Liver X Receptor Agonists as Potential Therapeutic Agents for
... of LXR antagonists in humans. It has recently been demonstrated that n-3 fatty acids, the major constituents of fish oil, are LXR antagonists35,36 (Figure 1). Dietary n-3 fatty acids have long been known to decrease serum triglyceride in humans,37 an effect consistent with the triglyceride-raising e ...
... of LXR antagonists in humans. It has recently been demonstrated that n-3 fatty acids, the major constituents of fish oil, are LXR antagonists35,36 (Figure 1). Dietary n-3 fatty acids have long been known to decrease serum triglyceride in humans,37 an effect consistent with the triglyceride-raising e ...
2/10/2015 Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) – Plant Precursor to THC
... Effects last 2 3 hours or less if smoked longer if taken orally Effects last 2‐3 hours or less if smoked – longer if taken orally Smoking/vaporizing allows titration of desired dose Distribution Accumulates in lipophilic tissues ...
... Effects last 2 3 hours or less if smoked longer if taken orally Effects last 2‐3 hours or less if smoked – longer if taken orally Smoking/vaporizing allows titration of desired dose Distribution Accumulates in lipophilic tissues ...
Study of the interaction between 3,4- methylenedioximethamphetamine and the endocannabinoid system
... 1.2. Habitual drug use and drug dependence. After repeated administration the effects of a drug diminish, and is necessary to increase the dose to produce the same effect. This process is known as tolerance. Tolerance may develop to some of the effects of a drug but not to others. The reverse situat ...
... 1.2. Habitual drug use and drug dependence. After repeated administration the effects of a drug diminish, and is necessary to increase the dose to produce the same effect. This process is known as tolerance. Tolerance may develop to some of the effects of a drug but not to others. The reverse situat ...
Opioids analgesics and antagonists
... no analgesic activity at all competitive antagonist at mu, kappa, and sigma receptor displaces morphine and other OPIOID from receptor site reverses all actions of the OPIOID and does it rather quickly it will precipitate withdrawal person on heroin, then naloxone will precipitate withdrawal, but na ...
... no analgesic activity at all competitive antagonist at mu, kappa, and sigma receptor displaces morphine and other OPIOID from receptor site reverses all actions of the OPIOID and does it rather quickly it will precipitate withdrawal person on heroin, then naloxone will precipitate withdrawal, but na ...
Butorphanol-Mediated Antinociception in Mice: Partial Agonist
... Clinically, opioids are most commonly used to provide relief of moderate-to-severe pain. The analgesics used for this purpose are predominantly mu agonists, although some effective analgesics possess significant activity at other opioid receptors. A vast number of analogs and congeners have been syn ...
... Clinically, opioids are most commonly used to provide relief of moderate-to-severe pain. The analgesics used for this purpose are predominantly mu agonists, although some effective analgesics possess significant activity at other opioid receptors. A vast number of analogs and congeners have been syn ...
Chloroxylenol - The American Cleaning Institute
... studies. However, there is no clear need for an oral carcinogenicity study; the dermal carcinogenicity study provides a meaningful assessment of cancer risk from systemic exposures. Moreover, the relevant pathway of exposure for chloroxylenol is limited to dermal exposures, for which cancer risk is ...
... studies. However, there is no clear need for an oral carcinogenicity study; the dermal carcinogenicity study provides a meaningful assessment of cancer risk from systemic exposures. Moreover, the relevant pathway of exposure for chloroxylenol is limited to dermal exposures, for which cancer risk is ...
REVIEWS
... ABCA1 promotes the efflux of free cholesterol and phospholipids from cells to lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) to generate nascent HDL particles. ABCA1 seems to act as a lipid translocase, increasing the availability of phospholipids and cholesterol at the cell surface. Lipid-poor apoA-I inter ...
... ABCA1 promotes the efflux of free cholesterol and phospholipids from cells to lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) to generate nascent HDL particles. ABCA1 seems to act as a lipid translocase, increasing the availability of phospholipids and cholesterol at the cell surface. Lipid-poor apoA-I inter ...
Acetaminophen
... medicinal use of acetaminophen. However, in light of the widespread use of this drug, it seems to be a very rare side-effect, and will probably represent a negligible risk at the low exposure doses from cosmetics. ii) Acetaminophen is commonly used and the recommended daily drug dose has the potenti ...
... medicinal use of acetaminophen. However, in light of the widespread use of this drug, it seems to be a very rare side-effect, and will probably represent a negligible risk at the low exposure doses from cosmetics. ii) Acetaminophen is commonly used and the recommended daily drug dose has the potenti ...
