Diagnosing atmosphere--land feedbacks in CMIP5 climate models
... CanESM2, this may be because of two reasons: (i) the relationships may well be weaker in this model because of its own particular setup and parameterizations; and/or (ii) the model may have less variability than the others meaning the correlations are less easy to distinguish. This is beyond the sco ...
... CanESM2, this may be because of two reasons: (i) the relationships may well be weaker in this model because of its own particular setup and parameterizations; and/or (ii) the model may have less variability than the others meaning the correlations are less easy to distinguish. This is beyond the sco ...
Going beyond aid effectiveness to guide the delivery of climate finance
... delivery of climate change actions. They apply as much to national delivery as to international support and capture, with actions and results measured according to: ...
... delivery of climate change actions. They apply as much to national delivery as to international support and capture, with actions and results measured according to: ...
Climate Change Act 2017
... The Parliament of Victoria recognises on behalf of the people of Victoria that the international community has reached agreement to hold the global average temperature increase to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1·5 ...
... The Parliament of Victoria recognises on behalf of the people of Victoria that the international community has reached agreement to hold the global average temperature increase to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1·5 ...
A Guide for Incorporating Adaptation to Climate
... Climate Change refers to both the general warming of our climate, and the increased variability of extreme events associated with this change. The increased variability means that, while the average temperature may be increasing, sometimes temperatures may be colder than usual, as well as hotter. Ex ...
... Climate Change refers to both the general warming of our climate, and the increased variability of extreme events associated with this change. The increased variability means that, while the average temperature may be increasing, sometimes temperatures may be colder than usual, as well as hotter. Ex ...
Extreme Events and Disasters are the Biggest Threat to Taiwan
... second stage, the global mean temperature was decreased but there is no significant temperature change in Taiwan. In the second stage, mean temperature in Taiwan increased 0.7 degree Celsius from year 1980 to 2001, which is greater than the trend of the past century and is consistent with the gradua ...
... second stage, the global mean temperature was decreased but there is no significant temperature change in Taiwan. In the second stage, mean temperature in Taiwan increased 0.7 degree Celsius from year 1980 to 2001, which is greater than the trend of the past century and is consistent with the gradua ...
ece11 Asheim 16688487 en
... consumption is deemed better than another if and only if it generates a higher sum of utilities discounted by a constant per period discount factor δ, where δ is positive and smaller than one. In spite of its prevalence, DU is controversial, both due to the conditions through which it is justified a ...
... consumption is deemed better than another if and only if it generates a higher sum of utilities discounted by a constant per period discount factor δ, where δ is positive and smaller than one. In spite of its prevalence, DU is controversial, both due to the conditions through which it is justified a ...
Land - Use/Land Cover Change as a
... Estimated radiative forcings since preindustrial times for the Earth and Troposphere system (TOA) radiative forcing with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertai ...
... Estimated radiative forcings since preindustrial times for the Earth and Troposphere system (TOA) radiative forcing with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertai ...
Averchenkova, Stern and Zenghelis policy paper December 2014 (opens in new window)
... affordability and equity of efforts by countries. While INDCs may include actions on adaptation, the focus of this paper is on mitigation and potentially related actions on finance, technology cooperation and capacity-building to support it. The main criteria for determining national mitigation ple ...
... affordability and equity of efforts by countries. While INDCs may include actions on adaptation, the focus of this paper is on mitigation and potentially related actions on finance, technology cooperation and capacity-building to support it. The main criteria for determining national mitigation ple ...
1 CV KAREN L. O`BRIEN Department of Sociology and Human
... impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 717-743. Leichenko, R. and K. O’Brien. 2006. Climate Change Adaptation: Is a Winners and Losers Fra ...
... impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 717-743. Leichenko, R. and K. O’Brien. 2006. Climate Change Adaptation: Is a Winners and Losers Fra ...
Industrialized-Country Mitigation Policy and Resource Transfers to
... leads to developing country participation, for example, generally will be judged better than a “good” agreement (e.g. strict accountability) that results in lesser participation and commitment in the future. In other words, path dependence dynamics must be taken into account when making current deci ...
... leads to developing country participation, for example, generally will be judged better than a “good” agreement (e.g. strict accountability) that results in lesser participation and commitment in the future. In other words, path dependence dynamics must be taken into account when making current deci ...
Assessing Future Climate Risks
... aware of what type of information is needed to apply the results to planning or policy. In some cases, qualitative information may be all that is needed. For instance, in a region under water stress, an indication that drought risks are likely to increase in the future may be sufficient to warrant a ...
... aware of what type of information is needed to apply the results to planning or policy. In some cases, qualitative information may be all that is needed. For instance, in a region under water stress, an indication that drought risks are likely to increase in the future may be sufficient to warrant a ...
Climate change impacts on snow water availability in the Euphrates
... perhaps increased) levels of snow-generated runoff to maintain the cultural and economical benefits of water use in the basin. Hence climate change, either on its own or when combined with other factors in the long term may provide conditions for conflict between the riparian countries within the E- ...
... perhaps increased) levels of snow-generated runoff to maintain the cultural and economical benefits of water use in the basin. Hence climate change, either on its own or when combined with other factors in the long term may provide conditions for conflict between the riparian countries within the E- ...
Nitrous Oxide from Agricultural Sources: Potential Role in Greenhouse Gas Emission
... Gases other than carbon dioxide accounted for nearly 15% of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2008, yet there has been minimal discussion of these other greenhouse gases in climate and energy legislative initiatives. Reducing emissions from non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases, such as nitrous o ...
