01-Long Report-cover
... of 0.74 [0.56 to 0.92]°C is larger than the corresponding trend of 0.6 [0.4 to 0.8]°C (1901-2000) given in the TAR (Figure 1.1). The linear warming trend over the 50 years from 1956 to 2005 (0.13 [0.10 to 0.16]°C per decade) is nearly twice that for the 100 years from 1906 to 2005. {WGI 3.2, SPM} Th ...
... of 0.74 [0.56 to 0.92]°C is larger than the corresponding trend of 0.6 [0.4 to 0.8]°C (1901-2000) given in the TAR (Figure 1.1). The linear warming trend over the 50 years from 1956 to 2005 (0.13 [0.10 to 0.16]°C per decade) is nearly twice that for the 100 years from 1906 to 2005. {WGI 3.2, SPM} Th ...
USA–NPN Attributed Publications - USA National Phenology Network
... Regetz, J., Davies, T. J., Wolkovich, E. M., Bolmgren, K. & McGill, B. J. Phylogenetically weighted regression: a method for modeling non-stationarity on evolutionary trees. Systematic Biology (Submitted). Denny, E. G. et al. Standardized phenology monitoring methods to track plant and animal activi ...
... Regetz, J., Davies, T. J., Wolkovich, E. M., Bolmgren, K. & McGill, B. J. Phylogenetically weighted regression: a method for modeling non-stationarity on evolutionary trees. Systematic Biology (Submitted). Denny, E. G. et al. Standardized phenology monitoring methods to track plant and animal activi ...
An HSI Report: The Impact of Animal Agriculture on Global Warming
... senior scientist with the World Bank, “that agricultural regions in the developing world are more vulnerable, even before we consider the ability to cope.”32 Henry Miller of Stanford University has reportedly said that “like the sinking of the Titanic, catastrophes are not democratic…A much higher f ...
... senior scientist with the World Bank, “that agricultural regions in the developing world are more vulnerable, even before we consider the ability to cope.”32 Henry Miller of Stanford University has reportedly said that “like the sinking of the Titanic, catastrophes are not democratic…A much higher f ...
An Update on the View of CCS in Tim Dixon
... Removing CCS from the mix will increase mitigation costs by 138% by far the highest increase from any of the technologies analysed (bioenergy, wind, solar, nuclear) - and may not be able to achieve 450ppm CO2eq (+2C) “Note that many models cannot reach concentrations of about 450 ppm CO2eq by 2100 i ...
... Removing CCS from the mix will increase mitigation costs by 138% by far the highest increase from any of the technologies analysed (bioenergy, wind, solar, nuclear) - and may not be able to achieve 450ppm CO2eq (+2C) “Note that many models cannot reach concentrations of about 450 ppm CO2eq by 2100 i ...
Climate Data in the NWT
... • 33 communities, many small remote communities without all season roads • in small communities, 50 % of protein derived from country foods • Major industries: mining, oil & gas • All season highways link southern NWT to Alberta and BC, and northern NWT to Yukon • 70 million hectares of forest ...
... • 33 communities, many small remote communities without all season roads • in small communities, 50 % of protein derived from country foods • Major industries: mining, oil & gas • All season highways link southern NWT to Alberta and BC, and northern NWT to Yukon • 70 million hectares of forest ...
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... threatening the well-being of future generations. Tackling climate change has now become extremely urgent with little time remaining to achieve the necessary climate targets (Stocker, 2013). Moreover, delays in global emission reduction increase the efforts needed to achieve stabilization within tol ...
... threatening the well-being of future generations. Tackling climate change has now become extremely urgent with little time remaining to achieve the necessary climate targets (Stocker, 2013). Moreover, delays in global emission reduction increase the efforts needed to achieve stabilization within tol ...
Slide 1
... • Numerical models of atmosphere (and ocean) show sensitivity to initial conditions • For atmosphere practical limit of deterministic forecasts is 10 days. • Small uncertainties amplify and affect evolution of large-scale state • For climate purposes this means that future forecasts are probabilisti ...
... • Numerical models of atmosphere (and ocean) show sensitivity to initial conditions • For atmosphere practical limit of deterministic forecasts is 10 days. • Small uncertainties amplify and affect evolution of large-scale state • For climate purposes this means that future forecasts are probabilisti ...
