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Where Stars Are Born
Where Stars Are Born

... 7. i) Collision between clouds. ii) Compression of a cloud by a nearby emission nebula (due to expansion of the hot nebular gas). iii) Compression of a cloud by a nearby supernova explosion (which seems to have been the trigger that initiated the Sun's formation 5 billion years ago). iv) Galactic de ...
Integrative Studies 410 Our Place in the Universe
Integrative Studies 410 Our Place in the Universe

... • Two types of Cepheids: – Type I: higher luminosity, metal-rich, Pop. 1 – Type II: lower lum., metal-poor, Population 2 ...
AST 207 Final Exam 14 December 2009
AST 207 Final Exam 14 December 2009

... a. (2 pts.) Explain why the sun moves with respect to the stars. b. (2 pts.) Explain why the planets sometimes moves east to west with respect to the stars, which is opposite the way the sun moves. c. (2 pts.) Explain why Mars moves east to west with respect to the horizon. d. (3 pts.) Copernicus’s ...
Chapter 5 Energy transport in stellar interiors
Chapter 5 Energy transport in stellar interiors

Temperature–Time Relation
Temperature–Time Relation

Slide 1
Slide 1

... Observed light element abundances agree with Big Bang Model! ...
vuorinen_neutron_stars
vuorinen_neutron_stars

... 2. but not impossible if you systematically use 1st principles results at low and high density 3. Discovering massive stars places strong constraints on nuclear matter EoS due to tension with soft pQCD pressure 4. pQCD constraint useful even if no quark matter present in stars ...
F03HW12
F03HW12

... one solar mass giant. This presents a paradox because massive stars evolve faster than low mass stars, so the five solar mass stars should leave the main sequence before the one solar mass star. The solution to this paradox is mass transfer. Suppose that the system was originally composed of a five ...
Vibrational instability of Population III very massive mainsequence
Vibrational instability of Population III very massive mainsequence

Massive star formation in 100000 years from turbulent and
Massive star formation in 100000 years from turbulent and

... the star formation rate. The individual star formation time, t∗f , determines the accretion rate of the star; the value of the former quantity is currently uncertain by many orders of magnitude1,2,3,4,5,6 , leading to other astrophysical questions. For example, the variation of t∗f with stellar mass ...
The Hydrogen Ionization Front-Photosphere
The Hydrogen Ionization Front-Photosphere

The Cycle of Star Formation
The Cycle of Star Formation

Supernovas Neutron Stars and Black Holes
Supernovas Neutron Stars and Black Holes

... This Hubble Space Telescope image contains three main features. The outer white area is the core or centre of the galaxy NGC4261. Inside the core there is a brown spiral-shaped accretion disk. It has a mass one hundred thousand times as much as our sun. Because it is rotating we can measure the rad ...
Chapter 3 - BITS Pilani
Chapter 3 - BITS Pilani

... (the largest among all stars with this base-line, 1 AU) ...
MS-ESS1-1 Earth`s Place in the Universe
MS-ESS1-1 Earth`s Place in the Universe

Lecture 4 – Protoplanetary disk structure o   Protoplanetary disk
Lecture 4 – Protoplanetary disk structure o   Protoplanetary disk

... o  How does the central gas pressure vary with r? Know that the surface density is ...
Effects of r-modes induced differential rotation on long-term
Effects of r-modes induced differential rotation on long-term

1/2 - Indico
1/2 - Indico

... since then is equal to the ratio of galaxy’s distance and its velocity. Since this ratio is 1/H which is same for all the galaxies, all of them must have been crowded together at the same ancient time. In other words, at some unique time in the past all the matter in the universe was compressed to a ...
Astronomy
Astronomy

... • Should have been much fainter when life arose – Solar evolution models predict this – Roughly 25% less solar energy flux on Earth – Would have caused a 7% temperature drop • Corresponds to ~20 degrees celsius colder ...
Document
Document

... • trigger [SN, cloud-cloud, density wave] • cloud fragments and collapses [Jeans mass and radius] ...
Nuclear Reactions
Nuclear Reactions

Chapter12 (with interactive links)
Chapter12 (with interactive links)

... in the expanding outer layers, causing the planetary nebula that we can observe.  Planetary nebulae do not last forever – eventually the gas disperses. ...
Predicting Sky Dome Appearance on Earth
Predicting Sky Dome Appearance on Earth

Attitude Determination
Attitude Determination

... Attitude Sensors 1 - Rate sensors - For initial acquisition modes, where the spin rate of the spacecraft must be controlled to attain a first inertial lock - Coarse Pointing Sensors - Coarse control is carried out using sun sensors, magnetometer Earth sensors, GPS etc. - Fine Pointing Sensors - Fin ...
Review (PPT) - Uplift Summit Intl
Review (PPT) - Uplift Summit Intl

... the resulting high temperature causes the fusion of nuclei to create elements heavier than carbon. ▪ The giant phase ends with the star having layers of elements with proton numbers that decrease from the core to the outside (much like layers in an onion). ▪ The dense core causes gravitational contr ...
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Standard solar model

The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma). This model, technically the spherically symmetric quasi-static model of a star, has stellar structure described by several differential equations derived from basic physical principles. The model is constrained by boundary conditions, namely the luminosity, radius, age and composition of the Sun, which are well determined. The age of the Sun cannot be measured directly; one way to estimate it is from the age of the oldest meteorites, and models of the evolution of the Solar System. The composition in the photosphere of the modern-day Sun, by mass, is 74.9% hydrogen and 23.8% helium. All heavier elements, called metals in astronomy, account for less than 2 percent of the mass. The SSM is used to test the validity of stellar evolution theory. In fact, the only way to determine the two free parameters of the stellar evolution model, the helium abundance and the mixing length parameter (used to model convection in the Sun), are to adjust the SSM to ""fit"" the observed Sun.
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