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... Polish astronomer and mathematician who, as a student, studied canon law, mathematics, and medicine at Cracow, Bologna, Rome, Padua, and Ferrara. Copernicus became interested in astronomy and published an early description of his "heliocentric" model of the solar system in Commentariolus (1512). In ...
Death of sun
Death of sun

... Formation of a Giant Star When H  He fusion ceases, hydrostatic equilibrium is disrupted and gravity forces dominate. The core collapses. The collapse heats the inner core enough so that helium fusion may begin. The new fusion reaction generates an even larger fusion pressure, which pushes the sta ...
Zero Age Main Sequence (ZAMS)
Zero Age Main Sequence (ZAMS)

A105 Stars and Galaxies
A105 Stars and Galaxies

... 1901. The star lies 1500 light years away, in the direction of the constellation Perseus. ...
1. What is the HR diagram? 1a. The HR diagram is a plot of a star`s
1. What is the HR diagram? 1a. The HR diagram is a plot of a star`s

... Helium burning in the core. No real shell burning at this stage. On the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), can you ever get a helium burning shell outside a hydrogen burning shell? If not, why not? No because Helium burning requires a higher temperature than hydrogen burning. On the AGB, whats the main ...
Lecture 18
Lecture 18

... How large is the opacity? Opacity depends upon temperature, density, and composition. For a fully ionized gas scattering of photons by free electrons (Thomson scattering) provides an opacity of k = 0.4 cm2 g-1, independent of frequency. Good estimate at high T, at lower T opacity is usually higher ...
Energy transport in stellar interiors
Energy transport in stellar interiors

Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Physics

–1– 1. Convection Convection In Stars – Things We Need to
–1– 1. Convection Convection In Stars – Things We Need to

Lab Activity on Variations in the Apparent Daily Path of
Lab Activity on Variations in the Apparent Daily Path of

astrophysics - Uplift Summit Intl
astrophysics - Uplift Summit Intl

AY 12 Homework #4 Solutions Winter 2016 Longer Problems 1. a
AY 12 Homework #4 Solutions Winter 2016 Longer Problems 1. a

... cores. These light stars will eventually evolve into helium core white dwarfs. In addition, these stars are fully convective throughout their interiors. c) White dwarfs below 1.44 M are stable (degeneracy pressure balances gravity). Above 1.44 M , no stable white dwarf exists (such an object would ...
THE SUN - OoCities
THE SUN - OoCities

... helium remains there, where it absorbs radiation more readily than hydrogen. This raises the central temperature and increases the brightness. Model calculations conclude that the Sun becomes 10 percent brighter every billion years; hence it must now be at least 40 percent brighter than at the time ...
Early Bird Astronomy
Early Bird Astronomy

... • Talk about how the planets orbit the sun. Read • Students will read Astronomy books to familiarize themselves with the appearance of the planets in our solar system and their relation to the sun and one ...
Some Common SI Units of Length
Some Common SI Units of Length

... beyond our Solar System. In fact it is about one quarter of the way to the nearest star! Light years are good units for measuring the vast distances throughout our Milky Way galaxy and beyond into the Greater Universe. Don’t be fooled by the name light year. It is not a measure of time. It is define ...
Solar System Astronomy
Solar System Astronomy

... [email protected] Others Course Objective The objective is to provide the basic astronımical information about the solar system objects such as planets, asterids, sun, comets and other constiturents of sun and his family.Birth and evolution of these objects willalso be considered in the light of ...
ADE_EB_The Universe
ADE_EB_The Universe

... There are billions of stars in the milky way galaxy.  A Star is a huge ball of burning gas with an intense heat and light.  The sun is the nearest star from the earth and is not solid.  Consist out of burning gasses with very harmful ultra violet beams.  The Sun is in the middle of our solar sys ...
Gravity
Gravity

... This is Kepler’s third law: T = period and r = orbit radius. Algebra review at http://regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys06/keplers/default.htm ...
Ray Davis: The Scientist and the Man
Ray Davis: The Scientist and the Man

Henriques B., White S., Lemson G., Thomas P., Guo Q., Marleau D
Henriques B., White S., Lemson G., Thomas P., Guo Q., Marleau D

5. Energy Production and Transport
5. Energy Production and Transport

... The above expressions reflect the fact that the rate of fusion is a very sensitive function of temperature, because the probability of tunnelling depends on kinetic energy, which in turn depends on temperature. Furthermore, it can be seen that fusion reactions involving successively heavier elements ...
Page 598 - ClassZone
Page 598 - ClassZone

... Pluto was thought to be larger than it is until 1978, when astronomers discovered that it had a moon about half its size. Charon, Pluto’s moon, has a diameter of about 1200 kilometers. Given their similarity in mass, some scientists consider Pluto and Charon to be a double planet, rather than a plan ...
Solar System Bead Distance Activity
Solar System Bead Distance Activity

... 1. Vary the bead sizes and shapes to distinguish between the planets. 2. Talk your students through the tour of the solar system – have their fellow students play “tour guide” and describe which planet they are touching, what it looks like and where they will be heading next. This might also be a go ...
Chapter 19
Chapter 19

... 3. The planets further from the sun are large and contain more gas and icy materials 4. Most of the Moons orbit their planets in the same direction as the planets orbit the sun 5. Oldest meteorites are about 4.566 billion years old 6. Planetary surfaces are all younger than the oldest meteorites ...
Scaling the Solar System
Scaling the Solar System

... NOTE: If you are unable to walk the distances of this model solar system or to use Google maps to place them on a map, you can stop here and simply make these clay models into a mobile or other permanent display. This is good stopping place for the day if your periods are shorter. The next part will ...
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Standard solar model

The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma). This model, technically the spherically symmetric quasi-static model of a star, has stellar structure described by several differential equations derived from basic physical principles. The model is constrained by boundary conditions, namely the luminosity, radius, age and composition of the Sun, which are well determined. The age of the Sun cannot be measured directly; one way to estimate it is from the age of the oldest meteorites, and models of the evolution of the Solar System. The composition in the photosphere of the modern-day Sun, by mass, is 74.9% hydrogen and 23.8% helium. All heavier elements, called metals in astronomy, account for less than 2 percent of the mass. The SSM is used to test the validity of stellar evolution theory. In fact, the only way to determine the two free parameters of the stellar evolution model, the helium abundance and the mixing length parameter (used to model convection in the Sun), are to adjust the SSM to ""fit"" the observed Sun.
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