Northern Hemispheric cryosphere response to volcanic eruptions in
... Table 1. Both reconstructions are based on ice core sulfate records from both polar regions and differ in the transfer function from the ice core sulfate to aerosol optical depth (AOD) and in the filtering of globally important eruptions [Schmidt et al., 2011]. There are two Goddard Institute for Spa ...
... Table 1. Both reconstructions are based on ice core sulfate records from both polar regions and differ in the transfer function from the ice core sulfate to aerosol optical depth (AOD) and in the filtering of globally important eruptions [Schmidt et al., 2011]. There are two Goddard Institute for Spa ...
Stepping Stone or Stumbling Block
... for greater support for an international agreement-and what measures are likely to be pitfalls-we can make progress in identifying the kinds of measures that are genuinely worth pursuing. Toward this end, this Article proceeds to examine the key features of the Waxman-Markey Bill (which passed in th ...
... for greater support for an international agreement-and what measures are likely to be pitfalls-we can make progress in identifying the kinds of measures that are genuinely worth pursuing. Toward this end, this Article proceeds to examine the key features of the Waxman-Markey Bill (which passed in th ...
The Solar Radiation Budget, and High
... Berkeley Atmospheric Science Symposium October 14, 2005 ...
... Berkeley Atmospheric Science Symposium October 14, 2005 ...
EIR Greenhouse Gas Emissions
... greenhouse effect, is responsible for maintaining a habitable climate on Earth. Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would not be able to support life as we know it. Prominent GHGs contributing to the greenhouse effect are CO2, methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perflu ...
... greenhouse effect, is responsible for maintaining a habitable climate on Earth. Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would not be able to support life as we know it. Prominent GHGs contributing to the greenhouse effect are CO2, methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perflu ...
first biennial report of the united states of america
... consensus, as reflected in the most recent Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is that anthropogenic emissions of GHGs are causing changes in the climate that include rising average national and global temperatures, warming oceans, rising average sea levels, mo ...
... consensus, as reflected in the most recent Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is that anthropogenic emissions of GHGs are causing changes in the climate that include rising average national and global temperatures, warming oceans, rising average sea levels, mo ...
Working Group I Fifth Assessment Report
... Human activities are continuing to affect the Earth’s energy budget by changing the emissions and resulting atmospheric concentrations of radiatively important gases and aerosols and by changing land surface properties. Previous assessments have already shown through multiple lines of evidence that ...
... Human activities are continuing to affect the Earth’s energy budget by changing the emissions and resulting atmospheric concentrations of radiatively important gases and aerosols and by changing land surface properties. Previous assessments have already shown through multiple lines of evidence that ...
Factsheet - Effects of climate change on polar
... Edgeøya, Nordaustlandet and Hopen. However, because the sea ice is retreating as a result of climate change, polar bears have stopped hibernating on Hopen. This is an indication of the fact that these hugely important hibernation areas are under direct threat from global warming. ...
... Edgeøya, Nordaustlandet and Hopen. However, because the sea ice is retreating as a result of climate change, polar bears have stopped hibernating on Hopen. This is an indication of the fact that these hugely important hibernation areas are under direct threat from global warming. ...
Introduction - the United Nations
... Reefs and Biodiversity Rising sea surface temperatures, an adverse effect of climate change, can lead to coral bleaching, and ocean acidification. These in turn could lead to the collapse of entire reef ecosystems. The 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment estimates that by the end of this century, c ...
... Reefs and Biodiversity Rising sea surface temperatures, an adverse effect of climate change, can lead to coral bleaching, and ocean acidification. These in turn could lead to the collapse of entire reef ecosystems. The 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment estimates that by the end of this century, c ...
DICE 2013R - Yale Economics
... In this specification, R(t) is the discount factor, while the pure rate of social time preference, ρ , is the discount rate which provides the welfare weights on the utilities of different generations. We should add a note of interpretation of the equilibrium in the DICE model. We have specified the ...
... In this specification, R(t) is the discount factor, while the pure rate of social time preference, ρ , is the discount rate which provides the welfare weights on the utilities of different generations. We should add a note of interpretation of the equilibrium in the DICE model. We have specified the ...
Climate change and agriculture - NSW Department of Primary
... Increased incidence of eye cancers in Holstein Friesian cows has already been noted by farmers (J Crawter, pers. comm.). Increased prevalence of cattle ticks and buffalo fly may also be expected. Future trends in the dairy industry may be towards animals with lower genetic potential grazing a more ...
... Increased incidence of eye cancers in Holstein Friesian cows has already been noted by farmers (J Crawter, pers. comm.). Increased prevalence of cattle ticks and buffalo fly may also be expected. Future trends in the dairy industry may be towards animals with lower genetic potential grazing a more ...
04 Morlot.P65
... impact literature. Solid benchmark indicators appear to be available from global mean temperature change, ecosystems and coastal zone impacts information. We conclude by arguing for global goal-setting based on climate change effects and the use of indicators in these areas as part of post-2012 clim ...
... impact literature. Solid benchmark indicators appear to be available from global mean temperature change, ecosystems and coastal zone impacts information. We conclude by arguing for global goal-setting based on climate change effects and the use of indicators in these areas as part of post-2012 clim ...
Climate Change Mitigation«WHAT DO WE DO?
... that in many respects the OECD baseline scenario is not a particularly pessimistic one. Energy intensity – the amount of energy used to produce a given level of gross domestic product (GDP) – is assumed to fall continuously, partly because as living standards across the world converge, GDP shifts st ...
