The C. elegans model in toxicity testing
... corresponding mammalian LD50s (Williams and Dusenbery, 1988). It was the relative order of toxicity that correlated rather than the concentration, as subsequent studies have also found. This is probably due to robust genetic mechanisms that allow C. elegans to exist and reproduce in a wide variety o ...
... corresponding mammalian LD50s (Williams and Dusenbery, 1988). It was the relative order of toxicity that correlated rather than the concentration, as subsequent studies have also found. This is probably due to robust genetic mechanisms that allow C. elegans to exist and reproduce in a wide variety o ...
Cadmium and liver disease
... to adverse health effects in humans, including liver damages. Liver disease is one of top 10 causes of death around all the world, which mostly reduces the quality of life and longevity for humans. It is important to understand the relationship between liver disease and cadmium exposure in order to ...
... to adverse health effects in humans, including liver damages. Liver disease is one of top 10 causes of death around all the world, which mostly reduces the quality of life and longevity for humans. It is important to understand the relationship between liver disease and cadmium exposure in order to ...
Population dynamic theory of size
... competitively superior was studied by Briggs et al. (2000). In the absence of cannibalism, the competitive superiority of old larvae induces generation cycles. As long as there is a numerically dominant cohort of old larvae in the population, it suppresses the following cohort by causing high starva ...
... competitively superior was studied by Briggs et al. (2000). In the absence of cannibalism, the competitive superiority of old larvae induces generation cycles. As long as there is a numerically dominant cohort of old larvae in the population, it suppresses the following cohort by causing high starva ...
Full-Text PDF
... for apoptosis, hyperacetylated HMGB-1, and MCSFR-1 (Macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor-1) proposed as marker for immune activation (Table 1) [20]. Other proposals included M-30 (apoptosis), M-65 (apoptosis/necrosis), and microRNA-192 (unspecified liver damage) [21]. Some of the proposed b ...
... for apoptosis, hyperacetylated HMGB-1, and MCSFR-1 (Macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor-1) proposed as marker for immune activation (Table 1) [20]. Other proposals included M-30 (apoptosis), M-65 (apoptosis/necrosis), and microRNA-192 (unspecified liver damage) [21]. Some of the proposed b ...
Performance Enhancing Hormone Doping in Sport
... recovery, with each sport employing a distinct combination of these elements. These performance characteristics also correspond to the most potent and effective forms of doping. Sports requiring explosive power are most susceptible to androgen doping through their effect on increasing muscle mass an ...
... recovery, with each sport employing a distinct combination of these elements. These performance characteristics also correspond to the most potent and effective forms of doping. Sports requiring explosive power are most susceptible to androgen doping through their effect on increasing muscle mass an ...
Pharmacologically Active Drug Metabolites: Impact on Drug
... 14. Metronidazole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 15. Morphine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... 14. Metronidazole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 15. Morphine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Mithramycin forms a stable dimeric complex by chelating with Fe(II
... amount of the DNA bound to the SA chip surface, the biotinated oligomer was immobilized manually onto the surface of a streptavidin chip until 1000 RU was reached. The Fe(II) derivative complex of Mith was prepared by the addition of Mith and FeCl2 with a 2:1 ratio. Owing to the lower chelating affi ...
... amount of the DNA bound to the SA chip surface, the biotinated oligomer was immobilized manually onto the surface of a streptavidin chip until 1000 RU was reached. The Fe(II) derivative complex of Mith was prepared by the addition of Mith and FeCl2 with a 2:1 ratio. Owing to the lower chelating affi ...
pharmacological manipulation of cb1 receptor
... control over drinking, leading to tolerance, physical dependfound in the density, binding affinity and function of CB1 ence, uncontrollable craving, and relapse. The effects of alcoreceptors in brain synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) of hol (EtOH) are mediated via several intracellular signal EtOH-pre ...
... control over drinking, leading to tolerance, physical dependfound in the density, binding affinity and function of CB1 ence, uncontrollable craving, and relapse. The effects of alcoreceptors in brain synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) of hol (EtOH) are mediated via several intracellular signal EtOH-pre ...
as a PDF
... control over drinking, leading to tolerance, physical dependfound in the density, binding affinity and function of CB1 ence, uncontrollable craving, and relapse. The effects of alcoreceptors in brain synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) of hol (EtOH) are mediated via several intracellular signal EtOH-pre ...
