Ch 52 Ecology
... • habitat: place where an organism lives • dispersal: movement of individuals from areas of high population density (or their area of origin) • disruption of existing communities and ecosystems usually occurs ...
... • habitat: place where an organism lives • dispersal: movement of individuals from areas of high population density (or their area of origin) • disruption of existing communities and ecosystems usually occurs ...
Drug Action - people.vcu.edu
... Example: pilocarpine was selective and potent for excitation of parasympathetic nervous system, while atropine was capable of blocking this effect! …… both interact with same component of the cell ...
... Example: pilocarpine was selective and potent for excitation of parasympathetic nervous system, while atropine was capable of blocking this effect! …… both interact with same component of the cell ...
Topics to be Covered
... disappear in response to repeated cocaine use (cellular tolerance) – With repeated consumption, more enzymes are present in liver and blood to break down alcohol, thus less gets to cells (metabolic tolerance) ...
... disappear in response to repeated cocaine use (cellular tolerance) – With repeated consumption, more enzymes are present in liver and blood to break down alcohol, thus less gets to cells (metabolic tolerance) ...
Slide () - Access Emergency Medicine
... CYP2C9 and CYP1A9 to primary metabolites that retain affinity and ability to bind with cannabinoid receptors. One JWH-018 primary metabolite, acts as a antagonist at CB1. Secondary metabolites are formed by conjugation. These metabolites may retain ability to bind to cannabinoid receptors but at thi ...
... CYP2C9 and CYP1A9 to primary metabolites that retain affinity and ability to bind with cannabinoid receptors. One JWH-018 primary metabolite, acts as a antagonist at CB1. Secondary metabolites are formed by conjugation. These metabolites may retain ability to bind to cannabinoid receptors but at thi ...
ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
... The pharmacodynamic principles that aid in the understanding of adrenergic receptors and the actions of drugs on these receptors. ...
... The pharmacodynamic principles that aid in the understanding of adrenergic receptors and the actions of drugs on these receptors. ...
CNS 2 anxiolytics
... excitement, and calms the recipient. • B. A hypnotic drug produces drowsiness and facilitates the onset and maintenance of a state of sleep that resembles natural sleep, and from which the patient can be easily aroused. ...
... excitement, and calms the recipient. • B. A hypnotic drug produces drowsiness and facilitates the onset and maintenance of a state of sleep that resembles natural sleep, and from which the patient can be easily aroused. ...
Consumer
... Biosphere: part of Earth that supports life, including the top portion of Earth’s crust, the atmosphere, and all the water on Earth’s surface Carrying Capacity: largest number of individuals of a particular species that an ecosystem can support over time Commensalism: a type of symbiotic relat ...
... Biosphere: part of Earth that supports life, including the top portion of Earth’s crust, the atmosphere, and all the water on Earth’s surface Carrying Capacity: largest number of individuals of a particular species that an ecosystem can support over time Commensalism: a type of symbiotic relat ...
THESIS OUTLINE
... The sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse constitutes a risk factor for drug dependence. The overall objective of this thesis was to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms of cocaine reinforcement and in particular the role of µ-opioid receptors in cocaine reinforcement. Gener ...
... The sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse constitutes a risk factor for drug dependence. The overall objective of this thesis was to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms of cocaine reinforcement and in particular the role of µ-opioid receptors in cocaine reinforcement. Gener ...
Antidepressants
... • Lithium bicarbonate (Li2CO3) • Most commonly used for bipolar disorder • Mode of action poorly understood, thought to reduce the action of the HPT system • Dosed by augmentation (increasing until desired effects acheived) ...
... • Lithium bicarbonate (Li2CO3) • Most commonly used for bipolar disorder • Mode of action poorly understood, thought to reduce the action of the HPT system • Dosed by augmentation (increasing until desired effects acheived) ...
dental second assessment
... 8. Which of the following mechanism of drug excretion is PH dependent : a. Glomerular filatration. b. Biliary excretion . c. Active tubular reabsorption. d. Passive tubular reabsorption. 9. Characteristics of enzyme induction include the following except : a. Irreversible process . b. Increases wei ...
... 8. Which of the following mechanism of drug excretion is PH dependent : a. Glomerular filatration. b. Biliary excretion . c. Active tubular reabsorption. d. Passive tubular reabsorption. 9. Characteristics of enzyme induction include the following except : a. Irreversible process . b. Increases wei ...
Introduction to neuropharmacology
... No formal system for the classification of receptors exists. A receptor is usually defined as a protein that binds a relatively specific molecule called the ligand. The binding of the ligand to its receptor has a functional effect. The two main types of receptors could be defined as ionotropic and m ...
... No formal system for the classification of receptors exists. A receptor is usually defined as a protein that binds a relatively specific molecule called the ligand. The binding of the ligand to its receptor has a functional effect. The two main types of receptors could be defined as ionotropic and m ...
receptor
... Receptors are normal points of control of physiologic processes. Under physiologic conditions, receptor function is regulated by molecules supplied by the body. Drugs can only mimic or block the body’s own regulatory molecules. Drugs cannot give cells new functions. ...