... Gases other than carbon dioxide accounted for nearly 15% of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2008, yet there has been minimal discussion of these other greenhouse gases in climate and energy legislative initiatives. Reducing emissions from non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases, such as nitrous o ...
O b s e rved Impacts climate change in the U.S.
... 6) The findings that climate change is affecting U.S. biological systems are consistent across different geographic scales and a variety of species, and these U.S. impacts reflect global trends. Even against a backg round of apparently dominating forces such as direct human-driven habitat destructi ...
... 6) The findings that climate change is affecting U.S. biological systems are consistent across different geographic scales and a variety of species, and these U.S. impacts reflect global trends. Even against a backg round of apparently dominating forces such as direct human-driven habitat destructi ...
The Construction of Global Warming and the Politics of Science
... the World Meteorological Organization’s 1985 Villach conference, at which years of previous scientific research and technical debate crystallized into one of the first widely publicized warnings about an anthropogenically enhanced greenhouse effect due to rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2 ...
... the World Meteorological Organization’s 1985 Villach conference, at which years of previous scientific research and technical debate crystallized into one of the first widely publicized warnings about an anthropogenically enhanced greenhouse effect due to rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2 ...
PAK-INDC
... increase in the emissions has been approximately 123 percent, with energy and agriculture sectors accounting for about 90 percent of total emissions. While the historical trend of increase in emissions has so far been fairly consistent, the envisaged economic growth and increasingly conducive macro- ...
... increase in the emissions has been approximately 123 percent, with energy and agriculture sectors accounting for about 90 percent of total emissions. While the historical trend of increase in emissions has so far been fairly consistent, the envisaged economic growth and increasingly conducive macro- ...
argue - DLR ELIB
... and spatial distributions) and in their abilities, per unit change in atmospheric concentration, to affect climate or ozone. Despite the widely varying characteristics of the emitted substances, there is often a requirement to place their impacts on a common scale, to allow some kind of direct compa ...
... and spatial distributions) and in their abilities, per unit change in atmospheric concentration, to affect climate or ozone. Despite the widely varying characteristics of the emitted substances, there is often a requirement to place their impacts on a common scale, to allow some kind of direct compa ...
Arctic Paleoclimate Synthesis Thematic Papers
... As the planet cooled from peak warmth in the early Cenozoic, extensive Northern Hemisphere ice sheets developed by 2.6 Ma ago, leading to changes in the circulation of both the atmosphere and oceans. From w2.6 to w1.0 Ma ago, ice sheets came and went about every 41 ka, in pace with cycles in the til ...
... As the planet cooled from peak warmth in the early Cenozoic, extensive Northern Hemisphere ice sheets developed by 2.6 Ma ago, leading to changes in the circulation of both the atmosphere and oceans. From w2.6 to w1.0 Ma ago, ice sheets came and went about every 41 ka, in pace with cycles in the til ...
Conceptual framework: Definitions for key concepts
... Impacts are measurable outcomes of (or system responses to) climate dynamics and climate hazards, and are typically modulated by changes in biogeophysical and social systems. Impact categories covered by the case studies in CIRCE might include: health (e.g., mortality due to heat stress; hospital ad ...
... Impacts are measurable outcomes of (or system responses to) climate dynamics and climate hazards, and are typically modulated by changes in biogeophysical and social systems. Impact categories covered by the case studies in CIRCE might include: health (e.g., mortality due to heat stress; hospital ad ...
Climate Potential in Spanish regions: analysis and its
... Spain enjoys a very active tourism sector owing to its historical towns, its mountains and extensive coastlines. The maintenance of this activity and the promotion of tourists’ satisfaction are of essential importance to the country, not only through the image it projects, but also because tourism m ...
... Spain enjoys a very active tourism sector owing to its historical towns, its mountains and extensive coastlines. The maintenance of this activity and the promotion of tourists’ satisfaction are of essential importance to the country, not only through the image it projects, but also because tourism m ...
Australians` views of climate change
... 1. The extent of community belief in Australia that climate change is happening, and whether it is attributable to human activity. A majority of Australians accept that climate change is happening. The size of this majority depends on how the question is put to respondents. When respondents are aske ...
... 1. The extent of community belief in Australia that climate change is happening, and whether it is attributable to human activity. A majority of Australians accept that climate change is happening. The size of this majority depends on how the question is put to respondents. When respondents are aske ...
Engaging Science and Managing Scientific Uncertainty in Urban
... initiatives from the local to the global. In adaptation, assessments contribute to success since they provide information to decision-makers about future conditions with the goal of reducing risk and vulnerability. From a practical standpoint, assessments facilitate the selection of adaptation optio ...
... initiatives from the local to the global. In adaptation, assessments contribute to success since they provide information to decision-makers about future conditions with the goal of reducing risk and vulnerability. From a practical standpoint, assessments facilitate the selection of adaptation optio ...
1950-2100
... Greece and North Africa will have a more intense heating during 2021-2050 whereas Turkey will have equally intense heating during both periods ...
... Greece and North Africa will have a more intense heating during 2021-2050 whereas Turkey will have equally intense heating during both periods ...
CCC energy policy redraft 7 1 1
... carbon budgets that the UK Government should set in the long run and the short run. The CCC is the first environmental body of its kind. It seems to have been inspired by the model of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Bank of England, in trying to solve a time-inconsistency problem that lim ...
... carbon budgets that the UK Government should set in the long run and the short run. The CCC is the first environmental body of its kind. It seems to have been inspired by the model of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Bank of England, in trying to solve a time-inconsistency problem that lim ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""