made traditional hunting grounds increasingly inaccess ...
Targeting deforestation rates in climate change policy: a
... with social, biological, as well as economic value. For example, the very existence of unextracted coal or oil at particular locations is generally not of direct social or biological concern. In the case of deforestation, however, significant social and biological implications arise when large conti ...
... with social, biological, as well as economic value. For example, the very existence of unextracted coal or oil at particular locations is generally not of direct social or biological concern. In the case of deforestation, however, significant social and biological implications arise when large conti ...
publications - Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
... Vizy, E. K., and K. H. Cook, 2002: Development and application of a mesoscale climate model for the tropics: Influence of sea surface temperature anomalies on the West African monsoon, J. Geophys. Res.- Atmos., 107(D3), 10.1029/2001JD000686, 2002 Vizy, E. K., and K. H. Cook, 2001: Mechanisms by whic ...
... Vizy, E. K., and K. H. Cook, 2002: Development and application of a mesoscale climate model for the tropics: Influence of sea surface temperature anomalies on the West African monsoon, J. Geophys. Res.- Atmos., 107(D3), 10.1029/2001JD000686, 2002 Vizy, E. K., and K. H. Cook, 2001: Mechanisms by whic ...
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... depends on agriculture, directly or indirectly, for their livelihoods. The majority of farmers are small subsistence operators who are depend on agriculture both as a source of income as well as ...
... depends on agriculture, directly or indirectly, for their livelihoods. The majority of farmers are small subsistence operators who are depend on agriculture both as a source of income as well as ...
Developing countries and the future of the Kyoto Protocol
... the fact that large developing countries such as China and India have no commitments. In a 2001 letter to US senators, referring back to the 1997 Byrd-Hagel Senate resolution that the United States should not sign an agreement which includes new greenhouse gas commitments unless developing countries ...
... the fact that large developing countries such as China and India have no commitments. In a 2001 letter to US senators, referring back to the 1997 Byrd-Hagel Senate resolution that the United States should not sign an agreement which includes new greenhouse gas commitments unless developing countries ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES John Whalley Working Paper 17498
... production and consumption of goods both internally and will do so globally, but these costs may be justified by the benefits of the higher emissions reduction achieved in their absence. I finally note that the unilateral commitments that have been made by both developed and developing countries, bo ...
... production and consumption of goods both internally and will do so globally, but these costs may be justified by the benefits of the higher emissions reduction achieved in their absence. I finally note that the unilateral commitments that have been made by both developed and developing countries, bo ...
Adress: Climate Change Program, CATIE, Turrialba - EfD
... Nicaragua). The study focuses on a cross-country comparison of multi-sectoral and multiscale policy-networks relevant for designing ecosystem-based adaptation policies. Costa Rica and Nicaragua 2008-2009. Systematization of “Community based adaptation to climate variability and change in agricultu ...
... Nicaragua). The study focuses on a cross-country comparison of multi-sectoral and multiscale policy-networks relevant for designing ecosystem-based adaptation policies. Costa Rica and Nicaragua 2008-2009. Systematization of “Community based adaptation to climate variability and change in agricultu ...
Joint Comments to Army Corps of Engineers
... legal standards for rational decision-‐making, agencies must monetize important greenhouse gas effects when their decisions are grounded in cost-‐benefit analysis. NEPA May Require Monetizing Climate Effects, Especiall ...
... legal standards for rational decision-‐making, agencies must monetize important greenhouse gas effects when their decisions are grounded in cost-‐benefit analysis. NEPA May Require Monetizing Climate Effects, Especiall ...
Climate Change in the US Northeast
... climate is already changing in noticeable ways. Temperatures have been rising, particularly in winter, and the number of extremely hot days in summer has been increasing. Snow cover is decreasing and spring is arriving earlier in the year. Recent changes in our climate in the Northeast are consisten ...
... climate is already changing in noticeable ways. Temperatures have been rising, particularly in winter, and the number of extremely hot days in summer has been increasing. Snow cover is decreasing and spring is arriving earlier in the year. Recent changes in our climate in the Northeast are consisten ...
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... 1. Introduction and Overview A recent assessment of the market consequences of global climate change in the US by Jorgenson et al. (2004) concludes that “projected climate change has the potential to impose considerable costs or produce temporary benefits for the US economy over the 21st century, d ...
... 1. Introduction and Overview A recent assessment of the market consequences of global climate change in the US by Jorgenson et al. (2004) concludes that “projected climate change has the potential to impose considerable costs or produce temporary benefits for the US economy over the 21st century, d ...
New Zealand`s Climate Change Target
... change target? Human impact on the climate The earth’s climate is affected by human activities like driving cars, farming, burning coal, and deforestation. These activities produce greenhouse gases – mainly carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide – that build up in the atmosphere and trap the sun’ ...
