Document
... More than 150 zoonoses have been recognized In recent years several new zoonotic diseases have emerged E.g. KFD, Monkey Pox etc., Apart from morbidity and mortality they cause great economic losses Particularly in animals, meat, milk and other foods and products of animal origin ...
... More than 150 zoonoses have been recognized In recent years several new zoonotic diseases have emerged E.g. KFD, Monkey Pox etc., Apart from morbidity and mortality they cause great economic losses Particularly in animals, meat, milk and other foods and products of animal origin ...
specific viral disease of cattle
... 1. Shallow erosions present on the entrance of the nostrils, mouth, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, rumen omasum, abomasum caecum and less frequently in Peyer's patches in the small intestine. 2. Erythema of the mucosa with submucosal haemorrhage in the abomasum, small intestine, caecum and colon. Stri ...
... 1. Shallow erosions present on the entrance of the nostrils, mouth, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, rumen omasum, abomasum caecum and less frequently in Peyer's patches in the small intestine. 2. Erythema of the mucosa with submucosal haemorrhage in the abomasum, small intestine, caecum and colon. Stri ...
this PDF file - The Journal of Infection in Developing
... personnel, who are the main determinants of compliance with IPC measures. Hugonnet et al. 23 demonstrated an association between a low nurse-topatient ratio and increased risk of HAIs and estimated that 30% of infections could be prevented with a ratio of > 2.2 nurses to every patient. In LMICs, t ...
... personnel, who are the main determinants of compliance with IPC measures. Hugonnet et al. 23 demonstrated an association between a low nurse-topatient ratio and increased risk of HAIs and estimated that 30% of infections could be prevented with a ratio of > 2.2 nurses to every patient. In LMICs, t ...
SNAP® Parvo
... The disease is transmitted to healthy animals either by direct contagion from an infected animal eliminating the virus in its faeces, vomit or urine, or by indirect contagion through contaminated objects or food. Clinically, puppies are normally infected before the age of 5-6 months. There is an ext ...
... The disease is transmitted to healthy animals either by direct contagion from an infected animal eliminating the virus in its faeces, vomit or urine, or by indirect contagion through contaminated objects or food. Clinically, puppies are normally infected before the age of 5-6 months. There is an ext ...
Animals in longterm care facilities
... There have been no reported outbreaks of disease attributed to visitation programs….. but would the current system realistically detect animal involvement in disease? ...
... There have been no reported outbreaks of disease attributed to visitation programs….. but would the current system realistically detect animal involvement in disease? ...
Infection Control DENT 133
... Unprotected contact with an infectious lesion or infected body fluids such as blood, saliva, semen & other secretions. Diseases such as Hepatitis, herpes, HIV, TB are spread through direct contact. ...
... Unprotected contact with an infectious lesion or infected body fluids such as blood, saliva, semen & other secretions. Diseases such as Hepatitis, herpes, HIV, TB are spread through direct contact. ...
Persistent C. pneumoniae infection in atherosclerotic
... azithromycin. In the latter study, mice were treated on days 3, 4, and 5 after the third infection and once a week for five subsequent weeks (Blessing, et al., 2005). Neither treatment regimen had any beneficial effects on C. pneumoniae accelerated atherosclerosis. In the first study, at the endpoin ...
... azithromycin. In the latter study, mice were treated on days 3, 4, and 5 after the third infection and once a week for five subsequent weeks (Blessing, et al., 2005). Neither treatment regimen had any beneficial effects on C. pneumoniae accelerated atherosclerosis. In the first study, at the endpoin ...
OCCG Core Policy 1 Infection Control Policy and Programme
... These guidelines are based on evidence and local resistance patterns and so their prudent use will help to reduce the risk of infections from MRSA, Clostridium difficile and other resistant bacteria. Where sensitivities show a choice of antimicrobials, the one with the least risk to predispose patie ...
... These guidelines are based on evidence and local resistance patterns and so their prudent use will help to reduce the risk of infections from MRSA, Clostridium difficile and other resistant bacteria. Where sensitivities show a choice of antimicrobials, the one with the least risk to predispose patie ...
