Submission 17 - Gold Coast City Council
... judicial review of decisions made, which inevitably involve a significant amount of public resources to defend. At present climate change planners are questioning whether on the basis of the precautionary principle, the highest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios (A1FI emission level ...
... judicial review of decisions made, which inevitably involve a significant amount of public resources to defend. At present climate change planners are questioning whether on the basis of the precautionary principle, the highest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios (A1FI emission level ...
LCCARL267_en.pdf
... need to be included in detail, and which can be omitted, simplified or treated exogenously. This could be done by the design of scenarios to be coupled with the model for sensitive analysis. Priorities must be set as to what is important and what is not important in the construction because the comp ...
... need to be included in detail, and which can be omitted, simplified or treated exogenously. This could be done by the design of scenarios to be coupled with the model for sensitive analysis. Priorities must be set as to what is important and what is not important in the construction because the comp ...
Regional climate change experiments over southern South America
... two scenario simulations showing a cell of increasing pressure centered in the southern Atlantic Ocean and a slight decrease in SLP over tropical and subtropical latitudes. In relation to the pressure distribution in the present climate simulation, this indicates a southward extension of the summer ...
... two scenario simulations showing a cell of increasing pressure centered in the southern Atlantic Ocean and a slight decrease in SLP over tropical and subtropical latitudes. In relation to the pressure distribution in the present climate simulation, this indicates a southward extension of the summer ...
Arctic Climate and Water Change: Information Relevance for Assessment and Adaptation Arvid Bring
... e↵orts to understand transport and origin of key waterborne constituents. Further development of monitoring cannot rely only on a reconciliation of observations and projections on where climate change will be the most severe, as they diverge in this regard. Climate model simulations of drainage basi ...
... e↵orts to understand transport and origin of key waterborne constituents. Further development of monitoring cannot rely only on a reconciliation of observations and projections on where climate change will be the most severe, as they diverge in this regard. Climate model simulations of drainage basi ...
Quantifying surface albedo and other direct biogeophysical climate
... By altering fluxes of heat, momentum, and moisture exchanges between the land surface and atmosphere, forestry and other land-use activities affect climate. Although long recognized scientifically as being important, these so-called biogeophysical forcings are rarely included in climate policies for ...
... By altering fluxes of heat, momentum, and moisture exchanges between the land surface and atmosphere, forestry and other land-use activities affect climate. Although long recognized scientifically as being important, these so-called biogeophysical forcings are rarely included in climate policies for ...
Efficiently Constraining Climate Sensitivity with Ensembles
... paleoclimate proxy data, and demonstrate through this that our ensembles of simulations are probably biased towards too high a sensitivity. Within the framework of our single-model ensemble experiment, we show that climate sensitivity of much greater than 6°C is hard to reconcile with the paleoclima ...
... paleoclimate proxy data, and demonstrate through this that our ensembles of simulations are probably biased towards too high a sensitivity. Within the framework of our single-model ensemble experiment, we show that climate sensitivity of much greater than 6°C is hard to reconcile with the paleoclima ...
Tropical reforestation and climate change
... global and regional climates through a range of mechanisms (Table 1). Reforestation has biophysical effects on climate, which, depending on their magnitude and direction, can contribute to climate change mitigation. Globally, these effects include changes in surface albedo, surface roughness, canopy ...
... global and regional climates through a range of mechanisms (Table 1). Reforestation has biophysical effects on climate, which, depending on their magnitude and direction, can contribute to climate change mitigation. Globally, these effects include changes in surface albedo, surface roughness, canopy ...
Global warming and 21st century drying - Lamont
... surpluses and deficits over some user-defined interval (typically 1, 3, or 12 months), SPEI uses accumulations of precipitation minus PET. Therefore, SPEI includes in its accounting both supply and demand changes in moisture variability, and can be interpreted similarly to PDSI (i.e., positive value ...
... surpluses and deficits over some user-defined interval (typically 1, 3, or 12 months), SPEI uses accumulations of precipitation minus PET. Therefore, SPEI includes in its accounting both supply and demand changes in moisture variability, and can be interpreted similarly to PDSI (i.e., positive value ...
