Freshwater biodiversity versus anthropogenic climate
... Thomas et al. (2004). Species can respond to climate change in several ways. They can move to track climatic conditions, stay in place and evolve to the new climate, or they can become extinct. Although quick evolution is possible, movement that tracks climate is by far the most common response (Ber ...
... Thomas et al. (2004). Species can respond to climate change in several ways. They can move to track climatic conditions, stay in place and evolve to the new climate, or they can become extinct. Although quick evolution is possible, movement that tracks climate is by far the most common response (Ber ...
Climate change and vulnerability: Pushing people over the
... contributing to this, and if polluting greenhouse gases continue to be emitted into the atmosphere, it is likely the situation will get increasingly worse. This means life will be harder for poor people who are often already desperately vulnerable, and have no financial or social safety net in place ...
... contributing to this, and if polluting greenhouse gases continue to be emitted into the atmosphere, it is likely the situation will get increasingly worse. This means life will be harder for poor people who are often already desperately vulnerable, and have no financial or social safety net in place ...
Letters to the editor (7/19/10)
... look back and say, '[Grandpa] understood what was happening, but he did not make it clear.' " Hansen is doing everything in his power to be clear about climate change and what needs to be done. At an Earth Day rally on the National Mall in Washington this past spring, he unveiled a proposal called " ...
... look back and say, '[Grandpa] understood what was happening, but he did not make it clear.' " Hansen is doing everything in his power to be clear about climate change and what needs to be done. At an Earth Day rally on the National Mall in Washington this past spring, he unveiled a proposal called " ...
Weighing the costs and benefits of climate change to our children
... much would fail a cost–benefit test, meaning that it would not increase social welfare. Let’s now explore how robust that result is. The “climate catastrophe” scenario in figures 1 and 2 combines a very sensitive response by the global mean temperature to rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrat ...
... much would fail a cost–benefit test, meaning that it would not increase social welfare. Let’s now explore how robust that result is. The “climate catastrophe” scenario in figures 1 and 2 combines a very sensitive response by the global mean temperature to rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrat ...
Summary of the meeting on 11 December 2015 on adaptation of
... intensity and frequency of future precipitation in cold areas with current versions of snow load maps for structural design should be performed. The European Snow Loads Research Project was carried out under contracts with the European Commission DG III – D3 in the period 1996-1999 with the aim to p ...
... intensity and frequency of future precipitation in cold areas with current versions of snow load maps for structural design should be performed. The European Snow Loads Research Project was carried out under contracts with the European Commission DG III – D3 in the period 1996-1999 with the aim to p ...
1 workshop proceedings day one: 20 th october 2016 - ClimDev
... of climate information. 2. It was noted that most meteorology departments do their best to collect, analyze and disseminate climate information however, in most cases, the citizens/ local communities do not put this knowledge to use. Therefore, there is need to: o Change mindsets of citizens/ local ...
... of climate information. 2. It was noted that most meteorology departments do their best to collect, analyze and disseminate climate information however, in most cases, the citizens/ local communities do not put this knowledge to use. Therefore, there is need to: o Change mindsets of citizens/ local ...
Terrestrial Planets
... • Weather is the ever-varying combination of wind, clouds, temperature, and pressure. – Local complexity of weather makes it difficult to predict. • Climate is the long-term average of weather. – generally more predictable than weather – Stability of climate depends on global conditions – Long term ...
... • Weather is the ever-varying combination of wind, clouds, temperature, and pressure. – Local complexity of weather makes it difficult to predict. • Climate is the long-term average of weather. – generally more predictable than weather – Stability of climate depends on global conditions – Long term ...
On Modeling and Interpreting the Economics of Catastrophic
... GHG). A yet more remote possibility, which in principle should also be included, is heat-induced releases of the even-vaster offshore deposits of CH4 trapped in the form of hydrates (clathrates)—for which there is a decidedly nonzero probability of destabilized methane seeping into the atmosphere if ...
... GHG). A yet more remote possibility, which in principle should also be included, is heat-induced releases of the even-vaster offshore deposits of CH4 trapped in the form of hydrates (clathrates)—for which there is a decidedly nonzero probability of destabilized methane seeping into the atmosphere if ...