American Society of Clinical Oncology Guideline for Antiemetics in
... Prepublication copies of two additional systematic reviews were made available to the Update Committee by the Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence-Based Care8 and the Oregon Evidence-Based Practice Center, respectively.9 The Update Committee also considered carefully the guidelines and consensus ...
... Prepublication copies of two additional systematic reviews were made available to the Update Committee by the Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence-Based Care8 and the Oregon Evidence-Based Practice Center, respectively.9 The Update Committee also considered carefully the guidelines and consensus ...
The biochemical effects of ivermectin on reproductive hormones and
... return to their normal values on the 90th day following the injection. Further, IVM injection significantly increased serum progesterone, prolactin and cortisol levels, and these levels returned to control values by the 90th day post injection. Serum sex hormones binding globulin and testosterone we ...
... return to their normal values on the 90th day following the injection. Further, IVM injection significantly increased serum progesterone, prolactin and cortisol levels, and these levels returned to control values by the 90th day post injection. Serum sex hormones binding globulin and testosterone we ...
Dopamine, behavioral economics, and effort
... depletion, and FR4 responding was only transiently and mildly suppressed, the schedules with large ratio requirements (i.e., FR16 and FR64) were severely impaired (Figure 1A). In fact, DA depleted animals responding on the FR64 schedule showed significantly fewer responses than those responding on t ...
... depletion, and FR4 responding was only transiently and mildly suppressed, the schedules with large ratio requirements (i.e., FR16 and FR64) were severely impaired (Figure 1A). In fact, DA depleted animals responding on the FR64 schedule showed significantly fewer responses than those responding on t ...
Journal of Fish Biology (2006) 69, 224–232 doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01102.x, available online at -synergy.com
... that the increased opercular movements resulted directly from increased overall activity. Although swimming behaviour in this study was not quantified, focal rainbow darters were fairly sedentary in the observation chambers, and decreased rather than increased activity is one of the most common respo ...
... that the increased opercular movements resulted directly from increased overall activity. Although swimming behaviour in this study was not quantified, focal rainbow darters were fairly sedentary in the observation chambers, and decreased rather than increased activity is one of the most common respo ...
the neurobiology of nicotine addiction: clinical and public policy
... shrinks with repeated exposure to nicotine. A youth who was able to keep withdrawal in check by smoking one cigarette every few days finds that, over time, he or she must smoke at more and more frequent intervals to keep withdrawal in check. Eventually, most smokers who have ready access to tobacco ...
... shrinks with repeated exposure to nicotine. A youth who was able to keep withdrawal in check by smoking one cigarette every few days finds that, over time, he or she must smoke at more and more frequent intervals to keep withdrawal in check. Eventually, most smokers who have ready access to tobacco ...
KETAMINE - What`s Old is New Again
... • At low doses, the analgesia effects of ketamine are mediated by antagonism on the NMDA receptors. – Evidence for this is reinforced by the fact that naloxene, an opioid antagonist, does not reverse the analgesia. • Studies also seem to indicate that ketamine is 'use dependent' meaning it only init ...
... • At low doses, the analgesia effects of ketamine are mediated by antagonism on the NMDA receptors. – Evidence for this is reinforced by the fact that naloxene, an opioid antagonist, does not reverse the analgesia. • Studies also seem to indicate that ketamine is 'use dependent' meaning it only init ...
150-505-1-SP - Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
... therapeutic managements of ischemic-reperfusion injury are complex due to the fact that the inhibition of inflammation resulting of ischemia-reperfusion injury may impair protective physiological reactions that its result may be associated with immune suppression. So while restoring blood flow to th ...
... therapeutic managements of ischemic-reperfusion injury are complex due to the fact that the inhibition of inflammation resulting of ischemia-reperfusion injury may impair protective physiological reactions that its result may be associated with immune suppression. So while restoring blood flow to th ...
article in press
... programmed. After that, it was investigated the effect of guanosine, flunarizine and cinnarizine on animal models of psychosis, as well as in other behavioral tasks. Guanosine was chosen because it has been shown to interact with the glutamatergic system – which is known to be involved in the pathop ...
... programmed. After that, it was investigated the effect of guanosine, flunarizine and cinnarizine on animal models of psychosis, as well as in other behavioral tasks. Guanosine was chosen because it has been shown to interact with the glutamatergic system – which is known to be involved in the pathop ...
Highly impulsive rats: modelling an endophenotype to determine the
... receptors, and the monoamine oxidase A enzyme (Liu et al., 2011). However, there is also increasing evidence for environmental risk factors in impulsivity, particularly relating to the expression of genetic vulnerability for impulsivity (Bezdjian et al., 2011). For example, a polymorphism in the DA ...
