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Chapter 12: Infection Control
Chapter 12: Infection Control

...  Direct Contact: spread by physical (hands) or sexual contact  Indirect Contact: from contaminated substances to the person (food, air droplets, insects, clothing, instruments 5. Portal of Entry  Way to enter a new reservoir or host  Examples: breaks in skin or mucous membranes, respiratory trac ...
Epidemiology
Epidemiology

... epidemic • Gradual rise likely contagious ...
Causes of Disease
Causes of Disease

... More about Infectious Disease The ability of one person or organism to transfer the infection to another person or organism describes a communicable disease  Some diseases do not transfer well from one individual to another  A highly infectious disease may stay in one kind of organism ...
Non-Specific Host Defense Lecture
Non-Specific Host Defense Lecture

... resistance or susceptibility to the parasite Pathogenicity varies greatly among individual pathogens. The quantitative measure of pathogenicity is VIRULENCE VIRULENCE = expressed as the cell number (pathogens) that will elicit a pathogenic response in the host within a given time period. NEITHER Vir ...
OSHA
OSHA

... Bloodborne Pathogens: pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ...
Bloodborne Pathogens
Bloodborne Pathogens

... If you work with or around blood and body fluids, you may be exposed to bloodborne pathogens, including HIV, hepatitis B and C, and others. These diseases are caused by pathogenic material that has been transmitted by exchange of body fluids. Most transmission of bloodborne pathogens occurs through ...
Document
Document

... Introduction to Host-Microbe Interactions ...
Infectious Disease and the Immune System Ch. 39
Infectious Disease and the Immune System Ch. 39

... dramatic increase in a new or uncommon disease ex. SARS • Pandemic Disease: global spread of disease ex. HIV/AIDS; H1N1 ...
Host Parasite Relationship OBJECTIVES
Host Parasite Relationship OBJECTIVES

... Virulence is measured by the Lethal dose 50 (LD50) which is the number of organisms or mg. of toxins that will kill 50% of susceptible lab. animal ( usually mice ) when injected into such animal. When the LD 50 is small, the microorganism is considered highly virulent and when it is high the organis ...
Infectious Diseases
Infectious Diseases

...  Avoid and survive attack by the host’s immune system ...
The Chain of Infection
The Chain of Infection

... time and at the right place for better results. It makes it easier to optimize resources to efficiently prevent the spread of pathogens. Eliminating just one these steps will break the chain, making it much less likely — if not impossible — for infection to spread. Break the chain of infection with ...
Bacterial disease
Bacterial disease

... The nature of bacterial disease The symptoms of the disease depen on the site of infection, toxic products of pathogens and the abbility of the host to combat the immune system  Disease may be acute or chronic or asymptomatic ...
Approaches to Emerging Diseases
Approaches to Emerging Diseases

... Phylogenetic distance between reservoir and new host – Best transmission: within a species – Pathogens are more likely to cross between closely related species than distant ones • Close relatives: cattle  sheep ...
796478COMMUNICABLE_DISEASES
796478COMMUNICABLE_DISEASES

...  Need living cells to reproduce. ...
Concepts of Infectious Diseases
Concepts of Infectious Diseases

... presentations of illness – witness the first presentations of AIDS, West Nile virus or Legionnaire’s Disease. Most infections are, however, subclinical and are detected only when serologic or other sensitive assays become available for recognition of past exposure. This concept is often referred to ...
Concepts of Infectious Diseases
Concepts of Infectious Diseases

... presentations of illness – witness the first presentations of AIDS, West Nile virus or Legionnaire’s Disease. Most infections are, however, subclinical and are detected only when serologic or other sensitive assays become available for recognition of past exposure. This concept is often referred to ...
lecture3-host
lecture3-host

... (LD50) which is the number of organisms or mg. of toxins that will kill 50% of susceptible lab. animal – usually mice – when injected into such animal. When the LD 50 is small, the microorganism is considered highly virulent and when it is high the organism is said to be of low virulence. ...
conceptsID_Lowy
conceptsID_Lowy

... presentations of illness – witness the first presentations of AIDS, West Nile virus or Legionnaire’s Disease. Most infections are, however, subclinical and are detected only when serologic or other sensitive assays become available for recognition of past exposure. This concept is often referred to ...
Concepts of Infectious Diseases
Concepts of Infectious Diseases

... presentations of illness – witness the first presentations of AIDS, West Nile virus or Legionnaire’s Disease. Most infections are, however, subclinical and are detected only when serologic or other sensitive assays become available for recognition of past exposure. This concept is often referred to ...
Document
Document

... Germs cause many diseases in humans. ...
L11 Transmission of infectious diseases
L11 Transmission of infectious diseases

... EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE EPIDEMIOLOGISTS STUDY THE OUTBREAK AND PATTERN OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES TO DETERMINE THE FACTORS WHICH AFFECT THE SPREAD OF ...
Viruses - Effingham County Schools
Viruses - Effingham County Schools

... Each type of virus can infect only certain hosts. For example, a bacteriophage is a virus that only infects bacteria. The virus uses its capsid to attach to the host cell , like a key fitting a lock. There are 3 viral structures: bacteriophage, tobacco mossaic, and influenza. ...
4-host parasite rela..
4-host parasite rela..

... (LD50) which is the number of organisms or mg. of toxins that will kill 50% of susceptible lab. animal – usually mice – when injected into such animal. When the LD 50 is small, the microorganism is considered highly virulent and when it is high the organism is said to be of low virulence. ...
$doc.title

... antigenic  variation;  Concept  of  chronic  vs  acute  infections  and   relationship  between  specific  fungi/parasites   Evaluation   In  class  short  answer  exam   COMMON  THEMES  OF  INFECTIOUS  DISEASE   Long  term  residency  in   Con ...
Diseases Powerpoint
Diseases Powerpoint

... other living things (Lice, ticks)* prevention best, (don’t share brushes, use medicated shampoo, wear protective clothing in wooded areas, etc… ...
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Cross-species transmission

Cross-species transmission (CST) is the phenomenon of transfer of viral infection from one species, usually a similar species, to another. Often seen in emerging viruses where one species transfers to another which in turn transfers to humans. Examples include HIV-AIDS, SARS, Ebola, Swine flu, rabies, and Bird flu.The exact mechanism that facilitates the transfer is unknown, however, it is believed that viruses with a rapid mutation rate are able to overcome host-specific immunological defenses. This can occur between species that have high contact rates. It can also occur between species with low contact rates but usually through an intermediary species. Bats, for example, are mammals and can directly transfer rabies to humans through bite and also through aerosolization of bat salvia and urine which are then absorbed by human mucous membranes in the nose, mouth and eyes.Similarity between species, for example, transfer between mammals, is believed to be facilitated by similar immunological defenses. Other factors include geographic area, intraspecies behaviours, and phylogenetic relatedness. Virus emergence relies on two factors: initial infection and sustained transmission.
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