Report
... atmosphere, particularly CO2, has increased exponentially due to anthropogenic activities such as fossil fuel burning and land use changes. This accumulation adversely impacts climate by increasing global temperatures. Deforestation and forest degradation contribute approximately 17% of total global ...
... atmosphere, particularly CO2, has increased exponentially due to anthropogenic activities such as fossil fuel burning and land use changes. This accumulation adversely impacts climate by increasing global temperatures. Deforestation and forest degradation contribute approximately 17% of total global ...
Studying Climate Change: Proxy Indicators
... • Proxy indicators = types of indirect evidence that serve as substitutes for direct measurements - Ice caps, ice sheets, and glaciers hold clues to past climate - Trapped bubbles in ice cores show atmospheric ...
... • Proxy indicators = types of indirect evidence that serve as substitutes for direct measurements - Ice caps, ice sheets, and glaciers hold clues to past climate - Trapped bubbles in ice cores show atmospheric ...
27. record low northern hemisphere sea ice extent in march 2015
... Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes, and Mario Acosta The record low Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter sea ice maximum stemmed from a strong interannual surface anomaly in the Pacific sector, but it would not have been reached without long-term climate change. ...
... Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes, and Mario Acosta The record low Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter sea ice maximum stemmed from a strong interannual surface anomaly in the Pacific sector, but it would not have been reached without long-term climate change. ...
Aghion_et_al_policy_paper_Nov2014 (opens in new window)
... typewriters from jamming (David, 1985). Roman roads, built in England two thousand years ago, determined the location of many modern highways and railways. In continental Europe, in contrast to Britain, people now drive their cars on the right following Napoleon’s declaration that, in the spirit of ...
... typewriters from jamming (David, 1985). Roman roads, built in England two thousand years ago, determined the location of many modern highways and railways. In continental Europe, in contrast to Britain, people now drive their cars on the right following Napoleon’s declaration that, in the spirit of ...
Lab Handout
... 1895 to the present (Menne et al. 2010). These data are particularly useful for climate change studies as the weather stations have remained in the same location for the entirety of the collection period and are situated away from urban areas. This eliminates false temperature trends due to altitudi ...
... 1895 to the present (Menne et al. 2010). These data are particularly useful for climate change studies as the weather stations have remained in the same location for the entirety of the collection period and are situated away from urban areas. This eliminates false temperature trends due to altitudi ...
Bright et al _GCB Invited Review_v4
... irrigation or fertilization; extension of rotation length, etc.). In turn, such changes alter not ...
... irrigation or fertilization; extension of rotation length, etc.). In turn, such changes alter not ...
Final qualitative report
... The Climate Institute is seeking to build its position as an authoritative, insightful and trusted non-partisan voice in the domestic and international climate change debate. As TCI’s flagship reports, ‘Climate of the Nation’ and the ‘Global Review’ are the primary vehicles to achieve this aim in 20 ...
... The Climate Institute is seeking to build its position as an authoritative, insightful and trusted non-partisan voice in the domestic and international climate change debate. As TCI’s flagship reports, ‘Climate of the Nation’ and the ‘Global Review’ are the primary vehicles to achieve this aim in 20 ...
Antarctic climate change and the environment
... into the atmosphere that have continued at an increasing rate since the start of the industrial revolution. The natural carbon cycle includes the behaviour of the carbon in the ocean prior to the industrial revolution. It is estimated that 30% of the total anthropogenic emissions annually are taken ...
... into the atmosphere that have continued at an increasing rate since the start of the industrial revolution. The natural carbon cycle includes the behaviour of the carbon in the ocean prior to the industrial revolution. It is estimated that 30% of the total anthropogenic emissions annually are taken ...
PDF
... change. Some scenarios included impacts of climate change estimated from the IPCC scenario A2. However, there are significant uncertainties around future climate change and the impacts on agricultural productivity. Some scenarios without climate change impacts were thus included. This approach allow ...