Annex 6 - Defra Science Search
... when eating out; this is particularly important for high risk populations such as the elderly or pregnant women. 1.6 Parasites Many types of parasites are foodborne, and humans can become infected following the ingestion of infected or contaminated meat, fish, molluscs, vegetables, fruit, or product ...
... when eating out; this is particularly important for high risk populations such as the elderly or pregnant women. 1.6 Parasites Many types of parasites are foodborne, and humans can become infected following the ingestion of infected or contaminated meat, fish, molluscs, vegetables, fruit, or product ...
Isolated Splenic Cat Scratch Disease in an
... seen. CSD mainly occurs in immunocompetent hosts, whereas bacillary angiomatosis mainly affects immunocompromised persons, especially those with HIV infection [6]. CSD, which was first described in 1950 [7], typically begins with a localized papule that appears 3–5 days after a cat scratch and progr ...
... seen. CSD mainly occurs in immunocompetent hosts, whereas bacillary angiomatosis mainly affects immunocompromised persons, especially those with HIV infection [6]. CSD, which was first described in 1950 [7], typically begins with a localized papule that appears 3–5 days after a cat scratch and progr ...
Clinical Presentations of Parvovirus B19 Infection
... four to 10 years of age,7 although a less-pronounced rash can occur in adults. Prodromal symptoms are mild and include fever, coryza, headache, and nausea. The first stage of the rash (Figure 1A8) presents as erythema of the cheeks (“slapped-cheek” rash) with circumoral pallor. After one to four day ...
... four to 10 years of age,7 although a less-pronounced rash can occur in adults. Prodromal symptoms are mild and include fever, coryza, headache, and nausea. The first stage of the rash (Figure 1A8) presents as erythema of the cheeks (“slapped-cheek” rash) with circumoral pallor. After one to four day ...
Signs of BJD - Department of Agriculture and Food
... diarrhoea leading to deaths in mature cattle. It causes reduced production levels even before the animal is noticeably unwell. BJD is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (cattle, sheep and bison strains), commonly referred to as Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The bac ...
... diarrhoea leading to deaths in mature cattle. It causes reduced production levels even before the animal is noticeably unwell. BJD is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (cattle, sheep and bison strains), commonly referred to as Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The bac ...
Draft of Notification and Control of Diseases affecting Terrestrial
... c) a laboratory which must be used for testing, d) the frequency with which tests are to be conducted, e) the number, type and age of animal to be tested or subjected to other analysis, f) the administration of vaccines, g) bio-security measures, h) isolation of animals, and i) other measures to be ...
... c) a laboratory which must be used for testing, d) the frequency with which tests are to be conducted, e) the number, type and age of animal to be tested or subjected to other analysis, f) the administration of vaccines, g) bio-security measures, h) isolation of animals, and i) other measures to be ...
West Nile virus - Home Health Monitoring Products
... in children, there are a number of cases that progress to serious life-threatening states of the disease. As IgM to HHV-6 can cross react with a number of other viral antigens such as CMV and EBV, testing of both HHV-6 IgG and IgM affords the physician with a clearer picture as to whether an individ ...
... in children, there are a number of cases that progress to serious life-threatening states of the disease. As IgM to HHV-6 can cross react with a number of other viral antigens such as CMV and EBV, testing of both HHV-6 IgG and IgM affords the physician with a clearer picture as to whether an individ ...
Kennel Cough - Greyhound Racing NSW
... the most important being space and ventilation, biosecurity and quarantine protocols. If your greyhound appears unwell for any reason, isolate it and do not travel with it to other properties or race tracks. Most cases of kennel cough will resolve on their own within one to two weeks. However, dogs ...
... the most important being space and ventilation, biosecurity and quarantine protocols. If your greyhound appears unwell for any reason, isolate it and do not travel with it to other properties or race tracks. Most cases of kennel cough will resolve on their own within one to two weeks. However, dogs ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.