... control over drinking, leading to tolerance, physical dependfound in the density, binding affinity and function of CB1 ence, uncontrollable craving, and relapse. The effects of alcoreceptors in brain synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) of hol (EtOH) are mediated via several intracellular signal EtOH-pre ...
FACT SHEET on PHTHALATES - Breast Cancer and the
... than males. It is possible that phthalates influence early onset of puberty in girls, but more research needs to be conducted. Phthalates are endocrine disrupters and have been linked to adverse reproductive effects in male rodents. Several studies have shown that phthalate exposure increases the gr ...
... than males. It is possible that phthalates influence early onset of puberty in girls, but more research needs to be conducted. Phthalates are endocrine disrupters and have been linked to adverse reproductive effects in male rodents. Several studies have shown that phthalate exposure increases the gr ...
Title page
... APAP administration will be less sensitive to DMSO. However, our results show that model, in which microsomal enzymes are induced with phenobarbitone for 7 days in drinking water [24, 25], is equally sensitive to DMSO. Beside its effect on APAP metabolism each of these vehicles can change several ot ...
... APAP administration will be less sensitive to DMSO. However, our results show that model, in which microsomal enzymes are induced with phenobarbitone for 7 days in drinking water [24, 25], is equally sensitive to DMSO. Beside its effect on APAP metabolism each of these vehicles can change several ot ...
READ MORE - Seropeutics
... This “shaping” procedure occurred only on the first day of operant training. Only responses on the active levers resulted in gel delivery (0.15 g) and illumination of the house lights for 5 s. The fixed ratio 1 schedule was maintained for 10 days, after which the rats were placed on 30 min fixed ratio ...
... This “shaping” procedure occurred only on the first day of operant training. Only responses on the active levers resulted in gel delivery (0.15 g) and illumination of the house lights for 5 s. The fixed ratio 1 schedule was maintained for 10 days, after which the rats were placed on 30 min fixed ratio ...
RISK PROFILE of acetanilide
... tablets and mixtures (200-600 mg), gel, cream and spray (5 %). Ibuprofen has been used extensively in both oral and topical preparations for years with only few reported severe adverse effects. The use of ibuprofen in cosmetics is limited. However, it is used in some sport massage balms in concentra ...
... tablets and mixtures (200-600 mg), gel, cream and spray (5 %). Ibuprofen has been used extensively in both oral and topical preparations for years with only few reported severe adverse effects. The use of ibuprofen in cosmetics is limited. However, it is used in some sport massage balms in concentra ...
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
... Although the term “stress” commonly bears a negative meaning, an acute stress response is one of the most important mechanisms of an organism to adapt appropriately to challenges and threats in the environment. An acute stress response results in immediate behavioral and physiological changes includ ...
... Although the term “stress” commonly bears a negative meaning, an acute stress response is one of the most important mechanisms of an organism to adapt appropriately to challenges and threats in the environment. An acute stress response results in immediate behavioral and physiological changes includ ...
MARAM IWS_DEC11_ALL_1 (Document list)
... MARAM IWS/DEC11/H/SPLIT/BG1: J.D. Gaylard and M.O. Bergh. A species splitting mechanism for application to the commercial hake catch data 1978 to 2003. OLRAC 2004. MARAM IWS/DEC11/H/SPLIT/BG2: J.D. Gaylard and M.O. Bergh. Update of the hake species split models in the light of more recent survey dat ...
... MARAM IWS/DEC11/H/SPLIT/BG1: J.D. Gaylard and M.O. Bergh. A species splitting mechanism for application to the commercial hake catch data 1978 to 2003. OLRAC 2004. MARAM IWS/DEC11/H/SPLIT/BG2: J.D. Gaylard and M.O. Bergh. Update of the hake species split models in the light of more recent survey dat ...
lec8.Treatment of Cough
... Afferent ناقل لالشاره نحو المركز ( المخ او الحبل الشكوكي ) مهمهconduction from these receptors is via fibers in the vagus nerve; central components of the reflex probably involve several mechanisms or centres that are distinct تختلف عنfrom the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respirat ...
