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What are stars?
What are stars?

... - We know now that the stars in a constellation are not necessarily very close together, but appear to be due to our line of sight - Examples – Orion, Ursa Major (Big Dipper) ...
Answer titese questions on a piece of loose leaf paper.
Answer titese questions on a piece of loose leaf paper.

... 13. Within the main sequence, surface temperatures increase as absolute brightness ...
22 October: The Formation of Stars
22 October: The Formation of Stars

... (spectral class O), we know they are young. • With fairly simple observations, we can find groups of O and B stars (OB associations) ...
Lecture 7 Stars and Galaxies and Nebula, (Oh My!) Feb 18 2003
Lecture 7 Stars and Galaxies and Nebula, (Oh My!) Feb 18 2003

... Outer layers of gas are blown off from the core of a star. The core often goes on to become a white dwarf. The eject gas is illuminated by the remaining star. This is the fate of most stars, including our own Sun. ...
Explorations of the Universe
Explorations of the Universe

Stars and Galaxies
Stars and Galaxies

... And then there’s M31, the Andromeda galaxy — the most distant object that’s readily visible to human eyes. This great amalgamation of stars stands almost directly overhead late this evening. When viewed from a dark skywatching location, far from city lights, it looks like a faint, fuzzy blob. But th ...
F03HW09
F03HW09

... Why are earth-based parallax measurements limited to the nearest stars? Parallax measurements are limited because we measure the motion of a star due to the motion of Earth around the sun. Earth’s orbit is so small compared to the distance to stars that even the nearest stars show very small apparen ...
2nd Semester Exam Study Guide
2nd Semester Exam Study Guide

... - light shifted toward the blue end of the spectrum; shows that the star is moving toward Earth 6. According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe is expanding and galaxies are moving away from the Milky Way galaxy. 7. After the Big Bang occurred, many atoms of hydrogen and helium formed when tempera ...
PowerPoint - Earth Science with Mrs. Wilson
PowerPoint - Earth Science with Mrs. Wilson

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Lecture 1 The Big Picture: Origin of the Earth

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Stars and Galaxies

... • Stars more massive than our Sun may be main sequence stars for only 10 million years • Stars less massive than our Sun may be main sequence stars for 100’s of billions of years • Remember: the larger the star the shorter the life span, the smaller the star the longer the life span ...
Introduction to Astronomy
Introduction to Astronomy

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REVIEW: STAR`S TEST

... What force causes particles of stellar dust to become attracted to each other ? ____gravity_____ The most widely held astronomical theory about the origin of the universe is the ...
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The Hot-plate Model of a Star Model of Stars— 3 Oct

... hot-plate get to my hand? What are two ways to make a hot plate produce more energy per second? (The same question applies to a star: What are two ways to make a star brighter or more luminous?) What can I do to make the same hot-plate at the same setting burn my hand and not burn my hand? ...
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Sun, Star Types and Luminosity

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... B) The gas planets are farther from the Sun than the four inner planets C) All the planets orbit in the same direction D) The orbits of Pluto and the other distant dwarf planets are tilted in different directions. 30) Planets orbiting other stars are hard to detect because they A) only reflect light ...
Supernovae, Neutron Stars, Black Holes
Supernovae, Neutron Stars, Black Holes

... Triggering the Formation of the Solar System --- New data from meteorites indicates that formation of the Solar System was triggered by a supernova. Written by G. Jeffrey Taylor Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology One of the most amazing discoveries in space science is the unambiguous ev ...
15 Billion
15 Billion

... of Moon. Oldest fossils are about 3.8 by old. f. Mathematical models predict that stars the size of the Sun will undergo nuclear fusion in their core. g. All galaxies are red-shifting, i.e., the universe is expanding. Cosmic background radiation, a remnant of the big bang, is observed. h. Hubble spa ...
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Celestial Bodies

Oceanography Chapter 1 – “Origins”
Oceanography Chapter 1 – “Origins”

... Red Shifted = moving away Blue Shifted = moving towards ...
Stars and the Sun
Stars and the Sun

... • Runs out of He, core shrinks, outer layers float into space (planetary nebula) • Core left over, small and hot (white dwarf) • Eventually fuses up to carbon, ends as small cold ball of carbon (black dwarf) ...
Place the stars in the proper sequence, following the
Place the stars in the proper sequence, following the

... Along the main sequence, stars of greater magnitude are hotter (have more energy) c. How is a star’s luminosity related to its energy? For main-sequence stars, the luminosity increases with temperature. For the giants and super-giants, large (high magnitude) and luminous stars are actually quite coo ...
What Can We See in the Night Sky?
What Can We See in the Night Sky?

... remember “Arc to Arcturus, then speed on to Spica” ...
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4 x What Powers the Sun? • Need to provide

... 1.4 < Mfinal < 3M ...
Mason_Engines of Cha..
Mason_Engines of Cha..

... Galaxy and beyond Test General Relativity under extreme conditions ...
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Future of an expanding universe

Observations suggest that the expansion of the universe will continue forever. If so, the universe will cool as it expands, eventually becoming too cold to sustain life. For this reason, this future scenario is popularly called the Big Freeze.If dark energy—represented by the cosmological constant, a constant energy density filling space homogeneously, or scalar fields, such as quintessence or moduli, dynamic quantities whose energy density can vary in time and space—accelerates the expansion of the universe, then the space between clusters of galaxies will grow at an increasing rate. Redshift will stretch ancient, incoming photons (even gamma rays) to undetectably long wavelengths and low energies. Stars are expected to form normally for 1012 to 1014 (1–100 trillion) years, but eventually the supply of gas needed for star formation will be exhausted. And as existing stars run out of fuel and cease to shine, the universe will slowly and inexorably grow darker, one star at a time. According to theories that predict proton decay, the stellar remnants left behind will disappear, leaving behind only black holes, which themselves eventually disappear as they emit Hawking radiation. Ultimately, if the universe reaches a state in which the temperature approaches a uniform value, no further work will be possible, resulting in a final heat death of the universe.
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