Climate Change as a Risk Multiplier in a World of
... In areas strongly affected by climate change (hot spots) there are multiple stresses on human security (Figure 2). Hydro‐meteorological disasters (storms, floods and droughts) are an immediate danger to life and health of the most affected people (Germanwatch 2014) in developing countries (e.g. I ...
... In areas strongly affected by climate change (hot spots) there are multiple stresses on human security (Figure 2). Hydro‐meteorological disasters (storms, floods and droughts) are an immediate danger to life and health of the most affected people (Germanwatch 2014) in developing countries (e.g. I ...
Climate, conflict, and social stability: what does the evidence say
... identified” in the sense that they most closely approximate a scientific experiment, where treatment (eg. climate A) and control (climate B) status is randomly assigned to populations (Holland 1986; Freedman 1991; Angrist and Pischke 2008). In contrast, studies of historical time series can discern ...
... identified” in the sense that they most closely approximate a scientific experiment, where treatment (eg. climate A) and control (climate B) status is randomly assigned to populations (Holland 1986; Freedman 1991; Angrist and Pischke 2008). In contrast, studies of historical time series can discern ...
High Flows and Freshet Timing in Canada: Observed Trends CCRR
... The frequency and timing of flood events strongly contributes to the fundamental nature of rivers and is a key determinant of freshwater biodiversity, life history characteristics, ecological traits of stream organisms, and physical processes in streams (Poff et al. 1997, Bunn and Arthington 2002). ...
... The frequency and timing of flood events strongly contributes to the fundamental nature of rivers and is a key determinant of freshwater biodiversity, life history characteristics, ecological traits of stream organisms, and physical processes in streams (Poff et al. 1997, Bunn and Arthington 2002). ...
Climate, conflict, and social stability: what does the evidence say?
... identified” in the sense that they most closely approximate a scientific experiment, where treatment (eg. climate A) and control (climate B) status is randomly assigned to populations (Holland 1986; Freedman 1991; Angrist and Pischke 2008). In contrast, studies of historical time series can discern ...
... identified” in the sense that they most closely approximate a scientific experiment, where treatment (eg. climate A) and control (climate B) status is randomly assigned to populations (Holland 1986; Freedman 1991; Angrist and Pischke 2008). In contrast, studies of historical time series can discern ...
Gregory et al. (2013) - American Meteorological Society
... have increased over this period (Forster et al. 2007), which will have reduced the size of the correction. Making the correction constant in time is a further approximation. In reality the cooling tendency will diminish with time, as the ocean adjusts to the timemean negative volcanic forcing (Grego ...
... have increased over this period (Forster et al. 2007), which will have reduced the size of the correction. Making the correction constant in time is a further approximation. In reality the cooling tendency will diminish with time, as the ocean adjusts to the timemean negative volcanic forcing (Grego ...
Causes of Sea Level Rise: What the Science Tells Us
... Sea level rise, combined with worsening storm surge, threatens to harm people, property, and ecosystems in coastal communities around the country. ...
... Sea level rise, combined with worsening storm surge, threatens to harm people, property, and ecosystems in coastal communities around the country. ...
UNEP YEar Book 2013
... more than models used by IPCC have predicted (Rhamstorf et al. 2012). The biggest long-term concern in the Arctic is Greenland, which is covered by ice up to 3 km thick – enough to raise global sea levels by an eventual 7 metres if it melted (Dahl-Jensen et al. 2011). Such a catastrophe is not immin ...
... more than models used by IPCC have predicted (Rhamstorf et al. 2012). The biggest long-term concern in the Arctic is Greenland, which is covered by ice up to 3 km thick – enough to raise global sea levels by an eventual 7 metres if it melted (Dahl-Jensen et al. 2011). Such a catastrophe is not immin ...
Global Climate Science, Uncertainty and Politics: Data
... point mass. One- and two-dimensional EBMs also exist. In addition, there are two-dimensional models called ‘radiative—convective mod els’, which give a picture of the atmosphere’s vertical temperature structure. In these models, temperature is computed as a function of latitude and either longitude ...