Livestock and climate change
... Livestock and climate change Evidence from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) is now overwhelmingly convincing that climate change is real, that it will become worse, and that the poorest and most vulnerable people will be the worst affected. The International Fund for Agricu ...
... Livestock and climate change Evidence from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) is now overwhelmingly convincing that climate change is real, that it will become worse, and that the poorest and most vulnerable people will be the worst affected. The International Fund for Agricu ...
PDF
... the higher mitigation and manages to stabilise carbon emissions – albeit not concentrations. Given the improvements needed and commercialisation lags, these technologies become effectively available around mid-century, leading to some emission reductions afterwards. The “W+S & CCS” R&D policy achiev ...
... the higher mitigation and manages to stabilise carbon emissions – albeit not concentrations. Given the improvements needed and commercialisation lags, these technologies become effectively available around mid-century, leading to some emission reductions afterwards. The “W+S & CCS” R&D policy achiev ...
Climate in the Heartland
... developed from societal variables to which the GCMs respond. Scenarios are generally based on those adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Nakićenović et al. 2000), a program of the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Program. These allow models to ...
... developed from societal variables to which the GCMs respond. Scenarios are generally based on those adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Nakićenović et al. 2000), a program of the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Program. These allow models to ...
Weitzman2009-Modeling-Economics-ClimateChange.pdf
... GHG). A yet more remote possibility, which in principle should also be included, is heat-induced releases of the even-vaster offshore deposits of CH4 trapped in the form of hydrates (clathrates)—for which there is a decidedly nonzero probability of destabilized methane seeping into the atmosphere if ...
... GHG). A yet more remote possibility, which in principle should also be included, is heat-induced releases of the even-vaster offshore deposits of CH4 trapped in the form of hydrates (clathrates)—for which there is a decidedly nonzero probability of destabilized methane seeping into the atmosphere if ...
Synthesis Report “Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges
... economy have developed and thrived. These indicators include global mean surface temperature, sealevel rise, global ocean temperature, Arctic sea ice extent, ocean acidification, and extreme climatic events. With unabated emissions, many trends in climate will likely accelerate, leading to an increa ...
... economy have developed and thrived. These indicators include global mean surface temperature, sealevel rise, global ocean temperature, Arctic sea ice extent, ocean acidification, and extreme climatic events. With unabated emissions, many trends in climate will likely accelerate, leading to an increa ...
Cryptic impacts of temperature variability on amphibian immune
... buffered saline (PBS). An isolated colony of each bacterium was obtained by streaking onto a 5% blood agar plate (Fisher Scientific) and used to inoculate 10 ml of tryptic soy broth. The broth was incubated for 24 h at 30°C to yield a working stock solution. Bacterial concentration of each stock sol ...
... buffered saline (PBS). An isolated colony of each bacterium was obtained by streaking onto a 5% blood agar plate (Fisher Scientific) and used to inoculate 10 ml of tryptic soy broth. The broth was incubated for 24 h at 30°C to yield a working stock solution. Bacterial concentration of each stock sol ...
Florida Governor Charlie Crist | Governor Crist Opens Florida
... days is to hear from the experts. Together, we will identify specific actions we can take here in Florida to address the causes and the effects of global climate change. We will hear from some of the strongest voices of our time on this very important issue. We will hear from California Governor Arn ...
... days is to hear from the experts. Together, we will identify specific actions we can take here in Florida to address the causes and the effects of global climate change. We will hear from some of the strongest voices of our time on this very important issue. We will hear from California Governor Arn ...
chapter
... Today, climatologists know that intriguing globalscale linkages exist in the Earth–atmosphere–ocean system. For instance, strong monsoonal rains in West Africa are correlated with the development of intense Atlantic hurricanes; or, one year an El Niño in the Pacific is tied to rains in the American ...
... Today, climatologists know that intriguing globalscale linkages exist in the Earth–atmosphere–ocean system. For instance, strong monsoonal rains in West Africa are correlated with the development of intense Atlantic hurricanes; or, one year an El Niño in the Pacific is tied to rains in the American ...
Now you Sea Ice, Now you Don`t
... At the global level, strong evidence suggests that observed changes in Earth’s climate are largely due to human activities (IPCC, 2007). At the regional level, the evidence for human - dominated change is sometimes less clear. Trends or patterns may be seen but vary from place to place. It is docume ...