... that in many respects the OECD baseline scenario is not a particularly pessimistic one. Energy intensity – the amount of energy used to produce a given level of gross domestic product (GDP) – is assumed to fall continuously, partly because as living standards across the world converge, GDP shifts st ...
MO House Testimony May 29 2014 Final
... collaborative but occasionally confrontational as difficult questions of wording, both semantic and substantive, were worked out in sessions that went on most of the day and sometimes through much or all of the night. Some of the government delegates are also experts, some are diplomats, and some ar ...
... collaborative but occasionally confrontational as difficult questions of wording, both semantic and substantive, were worked out in sessions that went on most of the day and sometimes through much or all of the night. Some of the government delegates are also experts, some are diplomats, and some ar ...
Hydrological Cycle in the Danube basin in present
... years of the XXII century under the SRESA1B scenario (720 ppm of CO2 after 2100) are analyzed. ...
... years of the XXII century under the SRESA1B scenario (720 ppm of CO2 after 2100) are analyzed. ...
Comparing the heat of combustion of fossil fuels to
... the earth system by the emitted GHGs, based on the gases’ radiative efficiency and atmospheric residence time. Finally, we calculate the ratio of heat accumulated by GHGs to heat released by combustion. Combustion emissions of CO2, N2O, and CH4 are based on default values recommended by IPCC [4]. Emi ...
... the earth system by the emitted GHGs, based on the gases’ radiative efficiency and atmospheric residence time. Finally, we calculate the ratio of heat accumulated by GHGs to heat released by combustion. Combustion emissions of CO2, N2O, and CH4 are based on default values recommended by IPCC [4]. Emi ...
Climate Change Policy: Actions and Barriers in New Zealand
... use ‘flexibility mechanisms’ – systems such as emissions trading - where developed countries might purchase emission reductions from other countries. The Group had in fact arisen to counter EU efforts to constrain the adoption of flexibility mechanisms as a substitute for domestic action (Yamin & De ...
... use ‘flexibility mechanisms’ – systems such as emissions trading - where developed countries might purchase emission reductions from other countries. The Group had in fact arisen to counter EU efforts to constrain the adoption of flexibility mechanisms as a substitute for domestic action (Yamin & De ...
2.0 air quality, climate and climate change
... Air quality is determined by the concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere, which are, in turn, affected by the dispersion of pollutants from emission sources. Emission sources can be primary or secondary, where primary sources include stack emissions and volatilization from equipment, and seco ...
... Air quality is determined by the concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere, which are, in turn, affected by the dispersion of pollutants from emission sources. Emission sources can be primary or secondary, where primary sources include stack emissions and volatilization from equipment, and seco ...
PDF
... shadow values of land would increase substantially. Introduction Increased concern for the environment in the past decade has resulted in a greater awareness of mankind's interrelationships with the environment. On one front, it has become quite widely accepted that "human activities have the potent ...
... shadow values of land would increase substantially. Introduction Increased concern for the environment in the past decade has resulted in a greater awareness of mankind's interrelationships with the environment. On one front, it has become quite widely accepted that "human activities have the potent ...
Environmental Justice and Climate Change in Latin America
... Latin America. Numerous studies report on the currently observed impacts of climate change. These include receding glaciers, altered patterns of precipitation and hydrological regime (extreme floods and droughts), cold and heat waves, and ocean acidification, affecting both the quality and quantity ...
... Latin America. Numerous studies report on the currently observed impacts of climate change. These include receding glaciers, altered patterns of precipitation and hydrological regime (extreme floods and droughts), cold and heat waves, and ocean acidification, affecting both the quality and quantity ...
BioCarbon Fund - World Bank Group
... experience to-date in A/R through scaled-up programs and exploring new areas. All of this is in line with the World Bank’s triple-win-for-farmers strategy in which the forestry, agriculture, and rural energy sectors are treated in a integrated way to: ...
... experience to-date in A/R through scaled-up programs and exploring new areas. All of this is in line with the World Bank’s triple-win-for-farmers strategy in which the forestry, agriculture, and rural energy sectors are treated in a integrated way to: ...
0915 Reporting through CDP - Verduzco (Chevron)
... The following slides present sections of the CDP questionnaire that have been problematic for Chevron to respond to. The issues highlighted are likely to affect other IPIECA members, and are presented with the objective of engaging in a healthy exchange of ideas and determine IPIECA’s future invol ...
... The following slides present sections of the CDP questionnaire that have been problematic for Chevron to respond to. The issues highlighted are likely to affect other IPIECA members, and are presented with the objective of engaging in a healthy exchange of ideas and determine IPIECA’s future invol ...
Didier Soto (EPOC)
... How to model local urban microclimates ? Which districts ? Which interactions with climate change ? Where are located the most heat-related vulnerable assets ? How to evaluate local adaptive capacities ? Which are the best practices to refresh hot urban areas ? Which are the best-climate adapted mat ...
... How to model local urban microclimates ? Which districts ? Which interactions with climate change ? Where are located the most heat-related vulnerable assets ? How to evaluate local adaptive capacities ? Which are the best practices to refresh hot urban areas ? Which are the best-climate adapted mat ...
Philosophy of Climate Science Part II: Modelling
... the state of the climate system (projected into the climate model’s own domain) at the beginning of the period being simulated. The latter are values for any variables which affect the system but which are not directly output by the calculations. These include, for instance, the concentration of gre ...
... the state of the climate system (projected into the climate model’s own domain) at the beginning of the period being simulated. The latter are values for any variables which affect the system but which are not directly output by the calculations. These include, for instance, the concentration of gre ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""