... Receptors are normal points of control of physiologic processes. Under physiologic conditions, receptor function is regulated by molecules supplied by the body. Drugs can only mimic or block the body’s own regulatory molecules. Drugs cannot give cells new functions. ...
Predator-prey interactions in a changing world: humic stress
... Heterocope appendiculata) by using a two-channel choice flume and observed how individuals avoided fish kairomone containing water depending on increasing HS concentrations. Both copepod species showed a pronounced avoidance towards fish kairomone containing water. However, this avoidance decreased ...
... Heterocope appendiculata) by using a two-channel choice flume and observed how individuals avoided fish kairomone containing water depending on increasing HS concentrations. Both copepod species showed a pronounced avoidance towards fish kairomone containing water. However, this avoidance decreased ...
Abstract
... In chronic heart failure there is marked activation of the sympathetic nervous system, particularly organ-specific within the heart and kidney. There is also withdrawal of parasympathetic activity. Both of these disorders of autonomic regulation have been found to have independent adverse prognostic ...
... In chronic heart failure there is marked activation of the sympathetic nervous system, particularly organ-specific within the heart and kidney. There is also withdrawal of parasympathetic activity. Both of these disorders of autonomic regulation have been found to have independent adverse prognostic ...
5th Lecture 1433
... less than 50% of the receptors bound (receptor occupancy) Maximal effect does not require occupation of all receptors by agonist. ...
... less than 50% of the receptors bound (receptor occupancy) Maximal effect does not require occupation of all receptors by agonist. ...
Chemical transmission and drug action in the central nervous
... Atypical neuroleptics have a relatively low affinity for D2 receptor are more effective than typical antipsychotics at treating the “negative” symptoms of schizophrenia, ...
... Atypical neuroleptics have a relatively low affinity for D2 receptor are more effective than typical antipsychotics at treating the “negative” symptoms of schizophrenia, ...
Sympathomimetics
... 2. DOPAmine (Intropin) a) Dopaminergic, beta1, and alpha1 receptor activity b) Drug of choice for treatment of shock and hypotensive states because it causes an increase in renal blood flow and does not cause renal shut down. c) IV: Dosage 2-5 mcg/kg/min; up to 50 mcg/kg/min ...
... 2. DOPAmine (Intropin) a) Dopaminergic, beta1, and alpha1 receptor activity b) Drug of choice for treatment of shock and hypotensive states because it causes an increase in renal blood flow and does not cause renal shut down. c) IV: Dosage 2-5 mcg/kg/min; up to 50 mcg/kg/min ...
Léčiva působící prostř. histaminu, serotoninu a dopaminu
... • Antagonists of H1 receptors alleviate symptoms of alergic reactions, can have antiemetic, sedative effects ...
... • Antagonists of H1 receptors alleviate symptoms of alergic reactions, can have antiemetic, sedative effects ...
AFS Policy Statement #6
... with potential for impact on aquatic communities since, almost without exception, all manufactured chemical substances possess the potential to enter surface waters sometimes with and sometimes without man's specific intent. While all chemicals have this potential, is a basic understanding of genera ...
... with potential for impact on aquatic communities since, almost without exception, all manufactured chemical substances possess the potential to enter surface waters sometimes with and sometimes without man's specific intent. While all chemicals have this potential, is a basic understanding of genera ...
Synthetic Chemistry and Medicine
... relate it to applied synthetic chemistry • Medicinal chemistry—a definition—the use of synthetic organic chemistry to create molecules that will alter in a useful way some disease process in a living system. -D. Lednicer ...
... relate it to applied synthetic chemistry • Medicinal chemistry—a definition—the use of synthetic organic chemistry to create molecules that will alter in a useful way some disease process in a living system. -D. Lednicer ...
Drugs of Abuse: Psychedelic Agents
... 5-HT2A Receptor The mammalian 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor which belongs to the Serotonin receptor family and is a G-protein coupled receptor(GPCR). This is the main excitatory receptor subtype among the GPRC for serotonin(5-HT), although 5-HT2A may also have an inhibitory ...
... 5-HT2A Receptor The mammalian 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor which belongs to the Serotonin receptor family and is a G-protein coupled receptor(GPCR). This is the main excitatory receptor subtype among the GPRC for serotonin(5-HT), although 5-HT2A may also have an inhibitory ...
Psychopharmacology and Other Biologic Treatments
... blood brain barrier (then, can also pass through placenta) ...
... blood brain barrier (then, can also pass through placenta) ...
Tolerance and Idiosyncrasy
... Prolonged exposure to agonists often results in a gradual decrease in the actual number of receptors expressed on the cell surface ...
... Prolonged exposure to agonists often results in a gradual decrease in the actual number of receptors expressed on the cell surface ...
Toxicodynamics
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.