Download Astronomy 1 Study Guide Key 16

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Astronomy 1 Test Review Guide
Review Documents 105+: Vocabulary, Notes, Activities, Diagrams and Worksheets.
EMS
1. List the types of electromagnetic radiation in order from shortest to longest wavelength (and from
longest to shortest).
gamma – x-ray – ultraviolet – visible – infrared – terahertz – microwave – radio
shortest
longest
2. How does blue light relate to red light with respect to frequency, wavelength and energy?
Blue light has higher frequency, shorter wavelength and more energy.
3. Where on the EM spectrum is the radiation more dangerous and why?
Shorter wavelengths are more dangerous as they have more energy – ex. Gamma and x-rays
4. Given the types of EM radiation, be able to give some examples/uses of each.
See notes on EM presentations – ex. x-rays are used by doctors to see broken bones as they
pass through skin but not bone
5. How do we see color?
The color that we see is the wavelength of visible light that is reflected off the object. We do
not see the wavelengths that are absorbed. When we see a green car, we are seeing the green
light that is being reflected.
6. What are the 3 models we use to describe light?
Photon, wave and ray
7. How does a spectroscope work?
A spectroscope uses a prism or diffraction grating to separate light into its component
wavelengths (colors)
Galaxy & Universe
1. Rank to following words in order of their size – largest to smallest: universe, planet, moon,
solar system, galaxy, super giant, red giant, main sequence star.
Moon – planet – main sequence star – red giant – supergiant – solar system – galaxy – universe
2. How do we measure distance in space? light year, parsec, or astronomical units
3. If a supernova is 400 light years away, it would take 400 years for us to see it.
4. If a distance is not as large as a light year but still too large to use km we measure distance in
AU. An AU is the distance between the sun and Earth.
5. The idea that the universe began as a dense area of matter which expanded is called the Big
Bang theory. The idea that it will one day contract is called the Big Crunch.
6. Draw the shapes of the galaxy types and describe each: (see Astronomy Vocabulary)
Irregular
Spiral
Elliptical
7. A galaxy is a collection of stars. Our galaxy is called the Milky Way.
8. It has many solar systems with in its arms. At the center of our spiral galaxy is a black hole, so
our galaxy is also called a quasar.
Stars
Be able to read an H-R diagram.
blue
blue
blue
white yellow
orange
red
1. What does luminosity mean? brightness of a star
2. What is the difference between apparent and absolute magnitude? apparent luminosity is how
bright a star appears from Earth, while absolute magnitude is the actual brightness of a star
(how bright it would be if it is was 10 parsecs away – the same distance as other stars)
3. What is the relationship between size and luminosity? as size increases, luminosity increases
(also as temperature increases, luminosity increases)
4. What is the relationship between temperature and color? higher temperature stars are blue
and lower temperature stars are red
5. What is parallax? the apparent shift in one object’s position relative to another object caused
by a change in the location of the observer
6. How is parallax useful to astronomers? it helps astronomers calculate the distance to stars
7. What are the limitations of parallax? parallax doesn’t work on stars that are too far away as
the apparent shift in position decreases too much
8. Label & be able to describe the life cycle of stars. See Life Cycle of Stars Visual Organizer (Doc 119)
Gas & Dust
average size
main sequence star
red giant
white dwarf
black dwarf
or
neutron star/
pulsar
protostar
nebula
or
red
supergiant
massive
main sequence star
supernova
black hole
Nothing
escapes its
gravitational
pull
9. Which path will our sun take? Highlight it. that of an average size main sequence star
10. Where are we now? Draw an arrow.
main sequence star
Sun
1. Label and describe the parts of the sun and related terms.
See Sun Notes (Doc 125) and Features of the Sun (Doc 126)
core – hottest part, where thermonuclear fusion occurs
photosphere – innermost layer visible to us
chromosphere – region of glowing red gas
corona – outermost part of sun, seen during total solar eclipse
2. What do sun spots produce and how do they effect Earth? can produce solar flares that send ions
and radiation out toward Earth; can cause auroras and problems with communications
3. What protects our earth from coronal mass ejections? magnetosphere – Earth’s magnetic field
4. What are convection currents and how do they work? movements caused by temperature changes;
they carry the Sun’s energy out
5. What two elements are the primary components of the sun? Hydrogen and Helium
6. The sun is an example of what state of matter? plasma
7. What is the source of the Sun’s energy? fusion