... point mass. One- and two-dimensional EBMs also exist. In addition, there are two-dimensional models called ‘radiative—convective mod els’, which give a picture of the atmosphere’s vertical temperature structure. In these models, temperature is computed as a function of latitude and either longitude ...
Expert Consensus on the Economics of Climate Change
... group’s “statistical” or average answer. Well-developed theories on “the wisdom of crowds” explain why the average answer from a group is likely to be more accurate than most individuals in that group, and why large groups perform better than small groups.10 For example, statistical groups of expert ...
... group’s “statistical” or average answer. Well-developed theories on “the wisdom of crowds” explain why the average answer from a group is likely to be more accurate than most individuals in that group, and why large groups perform better than small groups.10 For example, statistical groups of expert ...
Twentieth-Century Global-Mean Sea Level Rise: Is the Whole
... have increased over this period (Forster et al. 2007), which will have reduced the size of the correction. Making the correction constant in time is a further approximation. In reality the cooling tendency will diminish with time, as the ocean adjusts to the timemean negative volcanic forcing (Grego ...
... have increased over this period (Forster et al. 2007), which will have reduced the size of the correction. Making the correction constant in time is a further approximation. In reality the cooling tendency will diminish with time, as the ocean adjusts to the timemean negative volcanic forcing (Grego ...
A plants perspective of extremes: terrestrial plant responses to
... derived from their simulations with an ensemble of general circulation models (GCMs) robust projections on increasing droughts over the Mediterranean and increasing heavy precipitation over the Northern high latitudes. Although changes in the mean values are important, there is evidence that plant d ...
... derived from their simulations with an ensemble of general circulation models (GCMs) robust projections on increasing droughts over the Mediterranean and increasing heavy precipitation over the Northern high latitudes. Although changes in the mean values are important, there is evidence that plant d ...
water - Evian
... this decline is continuing at an accelerated rate of 1.5% annually. This loss will affect availability of water in many countries that can least afford to have any reduction. ...
... this decline is continuing at an accelerated rate of 1.5% annually. This loss will affect availability of water in many countries that can least afford to have any reduction. ...
A plant`s perspective of extremes: terrestrial plant responses to
... derived from their simulations with an ensemble of general circulation models (GCMs) robust projections on increasing droughts over the Mediterranean and increasing heavy precipitation over the Northern high latitudes. Although changes in the mean values are important, there is evidence that plant d ...
... derived from their simulations with an ensemble of general circulation models (GCMs) robust projections on increasing droughts over the Mediterranean and increasing heavy precipitation over the Northern high latitudes. Although changes in the mean values are important, there is evidence that plant d ...
Safeguarding the Arctic - Center for American Progress
... The executive order creates an Arctic Executive Steering Committee, chaired by White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Director John Holdren and vice chaired by National Security Advisor Susan Rice or their designees. The steering committee will improve coordination of federal Arctic po ...
... The executive order creates an Arctic Executive Steering Committee, chaired by White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Director John Holdren and vice chaired by National Security Advisor Susan Rice or their designees. The steering committee will improve coordination of federal Arctic po ...
The runaway greenhouse: implications for future climate change
... oil, gas, and coal, there’s a substantial chance that we will initiate the runaway greenhouse. If we also burn the tar sands and tar shale, I believe the Venus syndrome [the runaway greenhouse] is a dead certainty’ [1, p. 236]. In this study, we begin by reviewing the physical basis of the runaway g ...
... oil, gas, and coal, there’s a substantial chance that we will initiate the runaway greenhouse. If we also burn the tar sands and tar shale, I believe the Venus syndrome [the runaway greenhouse] is a dead certainty’ [1, p. 236]. In this study, we begin by reviewing the physical basis of the runaway g ...
UK climate change policy: how does it affect competitiveness?
... alone. The UK is part of a leading group of nations that is taking ambitious policy action on climate change. Also in this group are many of the UK’s major competitors, including France, Germany, Norway, South Korea, Mexico, and China. This conclusion is based on a comparison of three indicators of ...
... alone. The UK is part of a leading group of nations that is taking ambitious policy action on climate change. Also in this group are many of the UK’s major competitors, including France, Germany, Norway, South Korea, Mexico, and China. This conclusion is based on a comparison of three indicators of ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""