B.1A - Demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and
... B.6B - Recognize that components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms. ...
... B.6B - Recognize that components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms. ...
Chapter 10: Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs
... Tetracyclin causes discoloration and malformation of teeth and skull in children. May cause liver damage in pregnant women Sulfonamides: Can cause mental retardation of fetus if given in ...
... Tetracyclin causes discoloration and malformation of teeth and skull in children. May cause liver damage in pregnant women Sulfonamides: Can cause mental retardation of fetus if given in ...
A positive allosteric modulator (PAM)
... This approach confers a greater selectivity and better glutamate modulatory control at disease mediating receptors. Thus, this mechanism may offer a clinical advantage to maximize therapeutic activity while limiting undesirable side-effects or toxicity. The possibility to combine PAMs with ortho ...
... This approach confers a greater selectivity and better glutamate modulatory control at disease mediating receptors. Thus, this mechanism may offer a clinical advantage to maximize therapeutic activity while limiting undesirable side-effects or toxicity. The possibility to combine PAMs with ortho ...
alkylating_agents_and_related_drugs
... 1. Much less N/V 2. Much less nephrotoxicity 3. Less risk of peripheral neuropathy , ototoxicity 4. It is more myelotoxic dose-limited toxicity blood cells decrease dramatically, sometimes as low as 10% of its usual production levels. ...
... 1. Much less N/V 2. Much less nephrotoxicity 3. Less risk of peripheral neuropathy , ototoxicity 4. It is more myelotoxic dose-limited toxicity blood cells decrease dramatically, sometimes as low as 10% of its usual production levels. ...
An Overview of Setting Occupational Exposure Limits
... protecting a worker against the "normal" pharmacological effects of the drug also will protect against the "exaggerated" or adverse effects of the drug. There are other drugs where toxic effects are unrelated to the mechanism of pharmacological action. For instance, a drug may cause developmental t ...
... protecting a worker against the "normal" pharmacological effects of the drug also will protect against the "exaggerated" or adverse effects of the drug. There are other drugs where toxic effects are unrelated to the mechanism of pharmacological action. For instance, a drug may cause developmental t ...
Gastro17-GIPharm2
... o Requires long-term therapy o Well tolerated Interferon-alpha + ribavirin o For chronic hepatitis C o Ribavirin inhibits replication of virus o Ribavirin also used as aerosol for RSV Drugs and Liver Toxicity Many drugs are biotransformed by liver Many drugs can cause idiosyncratic liver damage ...
... o Requires long-term therapy o Well tolerated Interferon-alpha + ribavirin o For chronic hepatitis C o Ribavirin inhibits replication of virus o Ribavirin also used as aerosol for RSV Drugs and Liver Toxicity Many drugs are biotransformed by liver Many drugs can cause idiosyncratic liver damage ...
organisms
... Cycling of Matter Carbon and Oxygen Cycles 2. Long term cycle: Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) – Marine animals are able to use Carbon to build their skeletal material – These organisms fall to the bottom of the ocean floor, creating limestone rock. ...
... Cycling of Matter Carbon and Oxygen Cycles 2. Long term cycle: Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) – Marine animals are able to use Carbon to build their skeletal material – These organisms fall to the bottom of the ocean floor, creating limestone rock. ...
Roxipharm
... Roxipharm® (Roxithromycin) is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic that acts as an antibacterial by inhibition of protein synthesis. It has a broad antibacterial action against many gram - positive and to a lesser extent some gram - negative bacteria, as well as other organisms including anaerobes, ...
... Roxipharm® (Roxithromycin) is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic that acts as an antibacterial by inhibition of protein synthesis. It has a broad antibacterial action against many gram - positive and to a lesser extent some gram - negative bacteria, as well as other organisms including anaerobes, ...