... change. Some scenarios included impacts of climate change estimated from the IPCC scenario A2. However, there are significant uncertainties around future climate change and the impacts on agricultural productivity. Some scenarios without climate change impacts were thus included. This approach allow ...
mobilising climate finance
... risks, primarily from stranded assets. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) had estimated that two-thirds of fossil fuel assets should not be sold if warming was to be kept below a two degree rise. Carney called for standards for disclosure of climate risk, similar to those used for ...
... risks, primarily from stranded assets. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) had estimated that two-thirds of fossil fuel assets should not be sold if warming was to be kept below a two degree rise. Carney called for standards for disclosure of climate risk, similar to those used for ...
Low Carbon Capital - Wellington City Council
... Background Climate change is now a clear and present global threat. Globally significant and sustained changes to the climate system are being driven by human activities – such as farming, driving, burning fossil fuels for electricity, and deforestation – pumping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxid ...
... Background Climate change is now a clear and present global threat. Globally significant and sustained changes to the climate system are being driven by human activities – such as farming, driving, burning fossil fuels for electricity, and deforestation – pumping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxid ...
Climate Risk Management - Integrated Drought Management
... shelters were built to warehouse small boat engines, while the boats themselves are sunk in tunnels dug into the mangroves. By doing so, boat destruction was reduced by 98 percent from one year to the next, securing incomes for hundreds of families after the disaster. The authorities are now aware t ...
... shelters were built to warehouse small boat engines, while the boats themselves are sunk in tunnels dug into the mangroves. By doing so, boat destruction was reduced by 98 percent from one year to the next, securing incomes for hundreds of families after the disaster. The authorities are now aware t ...
PDF
... multifaceted impacts on regular natural resources. Even though Pakistan has a very limited role in causing global warming and climate change but its geographical location makes it vulnerable to these changes and there worsening impacts. The climate change is mainly caused by the emission of greenhou ...
... multifaceted impacts on regular natural resources. Even though Pakistan has a very limited role in causing global warming and climate change but its geographical location makes it vulnerable to these changes and there worsening impacts. The climate change is mainly caused by the emission of greenhou ...
Death by Degrees - Physicians for Social Responsibility
... projected to be among the areas hardest hit by climate change, with much of its low-lying lands predicted to be underwater in the next 100 years. In that same period of time, South Florida’s heat index, which indicates human comfort level, could be at least 8-15˚F higher (31), which likely will incr ...
... projected to be among the areas hardest hit by climate change, with much of its low-lying lands predicted to be underwater in the next 100 years. In that same period of time, South Florida’s heat index, which indicates human comfort level, could be at least 8-15˚F higher (31), which likely will incr ...
Linkages Between Climate Change and Biodiversity in New Zealand
... this change is increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, in particular carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide (Houghton et al. 2001). Carbon dioxide concentrations are now higher than at any time for the last million years. Furthermore, depending on the greenhouse gas emission ...
... this change is increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, in particular carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide (Houghton et al. 2001). Carbon dioxide concentrations are now higher than at any time for the last million years. Furthermore, depending on the greenhouse gas emission ...
A conceptual framework for monitoring climate effects and feedback
... impacts based on previous observed concomitant changes in climate, terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems in the Arctic (ACIA 2005). Founded upon the large amount of information provided by the assessment, ACIA has specified a range of recommendations pivotal for future climate change researc ...
... impacts based on previous observed concomitant changes in climate, terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems in the Arctic (ACIA 2005). Founded upon the large amount of information provided by the assessment, ACIA has specified a range of recommendations pivotal for future climate change researc ...
Long-Term Climate Change - Ontario Power Generation
... the Sun due to variations in the geometry of Earth’s orbit around the Sun. These variations in orbital geometry are caused in turn by the gravitational attraction of the Earth by the other planets in this solar system. At each of the maxima of North American ice-sheet extent, the thickness of glacia ...
... the Sun due to variations in the geometry of Earth’s orbit around the Sun. These variations in orbital geometry are caused in turn by the gravitational attraction of the Earth by the other planets in this solar system. At each of the maxima of North American ice-sheet extent, the thickness of glacia ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""