... Afferent ناقل لالشاره نحو المركز ( المخ او الحبل الشكوكي ) مهمهconduction from these receptors is via fibers in the vagus nerve; central components of the reflex probably involve several mechanisms or centres that are distinct تختلف عنfrom the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respirat ...
Ecological Risk Assessment of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon
... socioeconomic consequences will be assessed separately using the results of the ecological risk assessment. It also addresses only the current state of the system and management measures that were in place during the scoping of the risk assessment (baseline year = 2014). It does not assess effective ...
... socioeconomic consequences will be assessed separately using the results of the ecological risk assessment. It also addresses only the current state of the system and management measures that were in place during the scoping of the risk assessment (baseline year = 2014). It does not assess effective ...
Reinforcement, Dopamine and Rodent Models in Drug
... (LTP) of corticostriatal synapses [78, 79]. Similarly, stimulation of the substantia nigra pars compacta in vivo induces ...
... (LTP) of corticostriatal synapses [78, 79]. Similarly, stimulation of the substantia nigra pars compacta in vivo induces ...
Hypoglycemic mechanism of ginseng glycopeptide1
... in aerobic glycolysis (tricarboxylic acid cycle). The increase in the activities of these rate-limiting enzymes will certainly speed up the utilization of glucose, which in turn will lower down the level of plasma glucose. Therefore, hypoglycemic activity of GGP may be realized mainly due to increas ...
... in aerobic glycolysis (tricarboxylic acid cycle). The increase in the activities of these rate-limiting enzymes will certainly speed up the utilization of glucose, which in turn will lower down the level of plasma glucose. Therefore, hypoglycemic activity of GGP may be realized mainly due to increas ...
Drug-induced psychomimetic effects as a model for psychosis
... Following the introduction of clozapine, several other drugs were developed with different, ‘atypical’, working mechanisms (e.g. olanzapine, risperidone, quatiapine). The definition of ‘atypical’ is very varied and can refer to the occurrence of extra-pyramidal side effects, the relative affinity f ...
... Following the introduction of clozapine, several other drugs were developed with different, ‘atypical’, working mechanisms (e.g. olanzapine, risperidone, quatiapine). The definition of ‘atypical’ is very varied and can refer to the occurrence of extra-pyramidal side effects, the relative affinity f ...
Chondroitin Sulphate: Antioxidant Properties and Beneficial Effects
... Abstract: Most biological molecules exhibit more than one function. In particular, many molecules have the ability to directly/indirectly scavenge free radicals and thus act in living organisms as antioxidant. During oxidative stress, the increase of these molecules levels seems to be a biological r ...
... Abstract: Most biological molecules exhibit more than one function. In particular, many molecules have the ability to directly/indirectly scavenge free radicals and thus act in living organisms as antioxidant. During oxidative stress, the increase of these molecules levels seems to be a biological r ...
... may occur [7]. Mediators may act on target cells within the airways to induce features typical of asthma, such as bronchoconstriction, mucus plugging, airway wall oedema through microvascular leakage, eosinophil infiltration and bronchial hyperresponsiveness [8]. Although many mediators are likely t ...
Attack risk for butterflies changes with eyespot number and size
... because they produce aversion in predators [3,10]. Numerous studies support this hypothesis. In a series of experiments with passerine birds, eyespots on the wings of live butterflies were shown to deter predation [12,19,20]. When given the choice between real Junonia almana wings with eyespots vers ...
... because they produce aversion in predators [3,10]. Numerous studies support this hypothesis. In a series of experiments with passerine birds, eyespots on the wings of live butterflies were shown to deter predation [12,19,20]. When given the choice between real Junonia almana wings with eyespots vers ...
comparative studies on the cytochrome p450
... Determination of Selegiline and Its Metabolites. Selegiline and its metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography using nitrogen-selective detection. The assay method is described in detail elsewhere (Taavitsainen et al., 2000). Briefly, samples were made alkaline by adding potassium hydroxide and ...
... Determination of Selegiline and Its Metabolites. Selegiline and its metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography using nitrogen-selective detection. The assay method is described in detail elsewhere (Taavitsainen et al., 2000). Briefly, samples were made alkaline by adding potassium hydroxide and ...
Toxicodynamics
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.