... At the global level, strong evidence suggests that observed changes in Earth’s climate are largely due to human activities (IPCC, 2007). At the regional level, the evidence for human - dominated change is sometimes less clear. Trends or patterns may be seen but vary from place to place. It is docume ...
27. Coastal saltmarsh - Natural England publications
... element of the intertidal habitat, with the potential for abrupt changes (Mieszkowska, 2010). Relative sea level rise (taking account of isostatic changes), storm events, and changes in the availability and movement of sediment are already having effects on saltmarsh, and climate change projections ...
... element of the intertidal habitat, with the potential for abrupt changes (Mieszkowska, 2010). Relative sea level rise (taking account of isostatic changes), storm events, and changes in the availability and movement of sediment are already having effects on saltmarsh, and climate change projections ...
Yes Impact – Water Wars
... Research into two seas bordering the polar region has shown that they are absorbing ever smaller amounts of atmospheric CO2 and, at points of the year, even becoming a source of the gas. The shock finding suggests that climate change could be fast becoming a vicious, inescapable cycle which can only ...
... Research into two seas bordering the polar region has shown that they are absorbing ever smaller amounts of atmospheric CO2 and, at points of the year, even becoming a source of the gas. The shock finding suggests that climate change could be fast becoming a vicious, inescapable cycle which can only ...
Climate Change and San Francisco Bay-Delta Tidal Wetlands
... Increasing temperatures will act globally, regionally, and locally to affect wetlands (Figure 1). For example, temperature increases that drive both thermal expansion of the world’s oceans and melting of terrestrial ice sheets are believed to be primarily responsible for increases in rate of global ...
... Increasing temperatures will act globally, regionally, and locally to affect wetlands (Figure 1). For example, temperature increases that drive both thermal expansion of the world’s oceans and melting of terrestrial ice sheets are believed to be primarily responsible for increases in rate of global ...
Implementing measures to manage the rapid deterioration of the Arctic
... of the Arctic melt since 1979 was caused by human activity. As a result of climate change, the Arctic region has been heating up twice as fast as our global average. Furthermore, pollutants from smokestacks in Europe and Asia are travelling up to the Arctic and settling into its snow and ice. Conseq ...
... of the Arctic melt since 1979 was caused by human activity. As a result of climate change, the Arctic region has been heating up twice as fast as our global average. Furthermore, pollutants from smokestacks in Europe and Asia are travelling up to the Arctic and settling into its snow and ice. Conseq ...
Why economics matters for understanding the effects of climate
... on prices, catch rates, travel costs, or on other factors that are not included in the model presented here. For example, in a nonrationalized fishery, harvesters place more value on quantity, E(Qj), than value, E(pricej), than they would if (or when) the fishery were rationalized. This is because i ...
... on prices, catch rates, travel costs, or on other factors that are not included in the model presented here. For example, in a nonrationalized fishery, harvesters place more value on quantity, E(Qj), than value, E(pricej), than they would if (or when) the fishery were rationalized. This is because i ...
A Review of the Stern Review on the Economics
... don’t act, the overall costs and risks of climate change will be equivalent to losing at least 5% of global GDP each year, now and forever. If a wider range of risks and impacts is taken into account, the estimates of damage could rise to 20% of GDP or more . . . . Our actions now and over the comin ...
... don’t act, the overall costs and risks of climate change will be equivalent to losing at least 5% of global GDP each year, now and forever. If a wider range of risks and impacts is taken into account, the estimates of damage could rise to 20% of GDP or more . . . . Our actions now and over the comin ...
Document
... WWTP is not an identified source of CO2 emissions since CO2 emitted began as CO2 in the atmosphere fixed to food production – we are just returning it Our anthropogenic sources of CH4 and N2O are conservatively estimated (much higher than they actually are) by both methodology and specific assumptio ...
... WWTP is not an identified source of CO2 emissions since CO2 emitted began as CO2 in the atmosphere fixed to food production – we are just returning it Our anthropogenic sources of CH4 and N2O are conservatively estimated (much higher than they actually are) by both methodology and specific assumptio ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""