1 Ecological Interactions Packet
... 1. Competition, parasitism, predation, mutualism and commensalism can affect population dynamics. 2. Relationships among interacting populations can be characterized by positive and negative effects, and can be modeled mathematically (predator/prey, epidemiological models, invasive species). 3. Many ...
... 1. Competition, parasitism, predation, mutualism and commensalism can affect population dynamics. 2. Relationships among interacting populations can be characterized by positive and negative effects, and can be modeled mathematically (predator/prey, epidemiological models, invasive species). 3. Many ...
lec#9 done by Dareen Mashaqbeh
... -histamine synthesis inhibitors to manage allergic reactions . -drugs that release of histamine from mast cells they aren’t good drugs since they release histamine and it reaches the blood stream we cannot avoid allergic reactions except by using specific antagonist . -prophylaxis a term used when ...
... -histamine synthesis inhibitors to manage allergic reactions . -drugs that release of histamine from mast cells they aren’t good drugs since they release histamine and it reaches the blood stream we cannot avoid allergic reactions except by using specific antagonist . -prophylaxis a term used when ...
Slide 1
... The science of drugs (From the Greek words: pharmakos, medicine or drug; and logos, study). “The science that deals with the study of the mechanism of action, uses, adverse effects and fate of drugs in animals and humans” ...
... The science of drugs (From the Greek words: pharmakos, medicine or drug; and logos, study). “The science that deals with the study of the mechanism of action, uses, adverse effects and fate of drugs in animals and humans” ...
Chapter 2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
... ______________________________ For example: lichens (lik-enz) are an example of a mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae. The algae provide food for the fungi, and the fungi provide a habitat for the algae. They both get something out of their association. o ____________________- the rel ...
... ______________________________ For example: lichens (lik-enz) are an example of a mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae. The algae provide food for the fungi, and the fungi provide a habitat for the algae. They both get something out of their association. o ____________________- the rel ...
Kinetic models
... The slope gives n and the value of X at which log(h) = 0 (or h=1 or y = 0.5) gives EC50. The Hill equation as a tool. The Hill equation has no relationship to any actual physical situation – for example it does not correspond to the predictions of any scheme for binding and gating. However, paramete ...
... The slope gives n and the value of X at which log(h) = 0 (or h=1 or y = 0.5) gives EC50. The Hill equation as a tool. The Hill equation has no relationship to any actual physical situation – for example it does not correspond to the predictions of any scheme for binding and gating. However, paramete ...
Data Sheet Sorafenib Tosylate
... Description: Sorafenib Tosylate, also known as Bay 43-9006, is a novel bi-aryl urea compound that inhibits cell proliferation by targeting receptor tyrosine kinases, including VEGFR-2 and PDGFR--β and their associated signaling cascades of the ERK pathway and angiogenesis. It was originally develope ...
... Description: Sorafenib Tosylate, also known as Bay 43-9006, is a novel bi-aryl urea compound that inhibits cell proliferation by targeting receptor tyrosine kinases, including VEGFR-2 and PDGFR--β and their associated signaling cascades of the ERK pathway and angiogenesis. It was originally develope ...
2 receptor
... What is pain An unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Pain is always subjective. Each individual learns the application of the word through experiences related to injury in early life. It is unquestionably ...
... What is pain An unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Pain is always subjective. Each individual learns the application of the word through experiences related to injury in early life. It is unquestionably ...
5-HT2a – receptor agonist
... hallucinations and irrational behavior, myosis) • MDMA-like chemical structure + weak inhibitor MAO • extremely long time before peak (4-7 hours), effects last for 24-72 hours ...
... hallucinations and irrational behavior, myosis) • MDMA-like chemical structure + weak inhibitor MAO • extremely long time before peak (4-7 hours), effects last for 24-72 hours ...
2. Material and Methods - Université de Montréal
... Sublethal toxic effects are discrete and difficult to observe. These cause a reduction in competitiveness of the affected species and it affects biological populations through higher disease, parasitism and predation. The highly regulated nature of the immune system renders it quite vulnerable to to ...
