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The Evolution of the Solar System
The Evolution of the Solar System

... and gases all around areas. Grains of dust collided and formed bigger and bigger lumps. Some of these lumps crashed together and formed planets, drawn together under gravity. The four solid rock planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars were created. In the outer regions of the disk, the solar wind w ...
Astronomy 1 Study Guide Key 16
Astronomy 1 Study Guide Key 16

... chromosphere – region of glowing red gas corona – outermost part of sun, seen during total solar eclipse 2. What do sun spots produce and how do they effect Earth? can produce solar flares that send ions and radiation out toward Earth; can cause auroras and problems with communications 3. What prote ...
Solar Furnaces
Solar Furnaces

... • If M < 0.08 Msun, then T is not high enough for sustained nuclear reactions: get a “BROWN DWARF” (failed star) (But fusion does occur for a short time.) • It is held up by “degeneracy pressure” (quantum mechanical pressure). • Until the mid-1990s, no confirmed brown dwarfs had been found, but now ...
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Sample Writing Topics in Cosmology, Astro, and Particle Physics

Layers of the Sun
Layers of the Sun

... million degrees Fahrenheit. Enormous amounts of helium are produced here through nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion is the process of combining two or more small nuclei to form a single, larger nucleus. Thus, creating a helium atom, neutron and energy. From the core, energy moves outward toward the Sun’ ...
Star Game Cards
Star Game Cards

... In the Milky Way, the most abundant gas is ____ which is also the element that fuses first to make a star. ...
Chapter 14 Our Star 14.1 A Closer Look at the Sun Why was the
Chapter 14 Our Star 14.1 A Closer Look at the Sun Why was the

... find the right number of neutrinos, but some have changed form ...
Weathering, Erosion and Mass Movement
Weathering, Erosion and Mass Movement

... Explore the structure of the Sun. Describe the solar activity cycle and how the Sun affects the Earth. Compare the different types of spectra. ...
PHYS 1311: In Class Problems Chapter 5 Solutions Feb. 23, 2016
PHYS 1311: In Class Problems Chapter 5 Solutions Feb. 23, 2016

... overpowering luminosity, but if they observed long enough (at least 6 years), they would see the Sun “wobble” and therefore deduce a massive object must be orbiting it. If the observers happen to view the Solar System edge-on, the Sun would display simple harmonic motion. This same logic is applied ...
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The Quivering Sun: Helioseismology (PowerPoint version)

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... • Every particle in the cloud attracts every other particle • As they ‘fall’ inwards, they move faster (gravitational potential energy is being converted to kinetic energy) • The particles collide with each other, sharing their ...
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Lecture 16 - Yet More Evolution of Stars

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L5 - QUB Astrophysics Research Centre

... The surface luminosity of the sun is L =3.86x1026W, and at no point in the Sun can the luminosity exceed this value (see eqn of energy production). What can you conclude from this ? As the T and v of the rising elements are determined by the difference between the actual temperature gradient and a ...
Stellar Masses and the Main Sequence
Stellar Masses and the Main Sequence

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... Since large number of neutrinos are produced in the hydrogen fusion process, working of the sun can also be studied observing those neutrinos. Neutrinos interact only very weakly interact with matter, so large detectors are used to record few neutrinos a day. Neutrinos going through a medium (water) ...
Newton`s Law of Universal Gravitation
Newton`s Law of Universal Gravitation

... of our galaxy, the Milky Way. The sun, mass 2.0X1030kg, revolves around the center of thee galaxy with a radius of 2.2X1020 m. The period of one rotation is 2.6X108 years. a. Find the approximate mass of the galaxy. b. Assume the average star in the galaxy has the mass of the sun, find the number of ...
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AY1 Homework for Quiz 2: Spring 2017

PP 23-The Solar System
PP 23-The Solar System

Forces in stars
Forces in stars

... The nuclear fusion reactions going on within the Sun generate huge amounts of energy in the form of radiation and this streams upwards through the Sun until it eventually leaves the surface and is radiated out into space. If the star is stable the gravitational forces acting inwards to the centre of ...
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How the univ works

Astronomy 114 Problem Set # 5 Due: 04 Apr 2007 SOLUTIONS 1 1
Astronomy 114 Problem Set # 5 Due: 04 Apr 2007 SOLUTIONS 1 1

Picture - The Russell Elementary Science Experience
Picture - The Russell Elementary Science Experience

... What is the difference between mass and weight? How does a plant create its own food? What is the name of the process? How are volcanoes formed? How are mountains formed? How are earthquakes created? Explain the main processes in the water cycle? Where do fossil fuels come from? Give some examples o ...
Sun and Moon, Stand Still - Circle
Sun and Moon, Stand Still - Circle

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Standard solar model

The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma). This model, technically the spherically symmetric quasi-static model of a star, has stellar structure described by several differential equations derived from basic physical principles. The model is constrained by boundary conditions, namely the luminosity, radius, age and composition of the Sun, which are well determined. The age of the Sun cannot be measured directly; one way to estimate it is from the age of the oldest meteorites, and models of the evolution of the Solar System. The composition in the photosphere of the modern-day Sun, by mass, is 74.9% hydrogen and 23.8% helium. All heavier elements, called metals in astronomy, account for less than 2 percent of the mass. The SSM is used to test the validity of stellar evolution theory. In fact, the only way to determine the two free parameters of the stellar evolution model, the helium abundance and the mixing length parameter (used to model convection in the Sun), are to adjust the SSM to ""fit"" the observed Sun.
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