• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Opioid Analgesics
Opioid Analgesics

... Acetominophen (Tylenol) Ibuprofen (Motrin) ...
CORMAS Tutorial
CORMAS Tutorial

... • For several years now, agent-based simulation software exist. User groups (including ecologists and sociologists) are organized around generic tools that facilitate the construction of models and ...
Why is Pharma So Scared of Psychiatric Drug Discovery?
Why is Pharma So Scared of Psychiatric Drug Discovery?

... Finally, the potential for High Throughput Screening (HTS) as a drug discovery tool is becoming more apparent as a powerful route towards greater functional selectivity and clinical efficacy. The sorry tale of cortico-releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonists is a prime example of how HTS may be n ...
WP4&5_Workshop29630June2009_PLarge
WP4&5_Workshop29630June2009_PLarge

... Analysis (CSA), stock reduction, catch curves etc. • Fringe methods – software often not very robust & diagnostics are poor. ...
Indexed Keywords
Indexed Keywords

... destabilization should be translated in clinical practice. Systemic approaches are pursued to discover serum biomarkers that are applicable to define patients at risk for future cardiovascular events. Elevation in inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein, predicts outcomes of patients with a ...
Climate models development Climate models development
Climate models development Climate models development

... Find processes and phenomena of relevance ...
Antiviral Agents
Antiviral Agents

... zalcitabine: same as AZT but can cause peripheral neuropathy and pancreatitis. Can be used with AZT for enhanced effect and less toxicity. • Non-nucleoside RT inhibitors: e.g. neviparine. Noncompetitive binding to RT and direct inhibition at a site different from AZT and others. May be active agains ...
Diabetes Therapy and Problems for the Cardiologist. Quali
Diabetes Therapy and Problems for the Cardiologist. Quali

... – Iodinated contrast ...
Schizophrenia - Beauchamp College
Schizophrenia - Beauchamp College

... whose symptoms do not improve on haloperidol. A patient maintained on clozapine is less likely to show side effects related to involuntary movements (tardive dyskinesia). It tends not to block the receptors for dopamine in the striatum (could explain it’s lack of motor side effects). However it has ...
β 3 - Faculty
β 3 - Faculty

...  Also has NO synthase as an effector  Upregulation in Disease  Diverse tissue distribution  Octopamine ...
Dependence potential
Dependence potential

... Drug disposition sedative effects occurs within days, however, tolerance to the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines takes longer Behavioral to develop. Cross tolerance can occur also. Cross tolerance means that tolerance will Pharmacodynamic develop to other depressants such as barbiturates and al ...
File
File

... 28. Inherited Trait – a characteristic that is passed down from parents to offspring through genes. Example: blue eyes. 29. Acquired Trait – characteristics that are not passed down but instead "acquired" after birth. Example of this is: scars, pierced ears, the length of your hair, the loss of a l ...
Major roles of Organisms in ecosystems
Major roles of Organisms in ecosystems

... The process that leads to such a close fit is known as NATURAL SELECTION. The mechanisms of natural selection are: Genes, Populations and Species Genes are distinct pieces of DNA that determine the characteristics that an individual displays (color, shape, behavior). Each individual has a particular ...
File
File

... A living part of an organism’s habitat ...
The Chemistry of Life
The Chemistry of Life

...  Organisms interact with each other when they share the same ___________________________ or ...
February 4, 2010 - Rochester Community Schools
February 4, 2010 - Rochester Community Schools

... Komodo Dragon ...
Brain development: chemical overreaction
Brain development: chemical overreaction

... In particular it's the brain of a foetus in the womb that is sensitive to toxic substances that may be completely harmless to an adult organism. The brains of babies and young children as well can be much more greatly harmed by chemicals than is a mature brain. Unborn children come into contact with ...
Beta blockers
Beta blockers

... Many compounds bind to the subtypes of beta receptors with equal affinities: nonselective antagonists. Some exhibit preferential binding to subtype 1: beta-1 selective antagonists. For scientific experiments, there exist antagonists with selective binding to B2 or B3 receptors. These, however, are n ...
Major roles of Organisms in ecosystems
Major roles of Organisms in ecosystems

... Those that reproduce successfully will pass on to the next generation the characteristics that make them more successful. Charles Darwin - The Origin of Species. (1859) Darwin concluded that there are several factors that can interact to allow natural selection to occur. Over time natural selection ...
Ecology Vocabulary
Ecology Vocabulary

... All of the non living factors within an environment The process of converting nitrogen into ammonium by bacteria The total variation of species within a given population A region of Earth with a specific climate and organisms adapted to the particular environment Part of the earth’s surface that inc ...
cancer - ichapps.com
cancer - ichapps.com

... All cancers have a few clinical and pathological characteristics in common, but those arising in different organs often have very different causes. The disruption of proteins with pivotal roles in cell growth, death, and the regulation of gene expression is the underlying cause of cancer. The most c ...
Using Fisheries-Focused Ecosystem Models to
Using Fisheries-Focused Ecosystem Models to

... Chesapeake Bay Program Eutrophication Model Suite to drive fisheries-focused ecosystem models: – Chesapeake Atlantis Model (CAM) – Chesapeake Bay Fisheries Ecosystem Model (CBFEM) • Use ecosystem model outputs – biomass and catch of key species – to inform economic surveys and models • Work iterativ ...
Addiction
Addiction

... • Environmental factors–peer pressure, social factors ...
InfoWater - Innovyze
InfoWater - Innovyze

... • Calculates the age of water throughout a network • Performs unlimited source trace and computes the percent of flow from a given node reaching all other nodes over time Analyzes kinetic reactions both in the bulk flow and at the pipe wall Incorporates nth order kinetics to model reactions in the b ...
PXR (N-16): sc-9690
PXR (N-16): sc-9690

... interacting with specific intracellular receptors to regulate gene expression. This superfamily of receptors includes both steroid and nonsteroid receptors. Like many nonsteroid hormone receptors, PXR (Pregnane X Receptor) binds as a heterodimer with RXR to a DNA sequence typical of a nonsteroid hor ...
< 1 ... 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 ... 126 >

Toxicodynamics



Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report