... change target? Human impact on the climate The earth’s climate is affected by human activities like driving cars, farming, burning coal, and deforestation. These activities produce greenhouse gases – mainly carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide – that build up in the atmosphere and trap the sun’ ...
rapid climate change
... heat northwards. This is part of a much larger global ocean circulation system. Before the programme, computer models had shown that this heat conveyor produces a substantially warmer climate in western Europe than would otherwise be the case. The models also show that increasing greenhouse gases i ...
... heat northwards. This is part of a much larger global ocean circulation system. Before the programme, computer models had shown that this heat conveyor produces a substantially warmer climate in western Europe than would otherwise be the case. The models also show that increasing greenhouse gases i ...
Complete Text – Transcription of Methane Monster II
... really all about the Ocean. If we were to give our planet a name, we probably shouldn't call it Earth. We should call it Ocean or something like that. So in any case let's take a look at the sea surface temperature anomalies, speaking of the oceans in the Northern Hemisphere. You can see that it is ...
... really all about the Ocean. If we were to give our planet a name, we probably shouldn't call it Earth. We should call it Ocean or something like that. So in any case let's take a look at the sea surface temperature anomalies, speaking of the oceans in the Northern Hemisphere. You can see that it is ...
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... countries have been forced to enact actual emissions limits in Europe, their National Allocation Plans have focused on levels at, or slightly above, current levels (Forrester 2004). The proposal by the National Commission on Energy Policy similarly suggests a gradual deflection from an otherwise bus ...
... countries have been forced to enact actual emissions limits in Europe, their National Allocation Plans have focused on levels at, or slightly above, current levels (Forrester 2004). The proposal by the National Commission on Energy Policy similarly suggests a gradual deflection from an otherwise bus ...
Managing Water Resources in the Face of
... occurring and, if it is, to establish its cause. Global observational data compiled to date indicate human-induced climate changes are occurring. Since 1860, mean global air temperature has increased by approximately 0.60 C (+/- 0.20 C). In the Northern Hemisphere, average temperatures during the 20 ...
... occurring and, if it is, to establish its cause. Global observational data compiled to date indicate human-induced climate changes are occurring. Since 1860, mean global air temperature has increased by approximately 0.60 C (+/- 0.20 C). In the Northern Hemisphere, average temperatures during the 20 ...
Adaptation and Mitigation Reponses to Climate Change
... intense storms or hurricanes, resulting winds or flooding, or more gradual risks like sea-level rise, i.e., actions that reduce the impacts of climate risks. Mitigation of climate risk, in contrast, refers to actions taken to reduce the likelihood as well as likely magnitude of global increases in t ...
... intense storms or hurricanes, resulting winds or flooding, or more gradual risks like sea-level rise, i.e., actions that reduce the impacts of climate risks. Mitigation of climate risk, in contrast, refers to actions taken to reduce the likelihood as well as likely magnitude of global increases in t ...
5.0 project evaluation - Climate Adaptation Knowledge Exchange
... whose lives are blighted by poverty, ill-health or illiteracy are not in any meaningful sense free to lead lives that they value. - Human development report Climate change has become one of the defining forces shaping prospects for development in the 21st Century. Ghana is a signatory to the Kyoto P ...
... whose lives are blighted by poverty, ill-health or illiteracy are not in any meaningful sense free to lead lives that they value. - Human development report Climate change has become one of the defining forces shaping prospects for development in the 21st Century. Ghana is a signatory to the Kyoto P ...
Future changes of the atmospheric composition and the impact of
... been confirmed by Köhler et al. (1998) on the basis of aircraft measurements (see above). The one-year ozone climatology derived from aircraft measurements (Brunner, 1998) showed a quite zonal structure in July, with values of 100 to 150 ppbv at 200 hPa between 40°N and 60°N. This is well reproduce ...
... been confirmed by Köhler et al. (1998) on the basis of aircraft measurements (see above). The one-year ozone climatology derived from aircraft measurements (Brunner, 1998) showed a quite zonal structure in July, with values of 100 to 150 ppbv at 200 hPa between 40°N and 60°N. This is well reproduce ...
Can International Law Improve the Climate
... Global warming and consequent man-made climate change have been linked to the acceleration of the greenhouse effect-the result of approximately two centuries of industrialization. In non-scientific layman's terms, there is a natural greenhouse effect: short-wave solar radiation passes through a clea ...
... Global warming and consequent man-made climate change have been linked to the acceleration of the greenhouse effect-the result of approximately two centuries of industrialization. In non-scientific layman's terms, there is a natural greenhouse effect: short-wave solar radiation passes through a clea ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""