... receptors, and the monoamine oxidase A enzyme (Liu et al., 2011). However, there is also increasing evidence for environmental risk factors in impulsivity, particularly relating to the expression of genetic vulnerability for impulsivity (Bezdjian et al., 2011). For example, a polymorphism in the DA ...
1 Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin (Silybum marianum) on
... The liver is involved in detoxification and elimination of drugs and a liver injury could affects pharmacokinetics parameters of drugs, and increases the risk of adverse drug-effects. Liver injuries induced by APAP is one of the best characterized system of xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity. It is c ...
... The liver is involved in detoxification and elimination of drugs and a liver injury could affects pharmacokinetics parameters of drugs, and increases the risk of adverse drug-effects. Liver injuries induced by APAP is one of the best characterized system of xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity. It is c ...
$doc.title
... Skin—Methamphetamine causes repetitive picking behavior that can result in severe scratching of the face and extremities, and result in severe ...
... Skin—Methamphetamine causes repetitive picking behavior that can result in severe scratching of the face and extremities, and result in severe ...
NIH Public Access
... The goal of the first stage is to develop the parameters of the smoking lapse model such that ‘target model behavior’ is demonstrated. Target model behavior is defined as delaying for 50% of the delay period (which models ability to resist smoking) and choosing 50% of the cigarette options during th ...
... The goal of the first stage is to develop the parameters of the smoking lapse model such that ‘target model behavior’ is demonstrated. Target model behavior is defined as delaying for 50% of the delay period (which models ability to resist smoking) and choosing 50% of the cigarette options during th ...
N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist APV Blocks
... follows a brief high-frequency stimulation of a neural pathway (Bliss & Gardner-Medwin, 1973; Bliss & Lomo, 1973). Because o f the rapidity with which it can be established and because of its longevity, LTP has been proposed as a physiological mechanism for learning and memory (Bliss & Lomo, 1973; L ...
... follows a brief high-frequency stimulation of a neural pathway (Bliss & Gardner-Medwin, 1973; Bliss & Lomo, 1973). Because o f the rapidity with which it can be established and because of its longevity, LTP has been proposed as a physiological mechanism for learning and memory (Bliss & Lomo, 1973; L ...
Jane Houlihan Sean Gray Timothy Kropp, Ph.D. Chris Campbell
... to chemicals known to cause cancer in humans. Notably, natural ingredients are no more likely to have been assessed for safety than synthetic chemicals. Individual ingredients vary tremendously in their ability to soak through the skin. Some absorb in only miniscule amounts, while others can quite e ...
... to chemicals known to cause cancer in humans. Notably, natural ingredients are no more likely to have been assessed for safety than synthetic chemicals. Individual ingredients vary tremendously in their ability to soak through the skin. Some absorb in only miniscule amounts, while others can quite e ...
Potential for Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control:
... control]). The log response ratio (LRR) is one of the most commonly used effect metrics in ecological metaanalysis (Hedges et al., 1999; Lajeunesse and Forbes, 2003). Another commonly used metric, Hedge’s d, requires a measure of sample variability and weights individual studies by this variance. Th ...
... control]). The log response ratio (LRR) is one of the most commonly used effect metrics in ecological metaanalysis (Hedges et al., 1999; Lajeunesse and Forbes, 2003). Another commonly used metric, Hedge’s d, requires a measure of sample variability and weights individual studies by this variance. Th ...
Teratogenicity as a Consequence of Drug-Induced
... symptoms are usually palpitations, fatigue, and vertigo. Although many arrhythmias are benign, others can lead to more serious symptoms needing treatment, especially due to negative effects on the circulation. Cardiac arrhythmias are the result of disturbed electrical activity of the heart and are c ...
... symptoms are usually palpitations, fatigue, and vertigo. Although many arrhythmias are benign, others can lead to more serious symptoms needing treatment, especially due to negative effects on the circulation. Cardiac arrhythmias are the result of disturbed electrical activity of the heart and are c ...
Asif, M., 2015. Pharmacological activities and
... Natural products produced by plants, fungi, bacteria, insects and animals have been isolated as biologically active pharmacophores. Approximately one-third of the drugs in the world is natural products or their derivatives. Moreover, natural products are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry fo ...
... Natural products produced by plants, fungi, bacteria, insects and animals have been isolated as biologically active pharmacophores. Approximately one-third of the drugs in the world is natural products or their derivatives. Moreover, natural products are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry fo ...
Toxicodynamics
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.