... Sublethal toxic effects are discrete and difficult to observe. These cause a reduction in competitiveness of the affected species and it affects biological populations through higher disease, parasitism and predation. The highly regulated nature of the immune system renders it quite vulnerable to to ...
Spare Receptors
... A 55-ye old woman with CHF is to be treated with a diuretic drug. Drugs X and Y have the same mechanism of diuretic action. Drug X in a dose of 5 mg produces the same magnitude of diuresis as 500 mg of drug Y. This suggests that: Drug Y is less efficacious than drug X Drug X is about 100 times more ...
... A 55-ye old woman with CHF is to be treated with a diuretic drug. Drugs X and Y have the same mechanism of diuretic action. Drug X in a dose of 5 mg produces the same magnitude of diuresis as 500 mg of drug Y. This suggests that: Drug Y is less efficacious than drug X Drug X is about 100 times more ...
The Cerebral Cortex and Higher Intellectual Functions
... • The study of the influence of various kinds of drugs has provided us with knowledge about many aspects of neural communication at the synaptic level. • Drugs either facilitate or inhibit activity at the synapse. – Antagonistic drugs block the effects of neurotransmitters (e.g., novacaine, caffeine ...
... • The study of the influence of various kinds of drugs has provided us with knowledge about many aspects of neural communication at the synaptic level. • Drugs either facilitate or inhibit activity at the synapse. – Antagonistic drugs block the effects of neurotransmitters (e.g., novacaine, caffeine ...
Marine coastal pollution: causes, effects and
... endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Scientific studies have shown a relationship between exposure to EDCs and abnormal thyroid function, sex alteration, poor hatching success, decreased fertility and growth, and altered behavior, especially in aquatic organisms. The main suspected agent was the e ...
... endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Scientific studies have shown a relationship between exposure to EDCs and abnormal thyroid function, sex alteration, poor hatching success, decreased fertility and growth, and altered behavior, especially in aquatic organisms. The main suspected agent was the e ...
Low efficacy diuretics
... - Synthetic steroid that antagonizes aldosterone at intracellular cytoplasmic receptor sites. - Spironolactone – receptor complex is inactive and it will prevent translocation of the receptor complex into the nucleus of the target cell, thus, it can not bind to DNA. - The result is a failure to prod ...
... - Synthetic steroid that antagonizes aldosterone at intracellular cytoplasmic receptor sites. - Spironolactone – receptor complex is inactive and it will prevent translocation of the receptor complex into the nucleus of the target cell, thus, it can not bind to DNA. - The result is a failure to prod ...
... leukocytes to the area of infection through the process of chemotaxis. Chemokines are therefore a suitable pharmaceutical target for anti-inflammatory agents. Broad-Spectrum Chemokine Inhibitors (BSCIs) are a group of molecules which inhibit leukocyte migration caused by chemokines. There are over 5 ...
Materials and Methods
... The concentrations of the prostacyclin mimetics used in this study was chosen to include a broad range of concentrations starting from clinically relevant doses to supra-clinical doses. Thus are the first 2 concentrations of iloprost and treprostinil, the first 3 concentrations of epoprostenol and t ...
... The concentrations of the prostacyclin mimetics used in this study was chosen to include a broad range of concentrations starting from clinically relevant doses to supra-clinical doses. Thus are the first 2 concentrations of iloprost and treprostinil, the first 3 concentrations of epoprostenol and t ...
Cancer
... receptor sites, and complexation of an Estradiol carrier with normustine enables accumulation of the complex within the tumour. The phosphate group provides water solubility, and the Carbamate linkage between the Mustine and the Estradiol deactivates the nitrogen ...
... receptor sites, and complexation of an Estradiol carrier with normustine enables accumulation of the complex within the tumour. The phosphate group provides water solubility, and the Carbamate linkage between the Mustine and the Estradiol deactivates the nitrogen ...
Toxicodynamics
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.